21. MEDLINEplus Medical Encyclopedia: Meningitis meningitis. Definition Return to top meningitis is an infection which causesinflammation of the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000680.htm

Skip navigation Medical Encyclopedia Other encyclopedia topics: A-Ag Ah-Ap Aq-Az B-Bk ... Z Meningitis Contents of this page: Illustrations Definition Causes, incidence, and risk factors Symptoms ... Prevention Illustrations Brudzinski's sign of meningitis Kernig's sign of meningitis Lumbar puncture (spinal tap) Meninges of the brain ... Haemophilus influenza organism Definition Return to top Meningitis is an infection which causes inflammation of the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. Non-bacterial meningitis is often referred to as "aseptic meningitis." Bacterial meningitis may be referred to as "purulent meningitis." Causes, incidence, and risk factors Return to top The most common causes of meningitis are viral infections that usually resolve without treatment. However, bacterial infections of the meninges are extremely serious illnesses, and may result in death or brain damage even if treated. Meningitis is also caused by fungi, chemical irritation or drug allergies, and tumors. Types include: meningitis - cryptococcal syphilitic aseptic meningitis meningitis - H. influenza meningitis - meningococcal ... meningitis gram negative carcinomatous meningitis (meningitis due to cancer) Acute bacterial meningitis is a true medical emergency, and requires immediate hospital-based treatment. Bacterial strains that cause meningitis include

22. Www.laegevagten.dk Om symptomer og smitte. http://www.laegevagten.dk/sb.cfm?amt=20&sygdom=72

23. The Meningitis Research Foundation Of Canada - Meningitis meningitis. Warning. THE INFORMATION ON THIS WEB PAGE IS FOR GUIDANCE ONLY! meningitisIS A VERY SERIOUS PROBLEM AND CAN KILL AND/OR CAUSE SERIOUS DISABILITIES. http://www.meningitis.ca/meningitis.html

P.O. Box 28015 R.P.O. Parkdale Waterloo, Ontario N2L 6J8 Phone or Fax - (519) 746-8306 or Toll-free 1-800-643-1303 E-mail - fund@meningitis.ca Charitable Registration # 89751 8429 RR0001 Mission Statement Donations In Memoriam My Story ... Links MENINGITIS Meningitis in an infection of the fluid and membranes which cover the brain and spinal cord. It can caused by three kinds of germs: bacteria, viruses, or fungi. The symptoms of meningitis are very similar, regardless of cause, and include: fever drowsiness or confusion severe headache stiff neck bright lights hurt the eyes nausea and vomiting In babies less than one year of age, symptoms of meningitis may be more difficult to identify. They may include: fever fretfulness or irritability, especially when handled difficulty in awakening difficulty feeding vomiting Stiff neck and bulging of the fontanelle (softspot on top of skull) may occur in young babies with meningitis, but usually such signs are not present early in the illness. Bacterial meningitis is a very serious disease.

24. Prevnar, A Vaccine For Infants, Prevents Certain Invasive Pneumococcal Diseases. Information about Prevnar, a vaccine for infants and toddlers that helps prevent invasive diseases caused by the bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae, which can cause bacterial meningitis, blood infections, and other invasive diseases. From WyethAyerst Laboratories. http://www.prevnar.com

Click here to enter Click here to enter Click here Click here The contents of this Web site are intended for access and use by residents of the United States. Philadelphia, PA 19101 July 2002 / 83085-02

25. Nederlandse Meningitis Stichting http://www.meningitis-stichting.nl/index2.htm

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26. Medical College Of Wisconsin Healthlink Topics: Children's Health Articles by healthcare professionals on topics such as Bacterial meningitis, bedwetting, ear infections, communicating with teenagers. http://healthlink.mcw.edu/content/topic/Children's_Health

Search Articles: search tips Please Take the HealthLink Survey Receive HealthLink via email! Subscribe now >> List all articles under Children's Health alphabetically or by date Children's Health Latest articles on Children's Health Cystic Fibrosis: No Cure Yet, but Treatments Prolong Life Not too long ago CF was always fatal in childhood, but better treatment methods have increased the average lifespan of CF patients to nearly 30 years. CAIR: Science and Service in the Fight Against AIDS The Center for AIDS Intervention Research gives service agencies the tools they need to help prevent HIV infection. How Do You Know When a Child Needs the ER? Cuts that require stitches, broken bones, and increasingly, asthma attacks bring children into the emergency room at all hours. But how does a parent or caretaker decide whether a child needs to make that visit? Dry Winters Can Provoke Nosebleeds One way to tell if your house is very dry: after walking on a carpeted surface, you experience a static discharge when you touch something metallic. Adolescent Depression Often Overlooked If an adolescent shows signs of clinical depression, it’s important to seek help – left untreated, the disorder can lead to much more serious problems.

27. Smokers At Higher Risk For Infections People who smoke cigarettes or breathe secondhand smoke are at a higher risk of pneumonia or meningitis. http://www.nurseweek.com/news/00-03/031300a.html

Home Articles Jobs Education ... Links Related links American Heart and Lung Association American Cancer Society Smokers at higher risk for infections Posted 3-13-2000 By Mary Ann Hellinghausen Atlanta . People who smoke cigarettes or breathe secondhand smoke are at a higher risk for contracting pneumonia, a bloodstream infection, or meningitis, according to a study by the national Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The study, published in the March 9 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine , found that the risk of infection caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae , the virus that causes pneumonia, was four times higher for cigarette smokers and two-and-a-half times higher for those exposed to secondhand smoke. "This study documents yet another example of an adverse health event linked to active and passive smoking,’’ said Michael Eriksen, MD, director of the CDC’s Office on Smoking and Health. "Reducing the incidence of pneumococcal disease is yet another reason to continue to support public health programs to reduce smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke." Researchers worked with microbiology labs in Atlanta, Baltimore, and Toronto to identify all cases of invasive pneumococcal infection in adults ages 18 to 64 and selected a sample of patients for further study. Through telephone interviews with those patients and randomly selected healthy residents of the same age, the researchers discovered cigarette smoking was the strongest risk factor for pneumococcal infection in adults with normal immune systems.

28. WebMD - Yet Another Reason To Put That Cigarette Down Cigarettes are the leading cause of an infection that can cause severe pneumonia or meningitis pneumococcal infections. http://my.webmd.com/content/article/1728.55546

WebMD Today Home WebMD Newscenter Member Services WebMD University My WebMD Find a Doctor, Clinic Medical Info Check Symptoms Medical Library Quizzes, Calculators Clinical Trials ... Family Genetics Who We Are About WebMD Health Mall Sponsored: Lose Lbs Naturally Heart Failure? Trouble Focusing? Yet Another Reason to Put That Cigarette Down By Peggy Peck WebMD Medical News Email to a friend Printer-friendly version March 8, 2000 (Cleveland) Cigarette smoking is a well-known risk factor for cancer and heart disease, and a new study from the CDC reports that cigarettes are also the No. 1 cause of an infection that can cause severe pneumonia or meningitis. Cigarettes, the CDC researchers say, increase the risk of this infection by four times for smokers and more than double the risk to nonsmokers exposed to secondhand smoke. The study is reported in this week's issue of The New England Journal of Medicine. Pneumococcal infections are caused by a bacteria called Streptococcus pneumoniae. They are the leading cause of pneumonia in the U.S. "The more the person smokes, the greater the risk, both in terms of cigarettes per day and years smoking," says researcher Anne Schuchat, MD, chief of the CDC's Respiratory Disease Branch. The risk remains high for 10 years after a person quits, then drops to the risk of nonsmokers, she says. This is good news because it means "this is not a permanent effect of smoking," she says.

29. National Meningitis Association A nonprofit organization founded by parents to educate parents, students, health professionals and Category Health Conditions and Diseases meningitis......The National meningitis Association is a nonprofit organization founded by parentsto educate other parents, students, health professionals and public policy http://www.nmaus.org/

Click to Enter NMA, viral meningitis, meningococcal meningitis, spinal meningitis, bacterial meningitis, meningitis symptom, meningitis vaccine, college student, septicemia, flu, meningitis foundation, disease, center for disease control, infectious disease, meningococcemia, meningococcal, neisseria meningitidis, vaccine

30. Pneumococcal Infections Recognizing, treating, and preventing infections caused by streptococcus pneumoniae. Consumer information about pneumonia, otitis, bloodstream infections, and meningitis caused by streptococcus pneumoniae. Information about vaccines and antibiotic treatment. http://www.nfid.org/library/pneumococcal

31. Medinfo: Meningitis C Vaccination meningitis C Vaccination. Medinfo's patient information on vaccination against meningitisC. This is available as the new meningococcal C conjugate vaccine. http://www.medinfo.co.uk/immunisations/meningitisc.html

index search health books site map Meningitis C Vaccination Meningitis C vaccination is available as the new meningococcal C conjugate vaccine (MenC). The new UK regime is for each infant to receive a dose of MenC at 2, 3 and 4 months of age. There will be a catch up of immunisations of the older children over coming months. This will start with the 15-17 year olds receiving it first, starting in November 1999. The Vaccine The vaccine is made from the sugar coat of the germs (meningococcal bacteria) which can cause a type of meningitis . The sugar (polysaccharide) is "glued" to (conjugated with) a protein, and when injected it can lead to the development of immunity to Meningitis C from 2 months of age. The idea is to fool the body's defence system into thinking it is under attack by Meningitis C, and to produce defence mechanisms (antibodies) which will fight off Meningitis C if it is encountered in the future. The vaccine is given, by injection, into the upper arm, thigh or buttock, and is becoming part of the routine immunisation schedule in UK from Autumn 1999. It will be given to infants at 2, 3 and 4 months of age. There will be a catching up exercise, and the first in the UK to receive it will be those aged between 15 and 17, starting in November 1999. Those recipients, and any over one year of age only need a single injection. Babies aged five months to one year old will receive two injections, a month apart.

32. Yahoo! GeoCities - Sportknocker_2000's Home Page My name is Travis Williams. In May of 1996, I contracted bacterial meningitis which resulted in a spinal cord injury. My hobbies include knife and hat collecting. http://www.geocities.com/sportknocker_2000/

sportknocker_2000's Home Page Hi! My name is Travis Williams. Welcome to my web page. Please read on to learn more about me and my interests. About Me My Hobbies Collecting Knives Collecting Caps Favorite Links InterestingGifts.com Spinewire JC Whitney Gerber Knives You can reach me by e-mail at: buckshot@bulloch.com Description: My home page tells about myself and my hobbies of hat and knife collecting. My join date: Start building your site now! PageBuilder The easy way to create a great site. File Manager Create subdirectories, upload and edit. Advanced Editor Code your own HTML from scratch. My URL: http://www.geocities.com/sportknocker_2000/ Didn't find what you're looking for? Want to start your own site? Join Yahoo! GeoCities Yahoo!

33. Student Vaccines.com Provides information on student vaccines against meningitis. http://www.studentvaccines.com/

Protect yourself from Meningitis and above. Click to upgrade: Internet Explorer or Note: Information contained on this website is intended for students and adults age 11 and up. Legal Statement or

34. EMedicine - Pediatrics, Meningitis And Encephalitis : Article By Robert Felter, Pediatrics, meningitis and Encephalitis Despite advances in antimicrobial and generalsupportive therapies, central nervous system (CNS) infections remain a http://www.emedicine.com/EMERG/topic390.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties CME PDA ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Patient Education Advanced Search Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Emergency Medicine Pediatric Pediatrics, Meningitis and Encephalitis Last Updated: December 31, 2002 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 10 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography Author: Robert Felter, MD , Chair, Professor, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tod Children's Hospital Robert Felter, MD, is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics Editor(s): Garry Wilkes, MD , Director, Clinical Senior Lecturer, Department of Emergency Medicine, Bunbury Health Service; Robert Konop, PharmD , Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacy, Section of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota; Grace M Young, MD , Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland Medical Center; John Halamka, MD

35. Meningitis Claimed The Life Of My Baby Alexis The celebration of a life lost to meningitis. http://members.tripod.com/~Angel_Alexis/Alexis.html

Get Five DVDs for $.49 each. Join now. Tell me when this page is updated Our Daughter Alexis was born January 14, 1998. She was our third child born in Louisiana. She was an added blessing to our home. She was so very beautiful as any baby would be. She weighed 8 lbs. 2 oz. She was very healthy. My husband and I brought her home 2 days later. From then on she never cried, except when hungry, and she also slept through the night. On February 3 being two weeks old we took Alexis to the hospital. She was running a temperature and was also vomitting everything she ate. That day my daughter was seen by two family doctors and also the "acting" head of pediatrics that day. One doctor told me he was going to admit my daughter to the hospital for further testing but had to get another opinion. As the Head of Peds. came in, he checked my daughter out and asked me several questions about her. Then he replied, "she looks too good to poke", so he was not going to admit her. He sent us home with the diagnosis of a stomach flu and told me if the symptoms did not go away, to bring her back for testing. Five days later, February 8, we all woke up that morning and resumed our daily schedule of breakfast and normal chores around the house. I noticed my daughter had begun to run a temperature again and was making a humming sound. That humming sound continued even when she was sleeping. I didn't know anything was wrong. I was unaware that this humming was one of the symptoms of meningitis. I thought maybe she had found her voice. I put Alexis in her car seat on our countertop so I could watch her as I cleaned the dishes. I had talked to her the whole time, and noticed she wasn't even following anything I was doing. I sent my husband to the store to get a thermometer. I held Alexis and talked to her and she still seemed as though she was not hearing me. My husband came home and I took her temperature and it was 102.5°. I told my husband that we needed to take her to the emergency room because something was wrong.

36. Revista.consumer.es ::: Meningitis Informaci³ facilitada per la revista Consumer. http://revista.consumer.es/web/ca/20011101/salud/

searchNode = "213"; consumer es versión para discapacitados mapa web castellano euskara ... Portada Salut Salut Meningitis Vacunació: la mesura preventiva més eficaç A causa d'un brot epidèmic que va irrompre fa pocs anys al nostre país, la meningitis va suscitar l'interès dels mitjans de comunicació i les notícies que es van difondre relacionades amb aquesta malaltia van ocasionar una gran preocupació social. La incidència de meningitis a Espanya havia descendit notablement des de 1979, però en la temporada 1995-1996 es va registrar un increment del nombre de casos que va culminar amb un brot epidèmic el 1997, la qual cosa va motivar que la tardor d'aquest any les comunitats autònomes procedissin, com a mesura excepcional, a vacunar la població de 18 mesos a 19 anys. Aquesta patologia va preocupar en gran mesura llavors, i ho continua fent avui, pares amb nens petits, ja que els nounats i lactants conformen el 75% dels casos de meningitis. Què és la meningitis? Les estructures del sistema nerviós, cervell i medul·la espinal estan recobertes per unes membranes fibroses que es denominen meninges. Aquestes membranes, a més de contribuir al metabolisme del sistema nerviós, compleixen la funció essencial de defensa del sistema nerviós: actuen com autèntiques barreres per a algunes substàncies tòxiques i per als gèrmens. Quan aquestes defenses es veuen superades, es produeixen les meningitis, terme que engloba totes les malalties inflamatòries de les meninges, amb independència de la causa que la produeix, tot i que es tendeix a identificar aquest terme amb la temuda meningitis infecciosa o bacteriana.

37. Meningococcal Disease Meningococcal disease, also referred to as cerebrospinal meningitis is a contagiousbacterial disease caused by the meningococcus (Neisseria meningitidis). http://www.who.int/entity/csr/disease/meningococcal/en

English Search Home Countries Health Topics ... Media Centre Location: WHO WHO Sites CSR Home Diseases Meningococcal disease Meningococcal disease Impact of the problem International Coordinating Group (ICG) on Vaccine Provision W135 strain of the disease Country support ... Information resources Meningococcal disease, also referred to as cerebrospinal meningitis is a contagious bacterial disease caused by the meningococcus ( Neisseria meningitidis ). It is spread by person-to-person contact through respiratory droplets of infected people. There are 3 main clinical forms of the disease: the meningeal syndrome, the septic form and pneumonia. The onset of symptoms is sudden and death can follow within hours. In as many as 10-15% of survivors, there are persistent neurological defects, including hearing loss, speech disorders, loss of limbs, mental retardation and paralysis. N. meningitidis inhabits the mucosal membrane of the nose and throat, where it usually causes no harm. Up to 5-10% of a population may be asymptomatic carriers. These carriers are crucial to the spread of the disease as most cases are acquired through exposure to asymptomatic carriers. Waning immunity among the population against a particular strain favours epidemics, as do overcrowding and climatic conditions such as dry seasons or prolonged drought and dust storms. Smoking, mucosal lesions and concomitant respiratory infections are considered risk factors that may contribute to the development of the disease. The disease mainly affects young children, but is also common in older children and young adults.

38. Migraine A Pain In The Meninges New research indicates that migraine headaches may be related to meningitis. The similar symptoms were the giveaway for one scientist. Wired News http://www.wired.com/news/news/story/19267.html

39. Meningitis Location WHO Health Topics meningitis. meningitis. This pageprovides links to descriptions of activities, reports, news and http://www.who.int/health_topics/meningitis/en/

English Search Home Countries Health Topics ... WHO Sites Location: WHO Health Topics Meningitis Meningitis This page provides links to descriptions of activities, reports, news and events, as well as contacts and cooperating partners in the various WHO programmes and offices working on this topic. Also shown are links to related web sites and topics. MeSH scope note: Inflammation of the coverings of the brain and/or spinal cord, which consist of the PIA MATER; ARACHNOID; and DURA MATER. Infections (viral, bacterial, and fungal) are the most common causes of this condition, but subarachnoid hemorrhage ( HEMORRHAGES, SUBARACHNOID), chemical irritation (chemical MENINGITIS), granulomatous conditions, neoplastic conditions (e.g., carcinomatous meningitis), and other inflammatory conditions may produce this syndrome. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1994, Ch24, p6) RELATED LINKS Disease Outbreak News Communicable Diseases Surveillance and Response (CSR): Disease Info Infectious Disease Index: Meningitis DISEASE OUTBREAKS Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Multi-country outbreak - Update 25 9 April 2003 Full text Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Multi-country outbreak - Update 24 8 April 2003 Full text Disease Outbreak News EMERGENCIES Drought in Eritrea Latest information GENERAL WHO INFORMATION Media Centre Press releases, statements, fact sheets, photographs and audio and video links.

40. Meningitis Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About meningitis. A infection. Bacterialmeningitis is fairly uncommon, but can be extremely serious. http://userwww.service.emory.edu/~mkarunu/meningitis.html

Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About Meningitis A Few Facts About Meningitis In a given year, 4.5 children (per 100,000 population) between 1 month and 23 months will get meningococcal meningitis. The older you get, the more capable your body is of fighting off the infection. Bacterial meningitis is fairly uncommon, but can be extremely serious. It is fatal in one in 10 cases and one in 7 survivors is left with severe handicap, such as deafness or brain injury. The bacteria which cause both meningococcal and pneumococcal meningitis are very common and live naturally in the back of the nose and throat, or the upper respiratory tract. People of any age can carry these germs for days, weeks or months without becoming ill. In fact, being a carrier helps boost natural immunity to the disease. At any one time, around 10 to 25 per cent of the population are carriers. Only rarely do the bacteria overcome the body's defences and cause meningitis. From the Meningitis Trust Do you Suspect MalPractice?

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