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         Native Americans In Harmony With Nature:     more detail
  1. The Last World: The Taoist and Native American Philosophies as a Way of Living in Harmony with Nature by Richard SpiegelPhD, 2002-04-01
  2. The Last World: The Taoist and Native American Philosophies as a Way of Living in Harmony with Nature by Richard Spiegel, 1980
  3. A Good Medicine Collection: Life in Harmony with Nature by Adolf Hungry Wolf, 1991-01

41. Native American
the Plains and Hills where the Tribes lived in harmony with nature. Black Hills byLakota, Navajo, Oglala, Cherokeee, Chumash and other native americans.
http://www.newworldmusic.com/cgi-local/shop.pl/page=nativeamerican.html
Browse: Relaxation Music Uplifting Music Native American Celtic Music ... Zodiac Series Browse other Albums Native American Music The beauty and awesome power of the North American Indian can only be experienced by taking a musical journey to the Spirits of Native America. These albums are a tribute to the bond between Man and Nature. The experience of listening to the music is a perfect way for you to understand the culture and essence of the indigenous peoples of this vast and wonderful land. Each album is a tribute by our Performers to the way in which we can all learn from the historic cultures of these proud people. This is a truly moving experience - from the sensational drumming and chants of John Richardson to the wisdom of the Indians expressed on Native American Meditations , let the music take you to the Plains and Hills where the Tribes lived in harmony with Nature.
Go to Checkout

ALBUMS ARTIST SOUND SAMPLE PURCHASE Drums of a Nation
The rhythmic sound of rain, and the beat of galloping horses hooves, blend perfectly with the hypnotic resonant drumming.

42. Course Calendar For Spring 1999
American as natural ecologists or living in harmony with nature both opaque MSmithson, native americans and the Desire for Environmental harmony
http://www.aarweb.org/syllabus/syllabi/c/connors/calendar.htm
RG ST 193 Course Calendar for Spring 1999
Last modified: July 24, 2002 Professor Ines M. Talamantez in collaboration with Sean M. Connors, C.Phil. Representations and Misrepresentations: American Environmentalism and Native American Religious Traditions Essay Prompt: How are representations of Native American as "natural ecologists" or "living in harmony with nature" both opaque and transparent? What are some of the inherent problems with speaking about Native American religious orientations toward the natural environment? Wk 1 M: Syllabus W: Bordwich, "The Shadow of Chief Seattle"
More on this.
F: Parkhill, "In the Absence of the Wisdom of the Elders"
Vocabulary of the "New World"
Why are you taking this course? What do you hope to learn? Wk 2 M: Smithson, "Native Americans and the Desire for Environmental Harmony" W: Callicott, "American Indian Land Wisdom?"
Outlines of readings to date.
F: Grinde & Johansen, "Native Americans: America’s First Ecologists?" If a myth is a "truly false story," what is truly false about the idea of a Native American environmental ethic?

43. Vol 38 No 3, July - September 2000 Page 50
The native americans lived in harmony with nature and believed thatthe land could not be the private property of individuals. Instead
http://exchanges.state.gov/forum/vols/vol38/no3/p50.htm
Vol 38 No 3, July - September 2000 Page 50 PREVIOUS CONTENTS SEARCH NEXT
Hearts of Our People
by Melvia A. Hasman

“They are a loving people, without covetousness. Their speech is the sweetest and gentlest in the world.” Christopher Columbus wrote these words about the first Native Americans that he met in the New World-the Awarks of the West Indies. In the late 15th century, there were about one million Native Americans in North and Central America living in 650 tribes-300 in North America and 350 in Mexico and Central America. They were diverse, with different cultures and as many as 2,200 languages.
Some groups lived in cities and villages; others were nomads. Some were farmers; others hunted animals and gathered food. Some lived in bands of between 20 and 300 people; some lived in tribes, a group of bands; some lived in nations, a group of tribes. Some tribes had democratic social structures; others had rigid class systems. Today the Native American cultures fall into one of 12 cultural areas: Northeast, Southeast, Great Plains, Southwest, Great Basin, California, Northwest Coast, Plateau, Arctic, Subarctic, Mesoamerica, and circum Caribbean. Native Americans lived in societies that were generally egalitarian, with customs and traditions regulating their social life. They believed that if a person departed from the traditional customs and religious ceremonies, harm would come to him or her.

44. Core Sound Waterfowl Museum Exhibit Plan
of a lifestyle lived close to and in harmony with nature and with nature's elementalforces. native americans who hunted and fished the region for many
http://www.coresound.com/collection3.htm
Home
What We Are About
This is Core Sound Museum History David's Place Programs / Outreach Programming on and off site Junior Duck Stamp Events Willow Pond Waterfowl Weekend ... Partners Exhibits and Projects Exhibit Plan - Intoduction Exhibit Plan
-"Life on Core Sound
Exhibit Plan ... Jean-Dale Project Community Scrapbooks Opening Exhibit Traditional Craftsmen Folk Heritage Award Winners New Museum Construction We Need Your Help Annual Membership CSWM Featured Artists NC License Tag Program
Application Form ... Named Giving Opportunities Special Thanks Volunteers NEW!

45. Native American Music
of Utah and California), including the Hopi and Zuñi, are native americans who have songsto keep individual members of the group in harmony with nature.
http://www.sbgmusic.com/html/teacher/reference/cultures/nativemusic.html
Native American Music
The traditional music of Native Americans is as diverse as the peoples themselves. To those once called "Indians," now also known as "First Nations" or "First People," songs are a part of life. Songs are used for many reasons, including religious rituals, healing, accompanying work or games, storytelling, and social events. Among most Native American groups, many songs are the personal property of the singer or the group sponsoring a ritual or celebration. The music begins as a song. When it is accompanied, the instruments are mainly drums, rattles, and sometimes flutes. Singing is the traditional way of presenting a new piece, and the melody is taught to others by repeating it. The style of singing, the form of the song, and the range of the voice all vary by group.
Many of the groups use vocables extensively. Vocables can mean many things. For example, they might be a phrase from an older version of the language. They can also be important to the particular ritual being practiced, or have other meanings.
There are many kinds of Native American songs. The personal songs of the Arctic peoples of Alaska and Northern Canada, for example, are often used in social events, such as potlatch celebrations. A potlatch is a community gathering to honor the host or to celebrate family events, such as births or marriages. Gifts are given to the guests to thank them for coming and to ask that the songs they have heard that day be remembered for next year. There are also songs for

46. Native American Cultural Activities
The native American Wampanoags lived in peace and harmony with nature. Thenative americans helped the Pilgrims to survive.
http://www.tauntonriver.org/wamppassage.htm
Click here for quick access to the Wampanoag Commerative Canoe Passage Access Maps and Information. For more than 10,000 years, Native American Indians, known today as Wampanoags, lived in the area today known as southeastern Massachusetts. They fished, hunted and canoed on the lands and waters between Boston and Providence, including Cape Cod, the islands of Martha's Vineyard, Nantucket and the Taunton River. The tangled growth of great forests provided a natural shelter and home to the Wampanoags and their beloved animals. The Native American Wampanoags lived in peace and harmony with nature. The arrival of the strangers from across the sea though, changed their lives forever. The Wampanoag's chief sachem, Massasoit (Woosamequin), was among the first to greet the Pilgrims. He was a diplomat and peace-keeper. Massasoit was succeeded by his two sons. The eldest, Wamsutta (also called Alexander) died under mysterious circumstances and his body was returned to his people over part of the water route which is now called the
Wampanoag Commemorative Canoe Passage.

47. Platform
Free the prisoners of the FBI/BIA war against native americans, end all harassment. Ourgoal is a society that is in harmony with nature as it is in
http://www.peaceandfreedom.org/Platform.htm
Home What is PFP? Platform Summary Platform PFP Contacts The Internationale The Internationale (MIDI music) Mumia Abu-Jamal Other sites of interest Peace and Freedom Party Leaflets Peace and Freedom Party
Platform

(Adopted March 23, 2003.) The Peace and Freedom Party , founded in 1967, is committed to socialism, democracy, ecology, feminism and racial equality. We represent the working class, those without capital in a capitalist society. We organize toward a world where cooperation replaces competition, a world where all people are well fed, clothed and housed; where all women and men have equal status; where all individuals may freely endeavor to fulfill their own talents and desires; a world of freedom and peace where every community retains its cultural integrity and lives with all others in harmony. We offer this summary of our immediate and long-range goals: Socialism We support social ownership and democratic management of industry and natural resources. Under capitalism, the proceeds of labor go to the profits of the wealthy few. With socialism, production is planned to meet human needs. To us, socialism is workers' democracy, including the principle that all officials are elected, recallable at any time, and none receives more than a worker's wage. Socialism can only be brought about when we, the working class, unite and act as a body in our own interests. Our goals cannot be achieved by electoral means alone.We participate in mass organization and direct action in neighborhoods, workplaces, unions and the armed forces everywhere.

48. Ch 4 Diller
nature and the Environment. · Asianamericans, native-americans, African-americans,and Latino/a-americansLiving in “harmony” with nature .
http://www.odu.edu/webroot/instr/ed/APSavage.nsf/pages/diller4
Home Page
Chapter 4
Dimensions of Culture
Diller, J.V. (1999).
Cultural diversity Wadsworth Publishing Company: CA
The Dimensions of Culture
Cultural paradigms define how we live and experience life.
Differences can lead us to naturally become ethnocentric and cross-cultural misunderstandings occur.
Psychobehavioral Modality
Mode of “activity’ most preferred.
Do they engage in their world (doing).
DO they passively experience the world (being).
Do they experience the world with the intention of evolving (becoming).
Axiology
Interpersonal values that a culture teaches.
Competion vs. Cooperation
Emotional restraint vs. Expressiveness
Direct verbal vs. Indirect Verbal
Help seeking vs. Saving face
Ethnos
Beliefs that are widely held within a cultural group and guide the social interaction.
Independent or interdependent
Individual rights or protect the family
Egalitarianism or authoritarianism
Epistemology
Preferred ways of gaining knowledge.
Intellectual (cognitive)
Emotion or intuition (affective processes
A combination of both
Ontology
How a culture views the nature of reality.

49. Misc/chief Seattle Environment Speech
The alt.folklore.urban newsgroup discusses the "whatever we do to the web we do to ourselves" Category Society Ethnicity native americans People Chief Seattle...... gave in 1854, extolling the virtues of living in harmony with nature, has become Butnative americans aren't happy with the cooption of their spiritual
http://www.urbanlegends.com/misc/chief_seattle_environment_speech.html
The AFU and Urban Legend Archive
Misc

chief seattle environment speech Select a topic Home Searches AFU FAQ AFU Animals Books Celebrities Classic Collegiate Death Disney Drugs Food GIF Language Legal Medical Misc Movies Politics Products Religion Science Sex Songs TV Other sites
From: mrjones@nando.net (MrJones)
Newsgroups: alt.folklore.urban
Subject: Re: Faq comments, plus some more UL's
Date: 31 Aug 1994 15:26:22 -0400
[lots o'text deleted]
Just like Elvis and Marilyn, Chief Seattle's notoriety after his death has eclipsed his fame in life. The eco-sermon this nineteenth-century tribal leader gave in 1854, extolling the virtues of living in harmony with nature, has become part of environmental lore. The speech is quoted everywhere. Even mythologist Joseph Campbell and Prince Philip have referred to it. And this past April [1992], it was reverentially recited by leaders at Earth Day gatherings around the world. No doubt about it. Chief Seattle is the ecology movement's patron saint. Except for one niggling detail: It's all bogus. How this myth was perpetrated and how Chief Seattle's original message was distorted is like the kid's game of telephone played out over decades. Environmentalists, of course, see no harm in canonizing Chief Seattle. But Native Americans aren't happy with the cooption of their spiritual ethos by American culture.

50. Just Too Good To Be True :: The Chief Seattle Speech
19thcentury Suquamish Indian's plea for living in harmony with nature. The public'sappetite for environmentally correct native americans is apparently
http://www.synaptic.bc.ca/ejournal/newsweek.htm
The eJournal website
Critical Thinkers Resources At war with Iraq...again
Critical Texts for Critical Times
eJournal Photos Travel ... Search
Chief Seattle :: Just Too Good to be True State Library Back to Letter Critical Thinkers Chief Seattle "Just Too Good to Be True:
another reason to beware of false eco-prophets"
by Malcolm Jones Jr. with Ray Sawhill
Newsweek, May 4, 1992
Michael Her Many Horses remembers the first time he doubted Chief Seattle's famous speech about caring for the planet. It was a TV program about the Northwest rain forest. The narrator quoted the 19th-century Suquamish Indian's plea for living in harmony with nature. "My reaction was that here's a guy that understood what the environment could provide for his people," recalls Her Many Horses, executive director of the Oglala Sioux [sic] tribe on the Pine Ridge (S.D.) Reservation. But somehow the chief's words didn't ring true. "It made me feel good, but it seemed too perfect." It is too perfect. Chief Seattle did give a speech in 1854, but he never said "The earth is our mother." He never said "I have seen a thousand rotting buffaloes on the prairie, left by the white man who shot them from a passing train." The chief lived in the Pacific Northwest. He never saw a buffalo.

51. Books: Up In Smoke (Tucson Weekly . 12-28-99)
By contrast, native americans have been, since time immemorial, intuitive,spiritual ecologists who live in harmony with nature.
http://weeklywire.com/ww/12-28-99/tw_book.html
Up In Smoke
By Randall Holdridge The Ecological Indian: Myth and History, by Shepard Krech III (Norton). Cloth, $27.95. ON A RECENT August morning, members and guests of the Santa Cruz River Alliance stood in the beating sun near the dry riverbed south of Tucson and listened attentively to a good-natured scolding from a well-spoken representative of the Tohono O'odham. The themes were familiar. White people tread heavily on Mother Earth, treating her natural resources with callous disrespect. By contrast, Native Americans have been, since time immemorial, intuitive, spiritual ecologists who live in harmony with Nature. Meekly chastened, the audience greeted its polite dressing-down with applause. The Ecological Indian is a densely documented analysis of the sources for and accuracy of such claims. It's a fascinating topic, and even if this brief book weren't so readable, it would still be worth the time to study Shepard Krech's tour-de-force exercise in logical argumentation. It is refreshing to see historicist theorizing combined with a respect for the classical rules of clear thinking. According to Krech, the currently popular image of the "ecological Indian" is a recent construct derived from "Keep America Beautiful" advertising campaigns of the 1970s, but with deep contextual roots in European self-criticism dating back several centuries. In North America, the literary and political interests of whites, typified by James Fenimore Cooper and Boy Scout founder Ernest Thompson Seton, established a powerful line of not inaccurate but essentially mythic perceptions of the "Noble Indian." Many Native Americans, Krech claims, have been culturally co-opted by uncritical acceptance of this image, and consequently marginalized or pitted against one another in important debates regarding tribal resource issues.

52. Native Voices Product 3
A Good Medicine Collection—Life in harmony with nature Order. Illustrated quotationsfrom traditional native americans on educating young people using
http://www.nativevoices.com/Myths & Legends.htm
Native Voices
www.nativevoices.com Ecology Issues Cherokee Culture Children's Books ...
Bargain Books
New! Animal Energies Order
The medicine powers and qualities of nearly 60 animals, insects, and swimmers commonly found in North America - communicating with these beings and relating to their energies 40 pgs - #DO1 - $4.95 American Indian Trickster Tales Order Richard Erdoes, Alfonso Ortiz More than 100 tales from 55 different tribes, recounting the often outrageous antics of various trickster figures. Read about the infamous Coyote, the spider-man Iktomi, the Cheyenne daredevil Veeho, and others. With delightful and amusing line art drawings. 298 pgs - #277714 - $13.95 The Book of Ceremonies Order Gabriel Horn Enter the realm of magic and mystery, moonlight and myth in this beautiful tapestry of stories and short pieces that show the sacred Native way of life. There are ceremonies for marriage, birth, death, divorce, dreams and visions, solstice and equinox, healing, and more. With illustrations. hardcover 246 pgs – #310624 – $20.00

53. Columns Language Police Use Excessive Force
native americans in rural settings on reservations. native americans portrayed aspeople who live in harmony with nature. AsianAmerican people images to avoid.
http://www.sptimes.com/2003/03/02/Columns/Language_police_use_e.shtml

54. Here's My Beef By Tom Duffey
understanding of, and close ties with the creatures and cycles of nature priorto European settlements, the native americans lived in harmony with nature.
http://www.alternativesmagazine.com/01/duffy.html

Home
Articles by Topic Events Advertisers ... Ad Info Spring 1997
Issue 1 Opening Thoughts Ninety-Nine
by Richard Baynton One Man's Antidote for Salem
by John Rude Socially Responsible Business Practices, Salem Style
by Susan Cassuto Here's My Beef
by Tom Duffey "EarthSave" Salem Chapter
by Carolyn Berry WE (Willamette Eco-Alliance) Has Arrived
by Laine Young A Return To The Garden - Nature, The Divine Healer
by Michelle Catalani-Stringham Opal Creek Preserved
by Michael Donnelly Leadership From A Pure Heart by Jacqueline Mandell Transformation - The Way Through by Helen Jeanne Bibelheimer Salem Spring Without Allergies by Kathy West Wallamet Valley Environmental Center Invites Your Energy by Peter Moore Here's My Beef by Tom Duffey "Imagine how many starving world populations could be lifted out of their subsistent dietary levels if the millions of acres of land devoted to growing corn for livestock feed were diverted to growing food for people."

55. Literature Connections
artwork whose patterns of nature point to the harmony and mystery of nature. ofmyths and tales that focus on the native americans’ relationship with
http://www.teachlearncelebrate.com/literarytime/bookcategories/natamericans.html

PreK
Grades 1 Spec Ed Mid School ... Yng Adult
Native Americans

Information Resources - Library/Intermediate - Grades 3-5
Suggested by Joyce Roth
One Small Blue Bead
Baylor, Byrd. Illustrated by Ronald Himler. 2ed. Scribner, 1992.
Buy this book now from Amazon.com.
The Woman Who Fell from the Sky: The Iroquois Story of Creation
Bierhorst, John. Illustrated by Robert Andrew Parker. NY: Morrow, 1993.
Buy this book now from Amazon.com.
Native American Stories
Bruchac, Joseph, ret. Illustrations by John Kahionhes Fadden .Golden, CO: Fulcrum,1991. Buy this book now from Amazon.com. North American Indian Murdoch, David. NY: Knopf, 1995.Eyewitness Series Uses the tools of the archeologist and historianbeautiful color artifactsto establish a museum tour that transports the reader from the first Americans to modern times. Includes a two-pagespread about the California hunters and gatherers. Buy this book now from Amazon.com.

56. PERFORMANCE OPTIONS
As North America's long established first inhabitants, native americans lived inrespectful balance with Sharing harmony with nature and understanding the
http://www.jackgladstone.com/media/perfopts.html
PERFORMANCE OPTIONS
As a singer, lecturer and storyteller, Jack offers a variety of performance options depending upon your programming needs. All of Jack's performances feature an interweaving of story and song. The multi-media presentation combines stories, historical narrative, visual images and songs, providing an overview of American Indian culture. This production is effective when presented in large or small, formal or informal settings.
Concerts focus on the music, using narrative to introduce and connect song segments. Lectures emphasize the narrative, utilizing the songs to focus on and make transitions between key points. A one-hour lecture, for example, would include approximately four songs. School programs also interweave story and song, with vocabulary and program content geared to the specific age group (i.e., elementary, secondary).
Residency/Community Outreach Packages
For the most cost effective plan, and for the greatest impact upon a community, you may wish to consider a residency package. A full-day residency entails up to three performances in one day, using any combination of lectures, school programs, concerts and the visual production. The cost of a residency package can be split among two or more sponsors or presenters. Multiple-day residency packages are also available. This works very well to have several days of school programs, concluding with an evening multi-media show.

57. Greening Of America
Environmental historians are also challenging the myth that America was the landin which native americans lived in complete harmony with nature before the
http://www.treekeepers.org/greening_of_america.htm
The Greening of America's Past Environmental scholarship is offering a fresh perspective on the nation’s fragmented history By Alvin P. Sanoff Donald Worster was at Yale in the late ‘60s working on a doctorate in intellectual history when he found himself drawn to the burgeoning environmental movement. He began looking for some historical context in which to understand environmental issues of the day, but it soon became apparent that nature had been left out of the American story. When he shifted his scholarly interests to an exploration of the nation’s environmental past, his fellow graduate students were dubious and amused, wondering whether he planned to write history from the viewpoint of bears. Twenty-five years later, they are no longer laughing. Environmental history today is a major intellectual force that is altering the nation’s understanding of its past. Some scholars even argue that it is laying the foundation for a new synthesis in the badly fragmented field of U.S. history, where academicians have become divided over such issues as race, gender, and class. Environmental historians circumvent these conflicts by focusing on the interaction between humans and nature instead of looking at history primarily through the experiences of different and often warring groups. “Environmental history fights the tendency to reductionism and specialization that has been one of the besetting vices of the academy over the past 30 or 40 years,” argues University of Wisconsin historian William Cronon.

58. Living In Harmony -- Game Rules
Kumeyaay (koo'me-eye); native americans who once roamed the San Diego region andsurrounding lands. The Kumeyaay lived in harmony with nature, relying on the
http://www.kn.pacbell.com/wired/kumeyaay/teacher.htm
  • What instructional benefits will be gained by playing?
  • Who can they contact for help or practice before the game?
  • What do Teachers need to know to play and direct this game?
Overview Instructional Objective Learners Context ... References
Overview
Living in Harmony: The San Diego Kumeyaay
consists of a website and game that tell the story of the San Diego Kumeyaay (koo'-me-eye); Native Americans who once roamed the San Diego region and surrounding lands. The Kumeyaay lived in harmony with nature, relying on the things that nature provided in order to survive including the water, animals and especially plants.
The main component of this website is an interactive game created using The Palace , a multiuser graphical chat environment. Students interact with a chat facilitator, and each other, while they explore various aspects of the Kumeyaay lifestyle in an 'edutaining' environment. Possible activities include online events in which students, teachers, and others interested in Native American or California history can participate.
Instructional Objective and Learners
California history is the focus of history-social science instruction at grade 4. The history of California is the story of successive waves of immigrants from the 16th century through modern times and of the enduring marks each left on the character of the state. Great emphasis is placed on the regional geography of California. As part of the grade 4 curriculum standards, student are required to analyze the different regions and the interactions of physical characteristics and cultural forces and how the landscape of California has provided different resources for different people at different times, from the earliest to the present.

59. Reason Magazine -- Rational Natives By Terry L. Anderson
of Indians' use of fire, land, and hunting stand in stark contrast to the romanticview of native americans living in harmony with nature, taking only what
http://reason.com/0003/bk.ta.rational.html
R EASON * March 2000 Rational Natives By Terry L. Anderson The Ecological Indian: Myth and History , by Shepard Krech III, New York: W.W. Norton, 318 pages, $27.95 One of my favorite places in Montana is Madison Buffalo Jump State Park near the Three Forks of the Missouri River. Standing in front of this cliff over which Indians drove buffalo for hundreds of years, I imagine the sound and sight of a thundering herd of the half-ton animals plunging over the cliff. Many would die from the fall, others would be crippled and have to be killed by Indians below, and some would crawl off to die. Signs at the park describe how the buffalo jumps were organized and depict how each part of the animal from the meat to the hoof to the hide was used. Framed by Montana's famous Big Sky and the Tobacco Root Mountains, the site can't help but conjure up a romantic image of American Indian life. Shepard Krech's The Ecological Indian paints a very different pictureone far less romantic but more realistic. The Blackfoot word for such a place is piskun , and its literal meaning, "deep blood kettle," accurately describes the scene. Imagine 30, 60, 100or even 1,000dead and maimed beasts piled at the bottom of the cliff, blood flowing, hooves kicking, carcasses rotting in the hot sun. This is what you actually would have seen at a typical buffalo jump 250 years ago. Imagine the difficulty of butchering and preserving the meatKrech estimates that if 600 died, the total could be as high as 240,000 pounds.

60. Native American Oral Literatures
Many of these stereotypesthat Indians were in perfect harmony with nature; thatthey what students in fact think they know about native americans, and I
http://www.georgetown.edu/faculty/bassr/heath/syllabuild/iguide/nativetr.html
Native American Oral Literatures
Contributing Editor: Andrew Wiget
Classroom Issues
Teachers face a number of difficulties in bringing before their students something as unfamiliar as Native American oral literatures. The problems will vary, of course, from situation to situation. Jeanne Holland's article in the Bibliography on page 13 outlines some of the difficulties she faced in using the first edition of this anthology, some of which we have tried to remedy in this second edition, others of which I addressed in a recent issue of The Heath Anthology of American Literature Newsletter (see Bibliography). Native American Literature and Ruoff's American Indian Literatures constitute a very valuable core of essential reference works. Instructors should also consult the Smithsonian's new, multivolume Handbook of North American Indians , for its many articles on the history and culture of specific tribes and its extensive bibliographies, and Murray (1990) for a thorough discussion of how the dynamics of the translation/transcription situation shape the text we read. culture . Culture is a system of beliefs and values through which a group of people structure their experience of the world. By working with this definition of culture, which is very close to the way current criticism understands the impact of ideology upon literature, we can begin to pluralize our notion of the world and understand that other peoples can organize their experience in different ways, and dramatize their experience of the world through different symbolic forms. If time is available, I would highly recommend that the class view "Winds of Change," a PBS documentary that dramatizes the adaptability of contemporary Indian cultures, and goes a long way toward restoring the visible presence of Indian diversity.

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