41. EEK! - Critter Corner - Pine Marten Then, between 1975 and 1983, the DNR Bureau of wildlife Management and the USForest Service released 172 pine martens from Ontario and Colorado into the http://www.dnr.state.wi.us/org/caer/ce/eek/critter/mammal/pinemarten.htm

Pine Marten (Martens americana) Wisconsin Status: endangered Federal Status: not listed Pine martens are small, rare members of the weasel family often confused with two other weasels that live in Wisconsin: fishers and stone martens. Like other species in the weasel family, the male and female are different sizes. The female is about three-fourths the size of the male. The female pine marten measures about 18-22 inches and stands about 6 inches high. Females weigh in at 1.5-1.8 pounds and males at 1.6-2.8 pounds. Their fur is soft and thick, varying in color from pale buff or yellow to reddish or dark brown. Their throats are pale buff with black tails and legs. Two vertical black lines run above the inner corners of their eyes. In winter, long hairs grow between the toe pads on their feet, similar to the snowshoe hare . Thick fur helps keep their feet warm and helps them travel long distances on snow. Pine martens have long, bushy tails, one-third the length of their body. Fishers live in similar habitat, have similar tracks and are darker in color than pine martens. Stone martens are non-native species and are also about the size of the male pine marten. They are pale gray to brown with a white throat patch.

42. Maine CFWRU Fisher Studies Northeast wildlife 51111. Krohn, WB, KD Elowe, and RB Boone. 1995. Relations amongfishers, snow, and martens development and evaluation of two hypotheses. http://www.wle.umaine.edu/fac/krohn/fisher/fisher.html

MAJOR PRODUCTS FROM THE MAINE FISHER ( MARTES PENNANTI ) STUDY a Maine Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit USGS Biological Resources Division University of Maine, Orono Dissertations and Thesis Arthur, S. M. 1987. Ecology of fishers in south-central Maine. Doctor of Philosophy Dissertation, University of Maine, Orono. 111pp. Frost, H. C. 1994. Reproductive biology of captive fishers. Doctor of Philosophy Dissertation, University of Maine, Orono. 114pp. Paragi, T. F. 1990. Reproductive biology of female fisher in southcentral Maine. Master of Science Thesis, University of Maine, Orono. 107pp. Publications Arthur, S. M. 1988. An evaluation of techniques for capturing and radiocollaring fishers. Wildlife Society Bulletin Arthur, S. M., W. B. Krohn, and J. R. Gilbert. 1989. Home range characteristics of adult fishers. Journal of Wildlife Management Arthur, S. M., W. B. Krohn, and J. R. Gilbert. 1989. Habitat use and diet of fishers. Journal of Wildlife Management Crowley, S. K., W. B. Krohn, and T. F. Paragi. 1991. A comparison of fisher recruitment estimates.

43. Imaginality Links Page - Wildlife And Nature http//www.BadlandPhotography.com. WildPicture wildlife and Nature Photographyby Hans martens wildlife and Nature Photography Website http://www.imaginality.com.au/links/wildlifeandnature.htm

Wildlife and Nature My website's home page 1027  Distinct Links Please support our Link Partners by visiting them. Clive Kay, Artist - African Wildelife... Africa by an African Artist Clive Kay who has done a number of special commission paintings over the years, but by far "The Biggest One" was the inaugural painting the Walt Disney company commissioned... http://www.clivekay-artist.com Freelance photography - Richard N. Sparks... A Tehachapi photographer serving Kern County, California. Richard N. Sparks offers freelance photography services: architectural, advertising, editorial, travel, portraits, sports.... http://www.sparks-photography.com JimDoty.com... Nature photograpy and more. Travel, people, digital, photo restoration, equipment, and tips for improving your pictures.... http://jimdoty.com macrofotografia fotografia naturalistica... I am a Nature photographer and the nature is for me source continually interest and inspiration. ... http://www.macrofotografia.com Nature Photography by Gary D.Tonhouse... Nature-Wildlife and Landscape Photography. Nature Photography Workshops. Tallgrass Prairie Photography. Learn about and experience our Natural World through the Inner Vision of Nature Photographer Gar... http://www.reflectiveimages.com

44. First News Releases: U.S. Fish And Wildlife Service The stock of martens was secured too late for the animals to breed this season TheForefront Of Conservation The History of the US Fish and wildlife Service in http://news.fws.gov/firstrelease.html

First News Release - 1914 Released for morning papers of Dec. 13, 1914. Received *Dec 3, 1914* Biological Survey Office of Information, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, ENCOURAGEMENT IN BREEDING FUR BEARING ANIMALS. Washington, D, C. Up to the present time experiments in breeding fur bearers have: been carried on only with minks and martens, at the two stations -Prichard, Idaho, and the National Zoological Park - minks have bred, and the healthy condition of the young animals promises success. The stock of martens was secured too late for the animals to breed this season. In the coming year it is intended to add raccoons, skunks, and possibly foxes to the list of animals to be included in these experiments. During the spring an assistant visited New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, and other portions of the eastern British Provinces and New England for the purpose of studying the methods in vogue in the region for rearing foxes and other fur bearers. Data on improved methods of raising foxes will soon be published, to bring up to date preliminary information furnished in 1908 in Farmers' Bulletin 388, Silver Fox Farming. Investigations into the economic value of North American skunks resulted in the publication of a Farmers' Bulletin on the subject. It has been found that this animal is one of the most useful of native mammals and a most efficient help to the farmer and the orchardiat in their warfare against insect and rodent pests. As a source of fur it is also a commercial asset, the skins netting trappers about $3,000,000 annually. As the skunk is valuable in its activities as well . . . as for its fur, experiments in breeding the animals in captivity are recommended. (Extract from Annual Report of the Bureau of Biological Survey, U, S. Department of Agriculture).

45. Marten Clearinghouse Mountains. 1989, J. wildlife Management 53(1)191196. Buskirk, Powell,S., R. Habitat ecology of fishers and American martens. 1994, Pp. http://www.predatorconservation.org/predator_info/Forest_Clearinghouse/Marten/Ma

Marten Clearinghouse Click tracks for more information on specific titles, or download a literature summary of these articles in PDF format (15 pgs). If you can't view PDFs, get the free Adobe Acrobat Reader - Now Click Tracks for More Info Last Name First Name Title Date Publication Bennett, Samson Lisa A., Fred B. Marten ecology and habitat management in the Central Rocky Mountains. Colorado Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, April 1984 Berg, Kuehn W., D. Demography and range of fishers and American martens in a changing Minnesota landscape. Pp. 262-271 in S.W. Buskirk, A.S. Harestad, M.G. Raphael, and R.A. Powell (eds.). Martens, Sables, and Fishers: Biology and Conservation. Cornell University Press Bissonette, Fredrickson, Tucker John, Richard, Brian American marten: A case for landscape-level management. Burnett Gary W. Movements and habitat use of American marten in Glacier National Park, Montana. Masters Thesis, University of Montana, Missoula Buskirk Steven Introduction to the Genus Martes.

46. Fisher Clearinghouse wildlife Bulletin No. B63. Berg, Kuehn, W., D. Demography and range of fishersand American martens in a changing Minnesota landscape. 1994, Pp. http://www.predatorconservation.org/predator_info/Forest_Clearinghouse/Fisher/Fi

Fisher Clearinghouse Click tracks for more information on specific titles. Click Tracks for More Info Last Name First Name Title Date Publication Arthur, Krohn Stephen M., William B. Activity patterns, movements, and reproductive ecology of fishers in southcentral Maine. Journal of Mammalogy 72(2):379-385 Aubry, Houston K., D. Distribution and status of the fisher (Martes pennanti) in Washington Northwest Naturalist 73:69-79 Banci V. A fisher management strategy for British Columbia. British Columbia Ministry of the Environment, Lands and Parks, Wildlife Branch. Wildlife Bulletin No. B-63 Berg, Kuehn W., D. Demography and range of fishers and American martens in a changing Minnesota landscape. Pp. 262-271 in S.W. Buskirk, A.S. Harestad, M.G. Raphael, and R.A. Powell (eds.). Martens, Sables, and Fishers: Biology and Conservation. Cornell University Press Biodiversity Legal Foundation Petition for a rule to list the Fisher, Martes pennanti, as "threatened” in the western United States under the Endangered Species Act, 16 U.S.C. Sec. 1531 et seq. (1973) as amended. Petition to the U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, December 22, 1994

47. Small Carnivores sustains its widest complement of forestdwelling wildlife. We need to approachour forests as banks of capital, Wood says. Fishers and martens are part of http://www.nwf.org/nationalwildlife/2000/martenam.html

48. Watchword - Pine Martens Pine martens are being bred and studied here, but there are no plans to release Howyou can help The Vincent wildlife Trust is collecting sightings of the pine http://www.lincstrust.co.uk/watch/wword/pmarten.html

Lincolnshire Wildlife Trust A nationwide club for children and young teenagers Learning about the environment Return to Watchword Watchword Feature Lone Rangers ~ on the trail of the lonesome pine marten ~ Bee Read looks at the fortunes of the pine marten This graceful mammal faces a struggle for survival as some people still see it as a deadly foe What is a pine marten? Martens are members of the weasel ( Mustelidae ) family. They are related to weasels, stoats, mink, polecats, otters and badgers. The stone or beech marten and the pine marten both live in Europe but in Britain we only have the pine marten ( martes martes They have brown fur with a creamy-coloured throat and chest, and long bushy tail. They are larger than weasels, stoats, mink and polecats but smaller than otters and badgers. Adults are 64cm to 81cm long (about as long as a cat, but much sleeker!) including the tail and they weigh between 1300gm and 1700gm. The males are usually larger than the females. f a c t Pine martens like to snack on voles, birds, frogs and beetles. They also eat fungi and fruit Pine marten - seeks own space Pine martens make their homes in wooded areas; this could be native deciduous, mixed woodland and native pine. Woodland gives them protection from predators such as eagles. They make their dens in hollow trees, rockholes, rabbit burrows or pigeon nests - yes, they are great climbers! They have their own areas or territories within the woodland. Males will not let other males into their territory and females will not let other females in; however, male and female territories may overlap. You and I may think that these creatures are anti-social, but that is the way they like to live.

49. Nature Photography Forum - Books Threads Chen (200106-24); Wildflower book by Gary Anthes (2001-05-31); Nature photographybooks by Jim Zuckerman by Hans martens (2001-04-09); Nature, wildlife Outdoor http://www.photo.net/bboard/q-and-a-one-category?topic_id=34&category=books

50. Fragile Legacy Link to US Geological Survey Link to Northern Prairie wildlife Research Center oncethought to be arboreal, snow tracking studies of martens clearly show http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/distr/others/sdrare/species/martamer.htm

Fragile Legacy Marten (Martes americana) Status: State Rare Description: The marten is an arboreal (tree-dwelling) Editor's Note: Although once thought to be arboreal, snow tracking studies of martens clearly show martens to be primarily terrestrial (deVos 1952, Hawley and Newby 1957). The stereotypical practice of climbing trees to escape potential predators (Raine 1982, Pulliainen 1981) may explain early anecdotal accounts of martens as being arboreal.] weasel with a bushy tail, golden brown to dark brown fur, a lighter colored head and a yellow to cream-colored throat patch. The soles of its feet are furred. Males measure 24-26 inches (61-66 cm) in length and weigh 1.5-3 pounds (750-1250 g). Females are 21-23 inches (53-58 cm) long and weigh 1.5-2 pounds (681-851 g). Habitat and Habits: This animal prefers dense, mixed deciduous or mature coniferous forests. Martens use ground burrows, rock piles and crevices, hollow trees, stumps, downfalls and brush, which provide refuge and winter access to sub-snow vegetation galleries and rodent prey. Large open areas appear to inhibit movement, with home ranges often coinciding with edges of topographic features (streams) or vegetation features (meadows). Peak periods of activity are dawn and dusk in summer, and during the day in winter. Martens are active both on the ground and in trees, but are rarely seen, even where fairly common. Habitat selection depends on abundance of available prey. Martens are opportunistic feeders on many items, including red-backed voles, squirrels, chipmunks, shrews, hares, carrion and occasionally insects, berries and birds. Martens employ a variety of tactics to secure food; they will track or ambush prey, rob nests or excavate burrows.

51. Crossing Structures martens will excavate several metres of snow to clear a blocked wildlife MitigationMeasures Information on the structures, their design and installation. http://www.mountainnature.com/Articles/CrossingStructures.htm

Site Directory MountainNature Home Ward Cameron Ent. Contact Us Nature Forecast ... Books Banff National Park's Crossing Structures Banff National Park has taken the lead in trying to reduce the number of animals and people being injured and killed along the Trans Canada Highway. It has been a long process, and researchers are still learning more about the effectiveness every day. Historic Timeline Studying the Structures Do They Work? Related Links Historic Timeline The construction of wildlife overpasses along the Trans Canada Highway began in the mid 1980s with the twinning of the highway from the east park entrance to the junction with the Bow Valley Parkway. During the construction, a series of 11 underpasses were built and a 2.4 m fence was also built along each side of the highway. The overpasses vary in design, with some being more elaborate than others. The majority are open span cement bridges installed at a cost of $300,000. One of the underpasses is a 4 metre metal culvert (approximately $50,000). A second stretch of highway was twinned in 1997. This section begins where the original stretch ended and extended the twinned section all the way to Castle Junction. Along this stretch two wildlife overpasses and 11 additional underpasses were built. The overpasses each cost of 1.851 million dollars. The underpasses are composed of 9 culverts of various sizes and two creek bridges. The fencing was also upgraded along this section of highway to include a buried apron to prevent animals from tunneling under the fencing.

52. Coal Creek Wildlife-Pika The pika's predators are coyotes, weasels, martens and hawks. I got my informationfrom ONE DAY ON PIKA'S PEAK by Ron Hirschi and MOUNTAIN wildlife by Marj http://www.bvsd.k12.co.us/schools/coalcreek/wildlife/pika.html

Pika by Evie, age 9 If you are on Pika's Peak one morning for a walk you might hear a high pitch whistle. you wonder, what could it be? You look around. The whistle is coming from a little rock. You go to it and try to pick it up. But right when you're about to touch it, it scurries off. My friend, if that does happen to you, you might have just heard and seen a pika. Pikas live in mountain areas in western North America including Colorado. The pika has gray fur and a rounded body that looks like a rock. The pika breeds in the spring. They often have two litters with two to four babies in each. Only one of those litters will survive the winter. The babies are born blind and hairless, but will find their territory by their first winter. When the pika is not storing food it sits on a rock to look for predators like coyotes, weasels, martens, and hawks. The pika is active all year. Instead of hibernating in winter, it moves beneath rocks and snow. When an animal or person gets near, pikas make a very high pitched squeak. They eat vegetation like grains, grass, and hay. They're scientific name is Ochotona Priceps . They're related to the rabbit and hare. Pikas are not very big. They're only eight inches long and weigh seven ounces. I got my information by ONE DAY ON PIKAS PEAK by Ron Hirschi.

53. Maine Perspective bulletin published by NCASI in 1999, Harrison and David Payer, a research associatein the UMaine Department of wildlife Ecology, report that martens tend to http://www.umaine.edu/perspective/archives/oldissues/march600/marten.html

Return to Maine Perspective Front Page UMaine Marten Study Could Affect Forest Policy The American marten (Martes americana), a forest-dwelling member of the weasel family, can co-exist with forest harvesting in the Northeast, according to conclusions reached in a 10-year University of Maine research project, as long as the resulting forest landscape includes the habitat characteristics that marten favor. The results demonstrate the need for forest landscapes to be managed for the complex structural characteristics required by the marten and other species of forest-dependent wildlife. Daniel Harrison, professor of wildlife ecology, has coordinated efforts to track the movements of martens and evaluate the influences of trapping and various forms of timber harvesting on their density, survival and patterns of habitat occupancy. The project has produced forest management recommendations and contributed to the educational experiences of 30 undergraduates who have participated in fieldwork, data compilation and analyses. In addition, the research has produced five master's theses, a Ph.D. dissertation, an undergraduate honors thesis and several special projects conducted by undergraduates. Further efforts will involve a post-doctoral researcher who will use geographic information systems and satellite imagery to translate results into statewide habitat maps depicting trends in habitat for forest-dependent wildlife. The project also will develop planning strategies for maintaining habitat for forest wildlife with large spatial needs, while providing for environmentally sound and economically viable forest management.

54. GORP - Grand Teton National Park - Wyoming - Wildlife Look for elk, mule deer, martens, red squirrels, black bears and snowshoe hares. forests,marshes and meadows fulfill the needs of many forms of wildlife. http://gorp.away.com/gorp/resource/us_national_park/wy/wld_gt.htm

var allready_poped = 3 DisplayAds ("Top,Right,TopRight,Right1,Right2,Frame1!Top", "468", "60"); DisplayAds ("Top,Right,TopRight,Right1,Right2,Frame1,Frame2,Middle!TopRight", "120", "60"); Nat'l Parks Nat'l Forests Nat'l Monuments Wilderness Areas ... Wallpaper Search: PARKS Lightweight Hiking Top 40 Wild U.S. Rivers Special Issue: Exotic Vacations Everest Exclusive (OutsideOnline.com) ANWR Gallery (OutsideOnline.com) Introduction Park Index Highlights Activities Hiking Biking Paddling Climbing ... Snowmobiling Maps Park South Park North Environment History ... Essentials Weather Transportation Ratings View Rating Submit Rating Resources Family Trails in the Tetons ... Wyoming Resources Grand Teton National Park Wildlife The Teton Range dominates Grand Teton National Park, attracting the attention of all who pass through Jackson Hole. The geologic processes that resulted in mountain building and sculpting also have determined where plants grow in the park. Herbivores, plant-eating animals like moose, mule deer and elk, occur where their food source exists. Carnivores, meat eating animals like bears, coyotes and weasels, follow the herbivores they prey upon. Geologic events created the dramatic scenery of Jackson Hole and indirectly account for the distribution and abundance of wildlife and plants found here. Special Feature. . .

55. MetaCrawler Results | Search Query = Nature Photography In Aklaska Wildpicture.com wildlife and Nature Photography by hans martens wildlife and NaturePhotography Website http//www.wildpicture.com (Ask Jeeves) More like http://search.metacrawler.com/texis/search?q=Nature Photography in Aklaska&brand

56. MetaCrawler Results | Search Query = Wildlife Africa Photo Wildpicture.com wildlife and Nature Photography by hans martens wildlife photography.Photographs, technique, equipment. Safari information. Book reviews. http://search.metacrawler.com/texis/search?q=Wildlife Africa Photo

57. Webpage Of The Burren Wildlife Symposium - Next Event: Oct '02 -Updated Apr'02 as much wildlife as possible over the weekends. What is rare elsewhere is frequentlyeasily seen in the Burren; among the mammals we have pine martens, stoats http://homepage.tinet.ie/~jconsidi/BWS/

UPDATES Links: click on underlined words or text to navigate the page Introduction This is the webpage of the Burren Wildlife Symposium. We are a voluntary educational group made up of amateur enthusiasts, and our aim is to increase awareness and appreciation of the Burren, in County Clare, Ireland. Please scroll down our page, to learn a little about the Burren and find out what we do. Wildlife Flora The Burren is famous for it's Archaeology, topography, caves, flora, social history and wildlife, but it is the intermingling and overlayering of all of these topics often in one place that makes it unique and special. Archaeology Next Event Speakers Organisers ... Discussion List The characteristic fissured limestone surface of the Burren, known as 'karst', is a result of glaciation and weathering by ice, sea, wind and rain. It gives the Burren it's unique characteristics of soil and geology, and it supports a unique community of Mediterranean and alpine flora. It takes many forms, from deep crevasses to glass-like smoothness, and the random drops of erratic boulders by the melting glaciers 10,000 years ago look like the ice melted only yesterday. Man has left his marks on the Burren - the hundreds of miles of dry stone walls, easily overlooked or taken for granted, are proven to have been in existence for thousands of years in some cases.

58. Alan P. Covich, Professor, Fishery And Wildlife Biology FW 420 Water Quality Ecosystems Approach for Fisheries and wildlife Management;and Cole, AP Covich, CN Dahm, J. Gibert,W. Goedkoop, K. martens, JTA Verhoeren http://www.cnr.colostate.edu/~alanc/

Alan P. Covich Department of Fishery and Wildlife Biology Colorado State University Fort Collins, CO 80523 Office: (970) 491-2372 FAX: (970) 491-5091 Email: alanc@cnr.colos tate.edu Research Interests. Assembly and function of stream food webs; predator-prey chemosenory communication; species-specific roles in detrital processing chains; redundancy in stream communities and ecosystem functions in temperate and tropical streams. Courses Taught. I teach and team-teach three undergraduate courses closely related to my research interests: BZ 474 Limnology; FW 420 Water Quality: Ecosystems Approach for Fisheries and Wildlife Management; and BY 320 Introduction to Ecology. Each spring I also usually teach a graduate seminar EY 572 Tropical Ecology, or some special topics seminars (BioComplexity, Landscape Ecology). This fall, I will also be teaching FW 190 (Freshman Seminar). Graduate Students. I currently have two Master's students under my direction working on: Climate change and thermal ecology of Colorado Cuthroat Trout (Scott Cooney) Decapod dominance of tropical stream food webs, Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico

59. AGPix.com Photographers Covering martens The following photographers have listed this termin their stocklists. American wildlife Tom J. Ulrich, West Glacier MT. http://www.agpix.com/search_index.php?index_id=9124

60. Collins Booksellers, We Love A Good Read to wildlife. This volume contains a collection of these pieces, with woodcuts byMichael Wood. It shows how animals such as badgers, pine martens, swifts and http://www.collinsbooks.com.au/popcat.asp?CatMain=NAT&storeurl=collinsbooks

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