21. Primates (prehistoric) -- Tim Roufs -- University Of Minnesota Duluth Kilgore, and Nelson (Belmont, CA Wadsworth / Thomson Learning, 2002).general Information Prehistoric primates. Prehistoric Chart. http://pubinfo.d.umn.edu/cla/faculty/troufs/anth1602/pcprimpr.html

Prehistoric Cultures WebSearch Search this Page Enlarge Fonts ... Z Class: JB TR Week: Spring 2003 Calendar Fall 2003 Calendar Spring 2004 Calendar 11 April 2003 Today in History Today in Headlines Course Information Assignments Case Studies ~ 01 What's New? ~ 02 Favorite Find Dates / Times Exams Extra Credit FAQs Grades ~ grading policies ~ CEE ~ Freshman Seminar Major Discoveries Office Hours, etc. Overview PCforum Questions ? Requirements Schedules Site Information Site Map Special Facilities Syllabus Table of Contents Texts Times / Dates Videos Course Topics TR 01 Introduction / Orientation 02 History of Thought 03 Heredity and Evolution 04 Living Primates 05 Primate Behavior 06 Primate Models 07 Evolutionary History 08 Paleoanthropology 09 Hominid Origins 10 Hunting / Gathering 11 Homo erectus 12 Neandertal / Archaics 13 Homo sapiens sapiens 14 Variation / Adptation 15 Agriculture / Civilizations 16 Final Exam Maps World Africa Botswana Ethiopia France Guatemala Indonesia Kena Mexico South Africa Tanzania World Fact Book Your Nation Country Briefings Other Useful Sites Prehistoric Cultures

22. BUBL LINK / 5:15 Internet Resources: Primates Education and Conservation Institute promoting activities that ensure the wellbeingof chimpanzees, other primates and animal welfare activities in general. http://bubl.ac.uk/link/p/primates.htm

BUBL LINK / 5:15 Catalogue of Internet Resources Home Search Subject Menus A-Z ... About Primates A-Z Index Titles Descriptions Balikpapan Orangutan Survival Foundation Bibliography of General Works in Mammalogy Center for Captive Chimpanzee Care ChimpanZoo ... Primate Society of Great Britain Page last updated: 17 March 2003 Comments: bubl@bubl.ac.uk Balikpapan Orangutan Survival Foundation Non-profit organisation which helps to protect orangutans through projects such as a reintroduction program for confiscated orangutans on the island of Borneo. Offers information on orangutan research, projects and conservation. Author: Balikpapan Orangutan Survival Foundation Subjects: primates DeweyClass: ResourceType: document Location: indonesia, asia Last checked: Bibliography of General Works in Mammalogy This bibliography is designed to guide students in mammalogy to literature in specific areas. The works included are primarily monographic and of wide coverage. It is divided into general areas, such as systematics and nomenclature, anatomy and geography, and mammal groups, including marsupials and monotremes, primates and carnivora. Author: American Museum of Natural History Subjects: mammals, primates

23. Neurosciences Primates Zoology General Primate Nervous System Floyd E Bloom Neurosciences primates Zoology general Primate Nervous System Floyd E Bloom. SubjectNeurosciences primates Zoology general Title Primate Nervous System http://www.lyricsbox.co.uk/Floyd-E-Bloom-Primate-Nervous-System-0444825584.html

Neurosciences Primates Zoology General Primate Nervous System Floyd E Bloom Subject: Neurosciences Primates Zoology General Title: Primate Nervous System Author: Floyd E Bloom Kwan-Hoong Ng Subject Dose in ... L Scarsi Active X-ray Sky... Arnand Faessler Neutrinos in A... M J Rathbone Controlled Releas... ... Jammers Antonius, Klemp Egon...

24. Bio-safety Level 2 human primates. general Information Humans and nonhuman primates aresusceptible to many of the same infectious agents. Some agents http://www.primatesanctuarynsrrp.org/bio.html

Regarding Health Risks in the Handling and Care of Non-Human Primates Compiled and written by: Carol Asvestas, Michelle Reininger and Mary Reininger Protective Clothing Area of Applicability: All facilities caring for non-human primates Purpose To limit the potential of disease transmission between human and non-human primates. General Information Humans and non-human primates are susceptible to many of the same infectious agents. Some agents that cause minimal or no disease in non-human primates can produce severe, even fatal disease in humans and vice-versa. Disease agents can be transmitted between humans and non-human primates by a variety of modes including but not necessarily limited to bites, scratches, respiratory droplets, contact with blood, urine, feces, other bodily fluids or tissues, or contaminated equipment. Procedure Outer Clothing Coveralls, animal care uniforms, or lab coats. Outer clothing must be long-sleeved. Coverall and uniforms must be removed or covered by a clean lab coat before leaving restricted non-human primate holding areas.

25. Retiring Research Primates open line of communication will help the transfer of the primates in question enclosurecosts, the sanctuary will be relieved from cutting into general funds. http://www.primatesanctuarynsrrp.org/retiring.html

Retiring Research Primates: A Simple Way to Success Carol Asvestas, Michelle Reininger and Mary Reininger Finding a Credible Sanctuary Several major research facilities have already been successful in placing retired research primates in credible sanctuaries. The groundwork has already been covered. Facilities wishing to retire primates should contact directors of other facilities to seek advice as to where they have already placed animals. Documents pertaining to sanctuary credibility and references are usually on file and directors and staff members normally have already made at least one site visit to the sanctuary in question. It is advisable to invite prospective sanctuary directors and their care staff to meet with directors and care staff of the research facility. This creates a good long term working relationship, allowing for continual communications between the two parties concerned. This also allows observation of the non-human primates that are to be retired. It is just as important for directors and care staff of the research facility to visit the prospective sanctuary, regardless of visits made by other facility

26. Help Center: General You can help even more by linking your website to Care2's Races (Race for the BigCats, Race for the Rain Forest), Race for the primates and Race for the Oceans http://www.care2.com/help/general/race_logos.html

Email Search Login Home ... Help Logos Link to the Care2 Logo! You can help even more by linking your website to Care2's Races ( Race for the Big Cats Race for the Rain Forest Race for the Primates and Race for the Oceans ) by placing Care2 Race buttons on your website, and placing links to Care2's Races in your emails and e-cards. When doing this, remember, to use your unique tracking code to link to the Races so you can track the progress of your friends. OPTION 1: FOR RACE FOR THE RAIN FOREST COPY THIS: or FOR RACE FOR THE BIG CATS COPY THIS: The link will look like this: Join Care2.com's Race for the Big Cats! or FOR RACE FOR THE OCEANS COPY THIS: The link will look like this: Join Care2.com's Race for the Oceans! or FOR RACE FOR THE PRIMATES COPY THIS: The link will look like this: Join Care2.com's Race for the Primates! OPTION 2: FOR RACE FOR THE RAIN FOREST COPY THIS: www.YourServer.com YourDirectory racebutton1.gif" or FOR RACE FOR THE BIG CATS COPY THIS: www.YourServer.com YourDirectory bigcats1.gif" or FOR RACE FOR THE OCEANS COPY THIS: www.YourServer.com

27. The Evolution Of Chimps Humans as primates About 98.5 % of human genes are identical to that of a chimpanzee's,making chimps the closest living biological general 411 about Chimps. http://www.kn.pacbell.com/wired/fil/pages/listchimpanzch.html

The Evolution of Chimps An Internet Hotlist on Chimpanzees created by Christine Soliman Marymount High School Introduction Chimpanzees Relation to Humans Human Evolution ... General 411 about Chimps Introduction The websites I have listed below are here for YOU to learn and delve into the theory about the evolution of Chimpanzees and exactly how we humans came about. I hope you find these sites resourceful and helpful in your quest to find out WHAT EXACTLY WE EVOLVED FROM!!!! The Internet Resources Chimpanzees Relation to Humans Upright Characters: What Made us Human? - Many characteristics make us different from our ancestors-monkeys- yet we had much in common at one point such as our nervous system and spinal cord. Read this website and you'll find out more about how we evolved from apes! Ape-man Ate Termites - A shocking article from the BBC reveals that a human-like species used various tools to hunt for insects as food. Evidence also supports the idea that the creature was far more sophisticated than science has so far acknowledged. Go on and read about the Ape-man who ate termites! Cretinism or Evilution?

28. GeoZoo's Top 50 Primate Books! general References. • The Pictorial Guide to the Living primates Noel Rowe, RussellA. Mittermeier (Introduction) / Pogonias Pr / August 1996 Check it Out! http://www.geobop.com/GeoBooks/Animals/Mammals/Primates/

Primates The 50 Best Sellers GeoBooks! In association with Amazon.com and added enough additional information to help you shop smarter, leaving you more time to enjoy primates! Track down over 1,000 best-sellers on a wide variety of animal/natural history topics! Pick a Topic! General Reference General Apes Gorrilas Chimpanzees ... Miscellaneous Topics General References The Pictorial Guide to the Living Primates Noel Rowe, Russell A. Mittermeier (Introduction) / Pogonias Pr / August 1996 Check it Out! Our Price: $47.96 Binding #2 Our Price: $55.96 The Primate Anthology: Essays on Primate Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation from Natural History Russell L. Ciochon(Editor), et al / Prentice Hall / August 1997 Check it Out! Our Price: $27.20 Introduction to the Primates Linda E. Curtis(Illustrator), Daris Ray Swindler / University of Washington Press / June 1998 Check it Out! Our Price: $22.00 Apes, Language, and the Human Mind E. Sue Savage-Rumbaugh, et al / Oxford Univ Pr (Trade) / June 1998 Check it Out!

29. Nat'l Academies Press, Nutrient Requirements Of Nonhuman Primates: (2003), Index 174 273 OCR for page 274 274 Nutrient Requirements of Nonhuman primates B Bamboo fats,89, 90 protein, 79, 84 vitamins, 113 water, 152 Browse, general, 96, 186 http://www.nap.edu/books/0309069890/html/273.html

Nutrient Requirements of Nonhuman Primates: Second Revised Edition Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources ( BANR Related Books Openbook Linked Table of Contents Front Matter, pp. i-xx Overview, pp. 1-4 1 Feeding Ecology, Digestive Strate..., pp. 5-40 2 Energy , pp. 41-57 3 Carbohydrates and Fiber, pp. 58-74 4 Protein, pp. 75-86 5 Fats and Fatty Acids, pp. 87-93 6 Minerals, pp. 94-112 7 Vitamins, pp. 113-149 8 Water , pp. 150-158 9 Pathophysiologic and Life-Stage C..., pp. 159-181 10 Diet Formulation, Effects of Pro..., pp. 182-190 11 Nutrient Requirements, pp. 191-194 12 Composition of Foods and Feed In..., pp. 195-258 13 Food as a Component of Environme..., pp. 259-265 Appendix, pp. 266-268 About the Authors, pp. 269-272 Index, pp. 273-286 THIS PAGE You may want to explore these Related Books Openbook Linked Table of Contents Front Matter, pp. i-xx Overview, pp. 1-4 1 Feeding Ecology, Digestive Strate..., pp. 5-40 2 Energy , pp. 41-57 3 Carbohydrates and Fiber, pp. 58-74 4 Protein, pp. 75-86 5 Fats and Fatty Acids, pp. 87-93 6 Minerals, pp. 94-112

30. Viewing List Of Forums - CentralPets.com Mammals Discussion Forums primates, Threads, Posts, Last post. primates general Topics, This boardis for posting topics related to primates and prosimians in general. http://www.centralpets.com/cgi-bin/w3t_mammals/wwwthreads.pl?Cat=1,8

31. Environmental Enrichment For Nonhuman Primates Resource Guide Articles on general Environmental Enrichment is a chapter from Kreger, MichaelD. (March 1999). Environmental Enrichment for Nonhuman primates Resource Guide http://www.nal.usda.gov/awic/pubs/primates/primbiba.htm

Environmental Enrichment for Nonhuman Primates Resource Guide , March 1999 Articles on General Environmental Enrichment "Articles on General Environmental Enrichment" is a chapter from: Kreger, Michael D. (March 1999). Environmental Enrichment for Nonhuman Primates Resource Guide AWIC Resource Series No. 5. U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Library, Animal Welfare Information Center, Beltsville, MD. E-mail: awic@nal.usda.gov The following are links to AWIC and other chapters in this publication: AWIC Main Contents Main Introduction Using this Resource Guide ... Bibliography: Articles or Books/Conference Proceedings AWIC Newsletter Articles Appendix A NOTE: Call numbers are included for publications contained in the collection of the National Agricultural Library (NAL). While NAL does not sell audiovisuals or publications from its collection, materials may be borrowed by interlibrary loan. Borrowing information can be found on the NAL website http://www.nal.usda.gov/ddsb/ Acuna M. (1993). Christmas trees for environmental enrichment Shape of Enrichment NAL call number: HV4737 S53 Descriptors: zoo animals, birds, mammals, Christmas tree as enrichment.

32. Environmental Enrichment For Nonhuman Primates Resource Guide Articles on general Primate Enrichment is a chapter from Kreger, Michael D.(March 1999). Environmental Enrichment for Nonhuman primates Resource Guide. http://www.nal.usda.gov/awic/pubs/primates/primbibb.htm

Environmental Enrichment for Nonhuman Primates Resource Guide , March 1999 Articles on General Primate Enrichment "Articles on General Primate Enrichment" is a chapter from: Kreger, Michael D. (March 1999). Environmental Enrichment for Nonhuman Primates Resource Guide AWIC Resource Series No. 5. U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Library, Animal Welfare Information Center, Beltsville, MD. E-mail: awic@nal.usda.gov The following are links to AWIC and other chapters in this publication: AWIC Main Contents Main Introduction Using this Resource Guide ... Bibliography: Articles or Books/Conference Proceedings AWIC Newsletter Articles Appendix A NOTE: Call numbers are included for publications contained in the collection of the National Agricultural Library (NAL). While NAL does not sell audiovisuals or publications from its collection, materials may be borrowed by interlibrary loan. Borrowing information can be found on the NAL website http://www.nal.usda.gov/ddsb/ Anderson, J.R. and E. Visalberghi (1991). Primate psychological well-being: a comparative approach to environmental enrichment for captive primates Applied Animal Behaviour Science NAL call number: QL750 A6 Desciptors: proceedings, veterinary ethology, behavior, veterinary ethology.

33. Off The Wall - Primates - Books Monkey Manual (1968) Dee Licek general care of primates in captivity 20 years agoMonkeys As Pets (1964 third edition 1951 was first edition) Leonore Brandt http://www.offthewallemporium.com/primates/primate_books.htm

Primate Books Resources for Primate Publications and Recommended Reading Partial List Of Primate Books in my Personal Library Great Apes Species Specific General Light Reading ... Children's Books General Primate Care and Info Murray E. Fowler, DVM ISBN 0-7216-3667-5 The Primate Care Book - A handbook published by the Simian Society of America First Edition - June 1995 Second Edition - October 1997 This is an excellent reference book for the new primate caretaker, as well as the experienced primate keeper, to use as a handy guide. The contents are an invaluable source of information. This book is a must have for anyone even considering adding a primate to their lives. Basic environmental needs and behaviors of various species of primates to medical facts and suggested preventative care are all included in this volume. This second edition has a comprehensible list of additional suggested books to read as well as web sites to visit for further information. You owe it to yourself and a future primate to educate yourself with as much knowledge as possible. The responsibility and commitment to proper caretaking of a primate is enormous. The Primate Care Book is an excellent starting place. Those who already have a primate will find this book to be a great tool as well. Be sure to add this book to your collection today! Almost Human Robert M. Yerkes

34. Bishops Determined To Help General Convention Deal With Divisive Issues house of general Convention. The statement concluded, Our vision of general Conventionincludes of the Communion. A separate petition to the primates of the http://www.episcopalchurch.org/ens/99-018.html

March 18, 1999 TOP STORIES NEWS FEATURES BRIEFS ... Episcopal Church Front Page Episcopal News Service Director: jsolheim@ecusa.anglican.org All ENS material may be reproduced without permission. Please credit Episcopal News Service Bishops determined to help General Convention deal with divisive issues by James E. Solheim (ENS) Bishops emerged from a six-day closed meeting at a diocesan retreat center in Texas expressing a determination to help the church deal more constructively with divisive issues that threaten to split the church. "We are not backing off the issues-but we are exploring different ways to deal with the issues," said Bishop Catherine Roskam of New York in an open conversation with the press at the end of the March 4-9 meeting at Camp Allen near Houston. She said that the conversation among the 140 bishops had "deepened" enough so that they were able to deal with their differences "in an atmosphere of mutual trust." Although last summer's Lambeth Conference of 750 bishops of the Anglican Communion was not on the agenda, the confrontation over the issue of homosexuality at the conference was clearly behind the effort to find a better way to deal with issues, according to several bishops.

35. Conservatives Petition Anglican Primates For Protection Of Orthodox In Episcopal violating the above resolutions and the 2000 general Convention does not take appropriateaction to bring ECUSA into compliance, the primates Meeting should http://www.episcopalchurch.org/ens/99-005.html

Home Conservatives petition Anglican primates for protection of orthodox in Episcopal Church by James Solheim (ENS) Conservatives in the Episcopal Church, alleging that they are "increasingly marginalized and theologically offended," have supported a petition sent to the world's Anglican bishops, asking them for intervention to protect their orthodox status in the American church. The petition was sent in the name of the Association of Anglican Congregations on Mission (AACM), a group of parishes that have left the Episcopal Church. It asks the orthodox bishops of the Anglican Communion for "protection of orthodox Anglicans in the United States until the Episcopal Church of the United States of America is reformed or replaced as a province of the Communion." The petition also asks the primates of the Anglican Communion for "emergency intervention" to protect orthodox believers. AACM's petition to the primates includes almost 200 pages that "recounts the current state of the Episcopal Church and its response to and decisions made" since last summer's Lambeth Conference of Anglican bishops. "It reports with detailed appendix, ECUSA's continued violation of Lambeth resolutions and open rejection of them via specific actions in conflict," including resolutions passed by dioceses. The petition states that the "reformation" of the Episcopal Church must include conformity with resolutions on human sexuality, the authority of Scripture, the authority of primates to intervene and limits of diversity. And it demands that "immediate action must be taken with respect to resolutions and canons to be adopted at the 2000 General Convention."

36. General Information System Center for Research in Contraceptive Reproductive Health general Information. andselection, and fertility testing in small animals and primates. http://www.healthsystem.virginia.edu/internet/crcrh/general.cfm

April 10, 2003 General Information People Training Programs Announcements ... Site Index Search this site: Health System Mission: To develop a human vaccine consisting of one or several gamete associated immunogens which elicit immunological responses that function to prevent fertilization. Mission and Scientific Background Patents, and products MISSION AND SCIENTIFIC BACKGROUND Scientific Background The Center promotes its aims in the following specific ways: The People . The Center has an administrative structure which integrates the activities of a number of seasoned, highly productive Principal Investigators in the field of gamete biology. This multi-institutional, interdisciplinary group of investigators has extensive experience in the molecular basis of spermatogenesis, oogenesis, capacitation and fertilization and in the evaluation of candidate proteins for contraceptive targeting. The Center strengthens their interrelationships and collaborations, oversees the quality of applied research, monitors the development of vaccine formulations, the screening of antagonists, and the testing of contraceptive candidates, and provides effective and reliable management of resources. In addition, outstanding leaders from industry, chemical engineering, reproductive biology, immunology, urology, and obstetrics and gynecology are assembled as members and advisors to the Center. The Environment The Products Education and Career Development of New Investigators . The Center has created an environment for the training of young scientists in the multi-disciplinary fields necessary to successfully identify, validate and evaluate new contraceptive targets for vaccines and antagonists. The Center trains young investigators to translate basic discovery into useful products, and it provides incentives for young scientists trained in ancillary fields to explore research opportunities in contraceptive development to cross-fertilize the field.

37. The Problem With Primates those sweet babies grow up into difficult adults, and as a general rule adult Primatesmay not take well to new people in your life (including spouses and http://exoticpets.about.com/library/weekly/aa072401a.htm

zfp=-1 About Exotic Pets Search in this topic on About on the Web in Products Web Hosting Exotic Pets with Lianne McLeod Your Guide to one of hundreds of sites Home Articles Forums ... Help zmhp('style="color:#fff"') Subjects ESSENTIALS Photo Gallery Exotic Pets 101 Selecting a Pet ... All articles on this topic Stay up-to-date! Subscribe to our newsletter. Advertising Free Credit Report Free Psychics Advertisement The Problem with Primates Reasons to avoid keeping monkeys as pets Join the Discussion "Should Monkeys be Kept as Pets?" Poll Related Resources Legal Issues Selecting a Pet From Other Guides The Problem with Primates in Entertainment - Animal Rights Elsewhere on the Web Pet Monkey: A Reality Check - Monkey Matters Magazine Are You Sure You Want a Monkey? - Simian Society of America Facts About Pet Monkeys - Oregon Primate Rescue Should monkeys be kept as pets? There is something irresistible about an infant monkey or ape - they appear so sweet and helpless, and seem so much like a human infant in many ways. However, those sweet babies grow up into difficult adults, and as a general rule adult monkeys do not make good companions. Their intelligence makes them special, but ultimately makes them a very challenging companion. Commitment Taking on a primate is a long term commitment. A well cared for primate can live anywhere from 20-40 years, and needs your full commitment throughout their lives. A primate cannot do without your attention when life gets busy or circumstances change.

38. Gainfield Conference 2002: General Information we are happy to announce the 2 nd meeting of the 'Gain Field conferences' thatis given the title 'Space coding in primates' to be held general information http://neuro.physik.uni-marburg.de/~bremmer/seeon2002/

nd Gainfield Conference 'Space coding in primates' Kloster Seeon May, 9 th th Sponsored by: Volkswagen Foundation Scope of the conference Therefore, we are happy to announce the 2 nd -meeting of the 'Gain Field conferences' that is given the title 'Space coding in primates' to be held May 9 to 12, 2002, at 'Kloster Seeon', Bavaria, Germany. Like in the first meeting held at Pajaro Dunes, CA, in May 2000, (organized by Richard Andersen and Larry Abbott) the purpose of this conference is to bring together experimentalists and theorists for a meeting focusing on the subject of gain fields and sensory-to-motor-processes. Participants Programme Abstracts Pictures of the conference General information: How to get to the conference site Munich Airport Salzburg Airport German Rail ("Deutsche Bahn - DB") ... Current weather ... The conference is organized by: Frank Bremmer Dept. Neurophysics Philipps-University Marburg Renthof 7 / 202 D-35032 MARBURG, Germany Phone: +49-6421-28-24162 FAX: +49-6421-28-27034 Email: frank.bremmer@physik.uni-marburg.de

39. Primates For Primates Some of the intended benefits for the primates, the general community, the zoovisitingpublic, primate exhibitors and primate welfarists are presented. http://www.lisp.com.au/~primate/matthew.htm

Matthew Crane B.Ec.(Hons), B.Sc. Animal Welfare Unit, NSW Agriculture, Locked Bag 21, Orange, NSW, 2800 Proposed New Standards for Exhibiting Primates in New South Wales Abstract Introduction Why standards for exhibited primates? Development of the proposed standards ... POSTSCRIPT Abstract top This paper examines the proposed new standards for exhibiting primates at zoos and animal parks in New South Wales. It examines why the standards have been developed and looks at some interesting welfare issues which the standards attempt to address. Some of the intended benefits for the primates, the general community, the zoo-visiting public, primate exhibitors and primate welfarists are presented. Some of the difficulties encountered in preparing the standards have revealed deficiencies in published information and in the availability of information about a variety of factors that effect the welfare of primates kept for display. Examples are presented to encourage improvement in understanding of these factors. Introduction top The fact that non-human primates resemble humans in many ways has contributed greatly to their popularity as exhibit animals in zoos and animal parks. People readily empathise with primates and can become deeply concerned about their welfare. There is a growing appreciation that primates are one of the more highly developed groups of animals, having special psychological and social needs. The more advanced mental characteristics of this group arguably give its members a greater potential to suffer if their needs are not met. Consequently there is considerable public interest in the welfare of exhibited primates.

40. Gerald Durrell Jersey Zoo Lemurs Lemurs are primates and the ancient relatives of the other three primates Monkeys, Great Apes and Humans. The evolutionary path http://www.shoarns.com/LemurNotes.html

Lemurs - A Little Background Lemurs are, typically, small furry creatures with long tails and big eyes Lemurs are primates and the ancient relatives of the other three primates - Monkeys, Great Apes and Humans. The evolutionary path of primates is believed to have started out when forward facing eyes evolved allowing stereoscopic vision and claws evolved becoming more hand-like allowing clasping - both giving advantages when climbing. The name, lemur, is derived from the Latin word, lemures, which means "ghost". Lemurs are often nocturnal animals, and travel through the forests at dusk and dawn in search mainly of fruits, leaves and tree bark. Lemurs seen in captivity have learnt that they are safe in their enclosures and can be active during daytime. Lemurs live on Madagascar or on the nearby Comoro Islands both off the East coast of Africa. Madagascar is the worlds fourth largest island. Its area is four times that of England and Wales. 50 million years ago Madagascar and Africa were joined. Monkeys apes and humans had not yet appeared on the Tertiary scene but lemurs had already evolved - the fossil records showing them existing in England ,France and North America - they were a relatively successful evolutionary group up to recent times. Some 20 million years ago Madagascar separated from Africa, isolating Madagascar, leaving more highly developed primates to evolve elsewhere.

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