81. CPEP Fusion Web Site source. For other CPEP copyright permissions, email fusion@cpepweb.org.Search FusEdWeb. This Page Last Revised 18Dec-00. Dept. of energy. http://fusedweb.pppl.gov/CPEP/Chart.html

Welcome to the CPEP Fusion Site! CPEP Fusion Site Menu (This page would look much better if you had a frames-capable Web browser.) http://FusEdWeb.llnl.gov/CPEP/ fusion@cpepweb.org Search FusEdWeb This Page Last Revised 18-Dec-00. Contact: Robert Heeter, heeter1@llnl.gov Send Comments and Questions Here Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) operated by the University of California for the U.S. Dept. of Energy Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL) operated by Princeton University for the U.S. Dept. of Energy This work was performed in part under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by University of California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract No. W-7405-Eng-48.

82. Ippex Online - Interactive Plasma Physics Education Experience (plasma Physics A everyone electricity, magnetism, energy an fusion. Use the menu from electricity, magnetism, energy, and fusion. Please visit the to learn about Plasma and fusion Containment. http://ippex.pppl.gov/ippex

IPPEX Online The Interactive Plasma Physics Education Experience http://ippex.pppl.gov The LEADING PLASMA PHYSICS EDUCATION SITE FOR STUDENTS ONLINE!! This page will automatically redirect you to the new site in 10 seconds If it does not please click IPPEX Online , or you can follow the links at the bottom. The site has undergone a Redesign. http://ippex.pppl.gov/ippex has changed to http://ippex.pppl.gov . Please make note of this change. home about fusion interactive physics ask a physicist ... site map

83. General Atomics Fusion Group Educational Home Page resources for teachers and students; links to a more technical GAT fusion siteCategory Science Physics nuclear fusion Education...... Build an Atom demo is available here. Go to http//fusion.gat.com for technical informationabout work in the high temperature fusion Group of General Atomics. http://fusioned.gat.com/

Welcome! Information you will find on this site: An explanation of the fusion process Detailed information about the DIII-D Tokamak Teacher Resources: activities, workbook, Plasma Institute 2000 DIII-D Facility tour information Relevant news about the GA Fusion Education Build-it Day For additional Fusion Education Material, go to the Plasma Outreach Site To use some aspects of this site you will need the Adobe Acrobat Reader. If you have a question about high temperature fusion, just ask the wizard A Flash 4.0 version of this page is available here Build an Atom demo is available here Go to http://Fusion.gat.com for technical information about work in the high temperature Fusion Group of General Atomics. ©1996-1999 General Atomics. Last update The Web Team

84. Environmental Organization WebDirectory - ScienceEnergy Laboratories Cold fusion Research; Department of energy Office of fusion energy- develop fusion as an environmentally attractive, commercially viable, and http://www.webdirectory.com/Science/Energy/Alternative_Energy/Nuclear_Energy/Fus

Science Energy Alternative Energy Nuclear Energy :Fusion Laboratories Cold Fusion Research Department of Energy - Office of Fusion Energy - develop fusion as an environmentally attractive, commercially viable, and sustainable energy source for the Nation and the world. DIII-D Fusion Home Page Fusion Advantages Fusion Research Directory INRS-Énergie et Matériaux ... Madison Symmetric Torus - A reversed-field pinch device at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. MFEDB - Magnetic Fusion Energy Database - The MFE database provides the fusion community with complete sets of experimental data from a variety of machines and discharge conditions. Plasma Science and Technology Directory - Fusion Research and Related Sites Sponsored by Santa Barbara Hotels

85. Energy Web Directory - Nuclear Energy energy Web Directory. nuclear energy. Organizations, groups, companiesor individuals in our links pages are for information only http://www.energy.ca.gov/links/nuclear.html

Energy Web Directory Nuclear Energy Organizations, groups, companies or individuals in our links pages are for information only and are not an endorsement by the State of California or the California Energy Commission and its management or staff. For more information, please see our legal page . Please inform us of any incorrect links, or if you would like to be considered for addition to the Index, send e-mail to boba@energy.ca.gov U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission American Nuclear Society Chapters ANS National Long Island ANS Section Massachusetts Institute of Technology Penn State University ... Atomic Energy Insights monthly magazine discussing nuclear technology and politics Center for Nuclear and Toxic Waste Management International Atomic Energy Agency Nuclear Energy Agency (OECD - France) Nuclear Energy FAQs by John McCarthy, Stanford University ... Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste (U.S. DOE) Palo Verde Nuclear Power Plant Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (US DOE lab dedicated to fusion energy science) Redwood Alliance and REEI Todd's Atomic Page U. S. Department of Energy

86. Basic Nuclear Science Information universe. In fact, nuclear fusion reactions are responsible for theenergy output of most stars, including our own Sun. Scientists http://www.lbl.gov/abc/Basic.html

ABC's of Nuclear Science Nuclear Structure Radioactivity Alpha Decay Beta Decay ... Antimatter Nuclear Structure An atom consists of an extremely small, positively charged nucleus surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons . Although typically the nucleus is less than one ten-thousandth the size of the atom, the nucleus contains more that 99.9% of the mass of the atom! Nuclei consist of positively charged protons and electrically neutral neutrons held together by the so-called strong or nuclear force. This force is much stronger than the familiar electrostatic force that binds the electrons to the nucleus, but its range is limited to distances on the order of a few x10 meters. The number of protons in the nucleus, Z, is called the atomic number . This determines what chemical element the atom is. The number of neutrons in the nucleus is denoted by N . The atomic mass of the nucleus, A, is equal to Z + N . A given element can have many different isotopes, which differ from one another by the number of neutrons contained in the nuclei. In a neutral atom, the number of electrons orbiting the nucleus equals the number of protons in the nucleus. Since the electric charges of the proton and the electron are +1 and-1 respectively (in units of the proton charge), the net charge of the atom is zero. At present, there are 112 known elements which range from the lightest, hydrogen, to the recently discovered and yet to-be-named element 112. All of the elements heavier than uranium are man made. Among the elements are approximately 270 stable isotopes, and more than 2000 unstable isotopes.

87. ThinkQuest Library Of Entries on the principle of nuclear fission. Scientists are working like madmen to makefusion reactors which have the potential of providing more energy with fewer http://library.thinkquest.org/3471/nuclear_energy_body.html

Welcome to the ThinkQuest Internet Challenge of Entries The web site you have requested, Nuclear Physics , is one of over 4000 student created entries in our Library. Before using our Library, please be sure that you have read and agreed to our To learn more about ThinkQuest. You can browse other ThinkQuest Library Entries To proceed to Nuclear Physics click here Back to the Previous Page The Site you have Requested ... Nuclear Physics click here to view this site A ThinkQuest Internet Challenge 1996 Entry Click image for the Site Languages : Site Desciption Nuclear physics remains a hot topic for discussion, especially at this excellent site. Learn the underlying principles of nuclear physics and the history of its development. Discover the uses, from general applications such as medical imaging and radioactive dating, to the more controversial nuclear energy and nuclear weapons. Read the opposing viewpoints people have for and against the use of nuclear energy and nuclear proliferation. Students Johann TJHSST (Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technol VA, United States

88. ThinkQuest Library Of Entries nuclear Waste Storage. Introduction nuclear Waste (types) nuclearWaste (future). © Thinkquest 98, Team 17940 All Rights Reserved. http://library.thinkquest.org/17940/texts/nuclear_waste_storage/nuclear_waste_st

Welcome to the ThinkQuest Internet Challenge of Entries The web site you have requested, Atomic Alchemy: Nuclear Processes , is one of over 4000 student created entries in our Library. Before using our Library, please be sure that you have read and agreed to our To learn more about ThinkQuest. You can browse other ThinkQuest Library Entries To proceed to Atomic Alchemy: Nuclear Processes click here Back to the Previous Page The Site you have Requested ... Atomic Alchemy: Nuclear Processes click here to view this site A ThinkQuest Internet Challenge 1998 Entry Click image for the Site Languages : Site Desciption With the help of chemistry and physics, modern scientists can produce more energy with a tiny radioactive pellet than they can with several tons of coal, gas, or oil. Come visit this well-documented and researched tutorial on atomic science. There is a nice Periodic Table of the Elements. An excellent site and well worth the visit. Students Steven D. Illinois Mathematics and Science Acdemy IL, United States Linus D.

89. Fusion Basics Security Notice fusion Basics fusion energy; Advantages of fusion;How fusion energy is Produced; fusion Reactions; Conditions for fusion; http://www.pppl.gov/fusion_basics/pages/fusion_basics.html

Fusion Basics Fusion Energy Advantages of Fusion How Fusion Energy is Produced Fusion Reactions ... Fusion Power Plant PPPL is funded by the U.S. Department of Energy and managed by Princeton University. About PPPL How to Reach Us News at PPPL ... Home Created: 17 February 1999 Questions or comments: Carol A. Phillips at caphilli@pppl.gov

90. Nuclear Energy Research Initiative Federal energy Research and Development for the Challenges of the Twenty FirstCentury President's Committee of Advisors on Science and Technology http://neri.ne.doe.gov/challenges.html

Federal Energy Research and Development for the Challenges of the Twenty First Century President's Committee of Advisors on Science and Technology Cover / Table of Contents (53KB pdf) Executive Summary (292KB pdf) Ch.1 Energy Challenges And Opportunities (166KB pdf) Ch.3 Energy Efficiency (176KB pdf) ... Appendix E - Report Of The Task Force On Fission and Fusion (357KB pdf)

91. ANS : Constituencies : Professional Divisions : Fusion Energy Division fusion energy Division Home Page. Members focus on the assessment and resolutionof critical developmental issues for practical fusion energy applications. http://fed.ans.org/

Fusion Energy Division Home Page This division promotes the development and timely introduction of fusion energy as a sustainable energy source with favorable economic, environmental, and safety attributes. The division cooperates with other organizations on common issues of multidisciplinary fusion science and technology, conducts professional meetings, and disseminates technical information in support of these goals. Members focus on the assessment and resolution of critical developmental issues for practical fusion energy applications. For more information on fusion, the members and mission of the Fusion Energy Division, click here Downloads: 1999 ANS Policy Statement on Fusion. December 2002 FED Newsletter Questions or comments about the FED web pages? Contact the FED Webmaster

92. Astronomy HyperText Book: Fusion Sequences In Stars All stars derive their energy through the thermonuclear fusion of lightelements in to heavy elements. High temperatures are required http://zebu.uoregon.edu/textbook/energygen.html

All stars derive their energy through the thermonuclear fusion of light elements in to heavy elements. High temperatures are required so that the mutual electrostatic repulsion of the protons in each fusing atomic nucleus is overcome. This requires a high velocity collsion which can only be achieved under conditions of high temperature. The minimum temperature require for the fusion of Hydgrogen is 5 million degrees. Elements with more protons in their nuclei require higher temperatures. For instance, to fuse Carbon requires a temperature of about 1 billion degrees. This sequence is now shown in the animation below. Refer to the legend below for all the animations: Hydrogen To Helium via the Proton-Proton Chain: First Step of the Proton-Proton Chain Narration Second Step of the Proton-Proton Chain Narration ... Narration Hydrogen to Helium via the CNO cycle The Whole CNO Cycle Narration Helium to Carbon: Helium To Carbon Fusion Narration The Electronic Universe Project e-mail: nuts@moo.uoregon.edu

93. Deutsches Museum - Energy Technology The energy of the nuclear binding forces can be used via nuclear fission or nuclearfusion. The exhibition area nuclear energy is thus subdivided into these http://www.deutsches-museum.de/ausstell/dauer/energie/e_energ1.htm

Energy Technology Entrance to the exhibition Nuclear Energy Solar Energy The energy of the nuclear binding forces can be used via nuclear fission or nuclear fusion . The exhibition area Nuclear Energy is thus subdivided into these two topics. After an introduction into the history of nuclear physics and the basic physical principles nuclear fusion is presented first. Nuclear fusion Nuclear fusion means the combination of two separate atomic nuclei into a new one. Since the end of the 40s scientists have used different kinds of experimental set-ups in order to meet the fusion conditions. Today research concentrates on the fusion of the hydrogen isotopes deuterium (D) and tritium (T). The goal is building a fusion power plant for the production of electricity. Plasma Experiment One of the conditions for nuclear fusion are very high temperatures. At these temperatures the hydrogen atoms are ionized, resulting in a so-called plasma. The hot plasma is locked into a "magnetic cage" because it must be kept away from the fusion chamber walls. How this can be done is demonstrated in an experiment ASDEX-Upgrade model (Octant section of the plasma chamber) Original and model experimental set-ups show how the scale of the experiments has grown throughout the some 50 year old history of nuclear fusion. Next to the "Wendelstein IIa" apparatus of the 60s, a magnetic coil of the present experiment "Wendelstein-7 AS" is shown, as well as a working model of the ASDEX-Upgrade experiment (scale 1:1).

94. RadWaste.org - Nuclear Fusion Engineering Technology (Germany); Energie und Umwelt (Germany); EnergyProduction in the Sun by nuclear fusion (US); EU fusion Program; The http://www.radwaste.org/fusion.htm

Search the RadWaste.org database Index: Home Hot topics Recent additions Site map ... Nuclear power utilities Nuclear fusion International organizations Professional societies Environmental organizations Personal pages ... Potassium Iodide Tablets This site is listed in the BBC Education Web Guide. Begin your journey on the internet with The Rail. This is junction 1360 on "The Science Expedition". Nuclear fusion Fusion energy, the awesome power behind the sun and stars, has long been the "holy grail" of nuclear researchers world wide. Its proponents argue the vast potential for cheap, clean energy from hydrogen isotopes extracted from sea water, without the long term radioactive waste associated with nuclear fission. In simple terms, the fusion process works by combining light atoms, such as isotopes of hydrogen, under very high temperatures and pressures to make heavier ones, such as helium. Fission is the opposite: it starts with very heavy atoms, such as uranium, and splits them into two or more pieces called "fission fragments" or "fission products". Both fission and fusion release large quantities of energy, which can be converted into heat and electricity. Nuclear fusion does produce radioactive waste. However, in contrast to fission produced wastes, they are short lived and decay to background levels in a very short time. While great strides have been made over the past few decades, the high cost of research, and very expensive hardware, limits most of the work to multi-national consortia. Current research efforts are focused in two main areas: inertial confinement and magnetic confinement. A third method, so called "cold fusion", had the research community all a-buzz in the early 1990's with the prospect of a much cheaper alternative. Although cold fusion still has its supporters, most of the mainstream scientific community has dismissed it "poor science" (or worse).

95. New Scientist Web Links bombmaker ultimately invested his time in the promotion of peaceful uses for nuclearenergy and even shared Soviet information about nuclear fusion with the http://www.newscientist.com/weblinks/categories/nuclear1.jsp

96. Nuclear Fission, Nuclear Fusion been in part responsible for holding back development of nuclear fission as an energysource, is expected to be at least 100 times smaller in fusion than that http://www.fast-times.com/edge/nuclear.html

Nuclear Fission, Nuclear Fusion Technologies For The New Millenium Forge Ahead As we approach the new millennium, the nuclear age is over half a century old. Nuclear energy, as everyone knows, has vast potential for destruction, through nuclear weapons, but it also has beneficial uses that could make it the great friend of humanity in the next century. Part of this positive potential is due to an entirely new technology, nuclear fusion, which is today one of the hottest research areas in physics. If successful, it could provide the world with an abundant, safe, and non-polluting new energy source in the next century. What is nuclear fusion? The process occurs continuously in the sun and the stars. At the core of the sun, at temperatures of 10-15 million degrees Celsius, hydrogen nuclei are fused together, a process that converts them to helium, a heavier element. This process produces the energy that sustains life on earth. Scientists have been trying for 40 years to harness the power of nuclear fusion on earth. The research has led to the development of plasma physics, an entirely new field of science. (Plasma is called the fourth state of matter, the other three being solids, liquids, and gases.) The most practical method for creating nuclear fusion has proved to be combining the nuclei of two forms of hydrogen, deuterium, and tritium. This has great promise as an energy source for a number of reasons.

97. NNSA - Page Not Found Webmaster webmaster@nnsa.doe.gov. Error 404 Page Not Found. NationalNuclear Security Administration United States Department of energy. http://www.dp.doe.gov/dp_web/

Sorry, the page you're trying to reach is temporarily unavailable or the page may no longer exist. Please try one of the following: Click your browser's Refresh button to try reconnecting. Check the spelling of the URL (web address) to make sure the address is correct. Click your browser's Back button to return to the previous page. Click here to go to the NNSA Home Page Notify the NNSA Webmaster: webmaster@nnsa.doe.gov Error 404 - Page Not Found National Nuclear Security Administration United States Department of Energy

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