21. NATIVE-L (July 1993): Re: Film Festival Re. Indigenous Peoples indigenous peoples. from the 60's and 70's is very focused on Bolivian indigenouspeople most famous films (and the names of other films as well) are in quechua. http://nativenet.uthscsa.edu/archive/nl/9307/0035.html

Re: Film festival re. Indigenous Peoples Pam Wilson pswilson@macc.wisc.edu Wed, 7 Jul 1993 20:05:00 CDT Articles sorted by: [ date ] [ thread ] [ subject ] [ author ] Next article: Third World Network: "call to stop human genome project" Previous article: Schwarzbauer Peter: "Letter campain to the Pope" I forwarded the original post on this topic to the SCREEN-L list, and I received this response through email, which I am forwarding since I no longer have the address of the original poster. If anyone has saved that, could you please relay this to them? Thanks. cthompso@popserver.cc.gettysburg.edu I am sending you this response to your request for suggestions for the festival. My first suggestion is that a unit on Latin American native people be included. Specific materials and individuals. (1) Although now inactive as far as I can tell, the Bolivian UKAMAU group from the 60's and 70's is very focused on Bolivian indigenous people. In fact, also the name of the group and the name of one of their most famous films (and the names of other films as well) are in Quechua. I

22. NATIVE-L (October 1993): AI On Indigenous Peoples The war on drugs has also taken its toll on indigenous lives, especially becausemany indigenous peoples live in drugs growing areas. A quechua leader in http://nativenet.uthscsa.edu/archive/nl/9310/0165.html

AI on Indigenous Peoples Human Rights Coordinator hrcoord@igc.apc.org Wed, 27 Jan 1993 14:58:00 PDT Articles sorted by: [ date ] [ thread ] [ subject ] [ author ] Next article: Human Rights Coordinator: "Who Are the Indigenous?" Previous article: Human Rights Coordinator: "Re: NGO Working Party" Subject: AI on Indigenous Peoples /* Written 7:52 am Oct 11, 1992 by hrcoord@igc.apc.org in igc:hr.news */ /* Written 10:05 pm Oct 10, 1992 by aiusala@igc.apc.org in igc:ai.general */ Tuesday October 6, 1992 THE AMERICAS: AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL CALLS FOR END TO CENTURIES OF ABUSE OF INDIGENOUS HUMAN RIGHTS The time has come for governments throughout the Americas to stop turning their backs on the human rights of indigenous peoples and end the hundreds of years of violations they have suffered, Amnesty International said today as it launched its latest report in Mexico City. "For centuries, governments have often treated the rights of indigenous people with contempt," Amnesty International said. "Torturing, 'disappearing', and killing them in the

23. Shamupailla Translate this page indigenous peoples of Latin America - from UT-LANIC Ecuador Tierra Hermosa (indigenousPeople Information) Andean Language Resources. Cyber quechua quechua http://www.geocities.com/rainforest/vines/4617/

Shamupailla Mashicuna The Andes Gateways Language Resources Ecuador Gateways Indigenous Communities Work/Study in Ecuador News ... Travel Native America Cultural Institutions Events Gateways to the Andes Cultura Andina (Red Científica Peruana's Buscador Yachay) Cultures of the Andes/Culturas de los Andes Indigenous Peoples of Latin America - from UT-LANIC Ecuador: Tierra Hermosa (Indigenous People Information) Andean Language Resources Cyber Quechua Quechua Language Homepage by Barry Brian Werger American Indian Languages (A Web of On-Line Dictionaries) Living Languages of Ecuador Indigenous Languages - from UT-LANIC Quechua Language Programs: Quechua Language Programs around the World Ecuadorian Quechua Quechua from Cuzco Bolivian Quechua Gateways to Ecuador Ecuador: Tierra Hermosa ECUANET Ecuador - from UT-LANIC Ecuador Red Científica Peruana Ecuadorean Indigenous Communities Saraguro, Ecuador The Inca Occupation of Saraguro, Ecuador Saraguro Otavalo, Ecuador Otavalo, Valle del Amanecer Gateway Indigenous Peoples of Ecuador Work/Study in Ecuador Centro de Estudios Interamericanos - Cuenca Estudie la Lengua Quichua y viva la Cultura Andina en el Ecuador Ecuadorean Newspapers El Comercio El Mercurio - Cuenca Incluye "Enlaces con Cuenca".

24. NativeWeb Resources: Websites Hosted On NativeWeb indigenous peoples. indigenous peoples in Ecuador, quechua, SouthAmerica, 911. Resources on indigenous peoples in Ecuador. Instituto http://www.nativeweb.org/hosted/index.php

Home Login Contact Us Resources for Indigenous Cultures around the World Resources Community Services About Us Resource Center Internet Links Nations Index Geographic Region Index Search the Site ... Top 5 Percent Hosted Resources Hosted Pages NativeLaw News NativeTech Site Information Get your FREE EMAIL @NativeWeb.Net! Community About Us Hosting Information ... Resource Database Websites Hosted on NativeWeb NativeWeb hosts the following organizations and materials on our web server. We actively seek to expand these services to native and Indigenous peoples and organizations. For more information on this project or if you are interested in having NativeWeb host a web site for you, please see the information on Hosting for Web Pages Containing Indigenous Material . Other material, including speeches, statements, articles, essays, declarations, manifestos, papers, and historical documents, are available at . If you would like to help with this project, either consult the Volunteer Page or email us at volunteer@nativeweb.org

25. NativeWeb Resources: Aboriginal & Indigenous Nations to the Amazon of Ecuador, quechua, South America, The Confederation of the NationalitiesIndigenous to the achievements in defense of Amazonia and her peoples. http://www.nativeweb.org/resources/organizations/aboriginal_indigenous_nations/

Home Login Contact Us Resources for Indigenous Cultures around the World Resources Community Services About Us Resource Center Internet Links Nations Index Geographic Region Index Search the Site ... Top 5 Percent Hosted Resources Hosted Pages NativeLaw News NativeTech Site Information Get your FREE EMAIL @NativeWeb.Net! Community About Us Hosting Information ... Organizations Resources: 85 listings Name and Description Nation Location Hits Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission is Australia's main Indigenous agency. ATSIC's site is an important international resource for information on Indigenous programs, activities and issues. Aboriginal Nurses Association of Canada Canada ANAC is a non-governmental, non-profit organization whose membership works mainly in First Nations Communities. An affiliate group of the Canadian Nurses Association, it is the only Aboriginal professional nursing organization in Canada. Canada The Aboriginal Services Kiosk has information on services, programs and people to support First Nations and Métis People. Right now the information is only for services in Regina, Saskatoon and Prince Albert, but at a later date, we hope to expand this site to include information on aboriginal services from all across Saskatchewan. Akwesasne Mohawk US - Northeast Akwesasne Mohawk Territorys' Premier website (the US/Canadian border runs thru Akwesasne territory) Alaska Community: Matanuska-Susitna Valley Alaska Information about (1) Alaskan Natives: Yupik Inupiat Aleut Tlinget Haida Athabaskan Native Americans Non-Native, and (2) people in the Matanuska-Susitna Borough: Wasilla Palmer Houston Big Lake Butte Willow Knik Tallkeetna Trapper Creek Chickaloon Meadow Lakes

26. INDIGENOUS-FOLKLORE-TRADITIONS outside world on an isolated indigenous tribe, the Many native peoples of the BrazilianAmazon have The quechua Presented by Granada Television International http://www.latinamericanstudies.villanova.edu/media/indigenous.htm

Log on Media Resources-Latin America Feature Films Historical Videos Videos on Indigenous Peoples Videos on Current Issues ... Slides Latin American Studies Program Requirements Courses Faculty ... Resources Villanova University Prospective Students Students Parents INDIGENOUS-FOLKLORE-TRADITIONS City of the Gods Hosted by John Rhys-Davies Presented by New Dominion Pictures ; in association with the Archaeological Videocassette (VHS)(28 min.) Location: Instructional Media Services Call Number: VT1186 VHS Murals found at Teotihuacán site provide archaeologists with information about this ancient metropolis. Notes: Episode from the television program Archaeology. Credits: Host, John Rhys-Davies; Producers, Tom Naughton, Nicolas Valcour ; director, Bertrand Morin ; writer, George Bledsoe. The Fall of the Maya An ARKIOS Production in association with the Archaeological Institute of America at Boston University and The Learning Channel. Videocassette (VHS)(23 min.) Distributed by Devillier/Donegan Enterprises, c1993.

27. The Library Maya Peru Online PreColumbian stone statue, San Agustín, Colombia quechua LanguageHomepage RCP - Nuevo PERU Home Page. Literature of indigenous peoples. http://ksplibrary.tripod.com/native.html

Aboriginal Links Geneology Native American Genealogy How To Guide for Native Americans NA Ancestry - Lisa Mitten Native Peoples Aboriginal Rights Coalition of Victoria Aboriginal Sites Aboriginal Studies WWW Site Aboriginal Youth Network ... Creative Nation - Aborigines The Incas Aymara's Page Cultures of the Andes, Quechua, Songs, Music, Poems, Stories, Photos Inca / Maya Peru Online ... RCP - Nuevo PERU Home Page Literature of Indigenous Peoples Aboriginal Peoples of the World Best Information on the Net - Languages and Multicultural History Internet Resources History of Biomedicine: Indigenous Cultures ... Stonee's Web Lodge Indigenous Peoples Around the World Indigenous People of Russia Indigenous Peoples' Literature Indigenous Peoples of Mexico Languages Blackfoot Language Kanienkehaka Language Languages Languages of Mexico ... Sign Language Native Leaders ARCHIE BLACKOWL - Cheyenne Chief Joseph, Nez Perce Chief Seattle Bibliography CHIEF SEATTLE'S 1854 ORATION ... Three Noted Chiefs of the Sioux Stories and Legends How Raven Brought Light to People How the Fly Saved the River-Ojibway Little People - Geow-lud-mo-sis-eg: American Indian Story Miracle Buffalo American Indian Story ... The Sun, Moon and Stars (Navajo Story) Indian People Ben Marra Photography Turquoise Turtle JAMES AUCHIAH - Kiowa Jerome Bushyhead, Cheyenne - El Reno

28. The World Bank - Indigenous Peoples attempt at documenting the socioeconomic conditions of indigenous peoples using empiricaldata Among the indigenous population, quechua speakers are http://wbln0018.worldbank.org/essd/essd.nsf/28354584d9d97c29852567cc00780e2a/149

29. The World Bank - Indigenous Peoples The bulk of the indigenous population is concentrated in Mesoamerica (close to 18 about20 million, mostly made up of quechua and Aymara peoples) (PAHO 1993 http://wbln0018.worldbank.org/essd/essd.nsf/28354584d9d97c29852567cc00780e2a/01a

30. Language Links - LACS, Univ. Of Michigan Abya Yala Net (information on indigenous peoples in Mexico, Central,and South America) www.nativeweb.org/abyayala/. quechua and Aymara. http://www.umich.edu/~iinet/lacs/quechua/summlang.htm

International Institute, University of Michigan Language Links 1. Language Programs 2. Other Language Pages 3. Dictionary Sites 1. Language Program Links The most comprehensive list of summer programs in less-commonly taught and indigenous Latin American languages offered by U.S. universities is collected by Consortium of Latin American Studies Programs (CLASP) Language Teaching Committee. The CLASP language report for Summer 2002 is at http://www.unc.edu/depts/ilas/clasplist.htm The Center for Advanced Research on Language Acquisition (CARLA) at the University of Minnesota compiles a list of all U.S. courses in "Less Commonly Taught Languages" http://carla.acad.umn.edu/lctl/access.html The Latin American Network Information Center (LANIC) a the University of Texas - Austin has one of the best pages on Latin American languages generally: http://info.lanic.utexas.edu/la/region/languages/ LANIC also has a good page for language programs in Latin America http://info.lanic.utexas.edu/la/region/lprograms/ For Spanish language programs , the most complete site I have found is Planeta.com's Directory of Spanish Language Schools:

31. Andean Links Music, History, Archaeology, Languages, Politics, etcCategory Regional South America Regions Andes Society and Culture...... indigenous peoples in Ecuador, Bolivia and Peru; Libro Paykikin, la última ciudadinca. Book Paykikin, The last Inca City; Photographs of Ayamara and quechua http://www.andes.org/bookmark.html

C ULTURES OF THE A NDES Culturas de los Andes Andean Links New additions added to the bottom of each catagory. Las mas recientes están al final de cada categoría. Andean Music Música Andina Cultures of the Andes, Quechua, Songs, Music, (at This site, with words and audio files) Andean MusicMúsica Andina , Quena instructions, SF Bay area guide.* Some Peruvian Music with sound files, site is in Peru Pueblo Music Web Site , sells andean recordings Wayanay Inka , Nice page, traditional andean music with audio files of complete songs; has a page on Inka culture. * Inti-Illimani , group's web page Echoes Of Incas Album with song samples CD sales : "Music of the Andes" by Capari-Cani Música de Jauja , songs from this Peruvian city Takisuyo - Musica Andina Sukay , This andean group is very popular in North America Sukay at Sirius, sells andean music from Bolivia, also sold at: Sukay at CDNOW Guitares du Quatuor Atahualpa Music of the Central Andes El Rincón Musical Peruano , Huaynos en formato MIDI Rumillajta , with RealAudio files Llajta Música , Bolivian Music Tunari ,Music of the Andes In Australia Pachakuti , Music of the Andes, in Europe, with links Andean Folk Music Group,

32. Amazon Alliance - Amazon Update October 1999 and the possible benefits and threats it poses to Amazonian peoples. In Quito, Ecuador,Cofan, Shuar, Achuar, Siona and quechua indigenous leaders declared http://www.amazonalliance.org/update/1999/upd_oct99_en.htm

About Us Amazon Update Resources Contact Us ... Archive October 1999 Amazon Update October 1999 No. 51 In Brief: Coalition Office News Greetings Alliance Friends and Members: PERU: UNCONTACTED PEOPLES THREATENED BY FOREST CONCESSIONS The Peruvian government has granted forest concessions on territory inhabited by close to 20 uncontacted indigenous groups in the Alto Piedras, Madre de Dios region. The licenses were issued to several international logging companies and represent a major threat to the cultural survival of these indigenous groups and their environment. According to FENAMAD, the Federation of Natives of the Madre de Dios region, "the uncontacted peoples are a sector of the indigenous population, that as a result of previous traumatic experiences, have chosen to live in voluntary isolation in order to avoid contact with the Peruvian society which constitutes a threat to their way of life." FENAMAD has begun a "Campaign for the Defense of the Life of Indigenous Brothers in Voluntary Isolation" and asked for support from the international NGO community. For more information contact FENAMAD at 011-51-84-572-499 or FENAMAD@mail.tambo.com.pe. VENEZUELA: PEMONS PROTEST CONSTRUCTION OF HIGH VOLTAGE POWER LINE ECUADOR: SHUAR PEOPLE WIN COURT'S FAVOR COLOMBIA: GOVERNMENT APPROVES OCCIDENTAL DRILLING LISCENSE ON U'WA TRADITIONAL LANDS COALITION ACTIVITIES * Attended Discussion on Private Sector Finance sponsored by the Friends of the Earth and the National Wildlife Federation, Washington, DC. Sept. 23.

33. Amazon Alliance - Amazon Update November 1996 20,000 Aymara, quechua, and Chimane peoples organized by marches (by lowland indigenous,colonists, cocaleros, Aymara and quechua campesinos) flowing http://www.amazonalliance.org/update/1996/upd_nov96_en.htm

About Us Amazon Update Resources Contact Us ... Archive November 1996 Amazon Update November 1996 No. 19 In Brief Coalition News INDIGENOUS PEOPLES WALK OUT OF THE UN WORKING GROUP CIDOB WINS LAND TITLES IN BOLIVIA In September, Bolivia experienced the biggest indigenous and peasant march to the capital city in this century just prior to a debate by the National congress over a new agrarian reform bill (“Ley INRA”). Over 20,000 Aymara, Quechua, and Chimane peoples organized by the Confederation Unica de Trabajdores Campesinos ( CUSTCB) crowed the streets of this capital for over a week to protest changes in the bill that had violated earlier consensus agreements uniting all Boliva social sectors. The giant march was in practice many simultaneous separate marches (by lowland indigenous, colonists, cocaleros, Aymara and Quechua campesinos) flowing forth from diverse regions of the capital. The marchers from the lowland region of Santa Cruz led by CIDOB (Guaranies, Chiquitanos, Guarayos, Icocenos) were the only group not to reach La Paz yet ironically through astute negotiations were able to walk away with the biggest prize of all, the titling of the 6 indigenous territories and open path for many others within the terms of the new law approved by the Bolivian congress during the protest rallies. BRAZIL RETURNS PANARA INDIAN LAND INDIGENOUS PEOPLES FIGHT AGAINST NEGLECT In reaction to hearing that FUNAI might be closed down, the Xavante Indians of the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso dragged Julio Gaiger (a president of the agency) out into the street to demand that the agency not be closed down but instead be reformed in order to help the Indigenous Peoples of Brazil efficiently. There have been other cases of FUNAI officials being taken hostage by Indigenous groups as a form of protest. The Xavante Indigenous peoples also wrote a letter to the President of Brazil asking that he stop the building of the Tocantins-Araguaia Hidrovia, which passes through their territory and that of other Indigenous Peoples who live along the Rio das Mortes. They stated that if that if action is not taken to stop the waterway, they will fight the government on the project.

34. Rights Of Indigenous Peoples colonial rule by Indonesia, the indigenous nations of Mapuche in Chile and Argentina;quechua in Bolivia Mayan populations in Guatemala; Sami peoples in Norway http://www.stanford.edu/group/smun/oldversion/oldversion/simun98/briefings/indig

Social and Humanitarian Committee: Rights of Indigenous Peoples Nehal Raj, Social and Humanitarian Committee chair In many parts of the world, the dominant ethnic group is different from the native ethnic group of that area. Indigenous (native) peoples often struggle to maintain traditional lifestyles amid a foreign culture, and are frequently subjected to condescension, exploitation and discrimination by the dominant group. The committee will examine ways to increase the voice of indigenous groups in governing their own affairs. We will also attempt to strike a balance between improving indigenous people's standards of living and facilitating interaction with modern society for those who wish it, and preserving traditional ways of life. Recent attempts have been made to precisely define the term "Indigenous Peoples." A report presented to a United Nations body has even proposed a definition of this term that has been used by a United Nations group in its work. In 1982, the United Nations Economic and Social Council (UNESCO), Commission on Human Rights adopted the following definition: Indigenous Populations are composed of the existing descendants of the peoples who inhabited the present territory of a country wholly or partially at the time when persons of a different culture or ethnic origin arrived therefrom other parts of the world, overcame them, and, by conquest, settlement, or other means, reduced them to a non-dominant or colonial situation; who today live more in conformity with their particular social, economic, and cultural customs and traditions then the institutions of the country of which they now form a part, under a state structure that incorporates mainly the national, social, and cultural characteristics of other segments of the population that are predominant.

35. Indigenous Peoples' Rights The foundation will focus on children from the Aymara, quechua, and Amazonian NorthernArizona indigenous peoples Legal Defense Fund A legal effort to halt the http://www.saveourplanet.org/memorgs/indig.html

Education Land Preservation Cultural-Performance Spiritual - Metaphysical Indigenous Peoples' Rights Full organization list Donate Now! Indigenous Peoples' Rights: ActionLA www.ActionLA.org Join thousands in Los Angeles to let the world know that business cannot continue as usual. We demand a total change of priorities from the production of things to the caring for people and the environment. Join us in marches, nonviolent direct actions, and events. ActionLA, the umbrella for ChangeLinks, ActionLA affinity group, LA Taco Bell campaign, and many other LA based activist groups, is calling all concerned individuals and organizations to join us in building unity and mobilizing popular support for Justice, Peace and Democracy. Our vision is to see the efforts of the many struggles for Justice, Peace, and Dignity in this region United and Standing Together to change the world! People and Planet Before Profits! Action Resource Center Action Resource Center (ARC) is an environmental and human rights group whose mission is to spearhead and support campaigns that protect the environment, human rights and social justice; and to provide training and coordination for grassroots organizing, education, and nonviolent direct action. Los Angeles-based environmentalists and human rights activists formed ARC in 1996. We seek environmental justice by actively opposing the destructive operations of multinational corporations and military regimes that repress, oppress, and exploit lands, peoples, cultures, and other life forms.

36. 1Up Info > Peru > Indigenous Peoples | Peruvian Information Resource are also the ones with the highest percentages of quechua and Aymara life as partof the strategy for ruling conquered peoples the indigenous people were http://www.1upinfo.com/country-guide-study/peru/peru55.html

You are here 1Up Info Peru History People ... News Search 1Up Info Peru Peru Indigenous Peoples The word indio , as applied to native highland people of Quechua and Aymara origin, carries strong negative meanings and stereotypes among non-native Peruvians. For that reason, the ardently populist Velasco regime attempted with some success to substitute the term peasant (campesino) to accompany the many far-reaching changes his government directed at improving the socioeconomic conditions in the highlands. Nevertheless, traditional usage has prevailed in many areas in reference to those who speak native languages, dress in native styles, and engage in activities defined as native. Peruvian society ascribes to them a caste status to which no one else aspires. The ingrained attitudes and stereotypes held by the mistikuna (the Quechua term for mestizo people) toward the runakuna (native peoplethe Quechua term for themselves) in most highland towns have led to a variety of discriminatory behaviors, from mocking references to "brute" or "savage" to obliging native Americans to step aside, sit in the back of vehicles, and in general humble themselves in the presence of persons of higher status. The pattern of ethnoracist denigration has continued despite all of the protests and reports, official policies, and compelling accounts of discrimination described in Peruvian novels published since the beginning of the twentieth century. The regions and departments with the largest populations of native peoples are construed to be the most backward, being the poorest, least educated, and less developed. They are also the ones with the highest percentages of Quechua and Aymara speakers. The reasons for the perpetuation of colonial values with respect to autochthonous peoples is complex, being more than a simple perseverance of custom. The social condition of the population owes its form to the kinds of expectations embedded in the premises and workings of the nation's institutions. These are not easily altered. Spanish institutions of conquest were implanted into colonial life as part of the strategy for ruling conquered peoples: the indigenous people were defeated and captured and thus, as spoils of war, were as exploitable as mineral wealth or land. In the minds of many highland mestizos as well as betteroff urbanites, they still are.

37. Rights And Status Of Indigenous Peoples 4.44 million indigenous people, most of them speaking quechua and Aymara, live inthe and the work of a Special Commission of indigenous peoples (CEPI), the http://www.law.harvard.edu/studorgs/hrj/iss12/wiessner.shtml

Rights and Status of Indigenous Peoples: A Global Comparative and International Legal Analysis Siegfried Wiessner I. THE LEGACY OF CONQUEST: A REVIEW A. The United States of America B. Canada C. New Zealand ... IV. CONCLUSION Wounded Knee, the Trail of Tears, the Siege of Cusco endured by indigenous peoples around the world. The focus of the Interna- *** Top of Page 58 *** which has forced itself to the top of the international agenda. Its values could be, and increasingly are, sought-after models for a world drifting slowly, but seemingly inexorably, into alienation. Beyond the cultural sphere, indigenous peoples have reentered the arena of power. Under the battle cries of human rights and self-determination, they have become recognized actors in the world constitutive process. This Article is designed to review the legacy of conquest in various arenas around the planet, and to arrive at a transnationally valid conclusion, if possible, on the status of indigenous peoples under domestic law (Part I); to describe the actors and trends in decision-making in international indigenous law (Part II); and to appraise these developments with particular focus on the issues of conceptualization of indigenous peoples, their claims to self-determination, unique collective rights, as well as innovative avenues of enforcement (Part III). I. THE LEGACY OF CONQUEST: A REVIEW

38. Peru: Indigenous Peoples Still Facing Colour Gap descent, and 36 percent are indigenous peoples who speak weight, the nine millionindigenous Peruvians lack the majority indigeous groups, the quechua and the http://www.converge.org.nz/lac/articles/news990820f.htm

Latin American Report All Poverty Should Not be Treated Equally Poverty in Bolivia to Stay for Generations Regional : X Politics : Military : Environment : Rights : X Education : NZ Links : Aid/Relief : Economics : X Indigenous : X Health : Peru: 20 August 1999 Indigenous Peoples Still Facing Colour Gap By Abraham Lama LIMA, Aug 9 (IPS) - Not one official activity was planned in Peru for the International Day of Indigenous Peoples, an indicator of the marginalisation and discrimination faced by the country's nine million indigenous people. The United Nations (UN) established the date in 1995 as part of the International Decade of the World's Indigenous Peoples (1994-2004). The goal is to strengthen steps taken towards resolving indigenous people's problems in areas such as human rights, environment, education and health. Peru is a multi-ethnic nation of 25 million - 49 percent are mestizo (mixed race), 14 percent are of European, African or Asian descent, and 36 percent are indigenous peoples who speak their native languages. But Peru's large indigenous population suffers a serious situation of social, economic and cultural marginalisation. The government abolished ''the legal mechanisms for the protection'' of indigenous people because it believes their problems ''are an issue that must be resolved within the liberal economic model,'' stated sociologist Flavio Solorzano, of Population and Development, a non-governmental organisation. The 1993 Constitution, which president Alberto Fujimori actively promoted, was a step backwards as far as indigenous rights are concerned, said jurists Ana Maria Tamayo of Peru and Roque Roldan from Colombia.

39. South America quechua, spoken by the Inca, is the most widely spoken language in South America.Since the Spanish conquest indigenous peoples have been used as laborers http://www.indigenouspeople.net/americas/southam/

South America "In the Andes, Nurturance is at the Very Heart of Life" (Land of the Inkas) The indigenous peoples (aboriginal peoples) of South America are found from the Isthmus of Panama to Tierra del Fuego. An estimated 30 million people were living there when the Europeans arrived. In the Andean region extensive remains show developed cultures at Chavín de Huántar and among the Paracas in Peru. The Mochica, Chimu, and Nazca in Peru, the Chibcha and Aymara of the Andes, and the Araucanos and Mapuche of Chile had socially complex pre-Columbian cultures, surpassed only by the Inca. Descendants of these peoples live today in Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, northwestern Argentina, and Chile. Quechua , spoken by the Inca, is the most widely spoken language in South America. Since the Spanish conquest indigenous peoples have been used as laborers, poorly paid and lacking political representation; these conditions of semiservitude are changing slowly. Some, notably the Inca, play a significant role in the national culture; but many live in small, peripheral groups. A few descendants of the Arawaks and Caribs live in Venezuela, the Guianas, and Northern Brazil. The Guaraní in Brazil are few and scattered, but in Paraguay their language is widely spoken and, like Quechua in Bolivia, is the official language of the country.

40. Directory Of Indigenous Peoples' Literature (Sorted By Name) Directory of indigenous peoples' Literature. htm price.htm prisoner.htm proudwar.htmpueblo.htm pumabear.htm purepech.htm qparker.htm quechua.htm quichen.htm http://www.indigenouspeople.net/natbynam.htm

Directory of Indigenous Peoples' Literature (Sorted by Home Page) Return to Indigenous Peoples' Literature Compiled by: Glenn Welker Last Updated: March 23,2001 This site has been accessed times since February 8, 1996.

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