1. Shangaan The Tsonga encompass three subgroups Ronga, Tswa and Tsonga (shangaan). They originatedfrom the same indigenous Bantu peoples who came down from the http://www.imb.org/southern-africa/archive/mozambique/Shangaan.htm

People Profile Click here to see a map of Mozambique The Shangaan Religion: Christianity; Traditional Animism Population: 1,600,000 Status: 56% Professed Christian Location: The greatest concentration of Shangaan people is in the southern Mozambiquan province of Gaza. Smaller concentrations live in portions of the provinces of Inhambane, Maputo, Manica and Sofala. The Shangaan people also live in eastern portions of the Republic of South Africa, and eastern and southern Zimbabwe. There is also a very small population of Shangaan people living in Swaziland. International borders were established long after the arrival of these people in this area of Africa. There are basically no significant concentrations of Shangaan people living in Mozambique north of the Zambezi River, which more or less divides the country in two. The capital city of Maputo is now home to large numbers of Shangaan people as well, despite the major people group of the city being people of the Ronga group. History: It is believed that ancestors of the Shangaan, who now primarily inhabit an area in southern Mozambique, originated farther north nearer the more central part of Africa. As these people moved into the southern area of Africa, they settled in places where they could carry on their traditional and pastoral way of life. More recently, the Shangaan came into their present area from farther south, as Soshangana fled with his people from the Zulu massacres of Shaka. Various clans made up the overall Shangaan people group. These clans were ruled by kings who held absolute authority. All the members of the clan were subject to him and he made all the major decisions. This social structure began to undergo changes as the influence of Portuguese colonialism increased.

2. South African Cultural Tour - Shangaan, Ndebele, Swazi And Zulu. unemployed people locally. indigenous peoples. Ndebele shangaan . Take me to South africa! Add trip to http://www.tribes.co.uk/sa_ci.htm

SEARCH Country: Any Botswana Ecuador Egypt Gambia India Jordan Lesotho Morocco Namibia Nepal Peru South Africa Tanzania Zambia Activity: Any Ancient sites Beach Birdwatching Camel treks Cultural tours Deserts Family trips Hiking Mountains Rainforests Safaris Short Breaks Trekking Wildlife Price: Any Date: Any January Feburary March April May June July August September October November December DIRECTORY Countries Small Group holidays Tailor Made holidays Short Breaks E-NEWSLETTER CONTACT US TRAVEL INFO Health Weather Insurance Security advice ... UNUSUAL REQUEST Cultural Insights COUNTRY: South Africa [ Destination Information BEST TIME TO GO: From October to March is mostly hot and rainy. From April to September it is warm and dry. DURATION: 4 or 6 days TAILOR MADE: This trip can be arranged on a tailor made basis for 2 or more people. Price pp: Let us take you on an exploration of the myths and legends, the customs and traditions of two indigenous cultures. With your own driver/guide you can enjoy finding out about the Shangaan and Ndebele tribes as you visit their communities and meet the villagers. You end this short but fascinating journey at a game conservancy where you will not only see excellent wildlife, but also learn about bush lore.

3. In South Africa, A Birding Safari Via The Land Of Legends & Giants to africa is complete without visiting the famous african arts and craft centres of the local indigenous peoples. exceptional woodcarver and shangaan philosopher is testimony to http://www.earthfoot.org/places/za010.htm

A Birding Safari via Host: Pieter du Plessis When: Anytime Length of tour: Below a ten-day itinerary is proposed but any length of tour can be customized to your needs. Number of guests: 4 to 15 Fee: This depends upon the final customized itinerary. We hope to have a ballpark idea for you for the 10-day itinerary, for 4 people, soon, so please return later for that information. Once we have the fee, you will know that the following items are included in it: Outstanding book on South African birds for each participant Detailed and illustrated itinerary Accommodation with meals as per itinerary Services of a registered tour director Entrances to all parks, gardens and places of interest as per itinerary All porterages for luggage handling included Transport in luxury air-conditioned midi bus with free on board refreshments. Special cool boxes for photographic material while on Safari On-board library – books on birds, wildlife, cultures etc. Free use of specially sensitive outside microphones to monitor the sounds of nature. The following is not included: Laundry, beverages, telephone calls, faxes, E-mail or any other items of personal nature that is deemed as not included as per itinerary

4. Africa Photography. An Outdoor, Wildlife, Travel And Cultural peoples of the South. A very colourful look at the major indigenous cultures of South africa. Zulu, Xhosa, San, shangaan http://roger.africaimagery.co.za/Books.htm

5. VADA - Volken Peoples Tribes R - S BUSHMEN (Zuid Afrika South africa, Botswana). SANANA (Indonesië SHAN (Myanmar). shangaan (Mozambique). SHARANAHUA (Peru) SURCHI (Irak - Iraq). indigenous peoples in SURINAME http://www.vada.nl/volkenrs.htm

VADA - VOLKEREN STAMMEN PEOPLES TRIBES ETHNIC GROUPS R - S Last update: 06-08-2002 R RADE EDE (Vietnam) RA GLAI RA GLAY (Vietnam) RAI (Nepal) RAJASTHANI (India) ... RUTULS (Rusland - Russia, Dagestan, Kaukasus - Caucasia) S SAAM RAI (Nepal) SABAOT (Kenia - Kenya) SABEANS (Sabean Kingdom, Jemen - Yemen) SACHAMAMA (Ecuador) ... SYRIAC PEOPLE SURYOYE RA GLAI (Vietnam) The Ethnic Tribes of Vietnam and their Roots: Ra Glai (Ra Glay, the Krai, the La Vang the No-Ana and the Orang Glai) RAI KULUNGE RAI SAMPANESE RAI SAAM RAI BANTAWA RAI (Nepal) The Kulunge Rai of Nepal The Sampanese Rai of Nepal The Saam Rai of Nepal The Bantawa RAi of Nepal RAJASTHANI (India) The Rajasthani of India See also: Peoples of India RAJBANSI (Nepal) The Rajbansi of Nepal Rapaki RANA THARU (Nepal) Rana Tharu Frauen-Staat entdeckt: Expedition findet ein Dorf ohne Männer RAUNACERS (Europa - Europe) Geografie - R - Raunacers The people of Namibia Information on ethnic groups: The Rehoboth Basters (Basters) See also: Coloureds RENDILLE (Kenia - Kenya) The Rendille of Kenya See also: Kenia - Kenya RENGMA (India) Festivals of the Rengma Tribe Festival of the Rengma Tribe See also: Peoples of India RIANG (India) The Riang of India See also: Peoples of India RIRO (Native American, USA)

6. Community Perspectives -- TBNRM Areas In Southern Africa KOOIJMANS, AND THE NETHERLANDS MINISTER FOR DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION, MR. J.P. of indigenous peoples is given below. This listing which is unavoidably not exhaustive - is confined to africa, Asia Zimbabwe (Tonga, Venda, shangaan), although strictly speaking http://www.bsponline.org/bsp/publications/africa/trans_perspectives/tbnrm_comm_p

Study on the Development of Transboundary Natural Resource Management Areas in Southern Africa COMMUNITY PERSPECTIVES Simon Metcalfe The Biodiversity Support Program BSP Communications Our communications activities are designed to share what we are learning about how best to achieve conservation while doing it. To accomplish this, we try to analyze both our successes and our failures. We hope our work will serve conservation practitioners as a catalyst for further discussion, learning, and action so that more biodiversity is conserved. Our communications programs include print publications, web sites, presentations, and workshops. Visiting BSP Web Sites We invite you to visit our general and program-specific web sites at the following addresses: www.BSPonline.org Biodiversity Support Program www.BCNet.org Biodiversity Conservation Network www.bsp-kemala.or.id/ KEMALA: Supporting Indonesian NGOs for Community Based Natural Resource Management BSP Listserv Register to receive e-mail updates about BSP through www.BSPonline.org

7. Tswa The Tsonga encompass three subgroups the Ronga, Tswa and Tsonga (shangaan). Theyoriginated from the same indigenous Bantu peoples who came down from http://www.imb.org/southern-africa/peoplegroups/Tswa.htm

People Profile The Tswa People Religion: Christianity, Traditional Animism Population: 1,060,000 (1996 estimate) Status: 50% Professed Christianity; 20-25% Evangelical Location: The greatest concentration of Tswa people is in the southern Mozambiquan province of Inhambane. Smaller concentrations live in portions of the provinces of Gaza, Maputo, Manica and Sofala. The Tswa people also live in eastern portions of the Republic of South Africa, and eastern and southern Zimbabwe. International borders were established long after the arrival of these people in this area of Africa. There are basically no significant concentrations of Tswa people living in Mozambique north of the Zambezi River, which more or less divides the country in two. The capital city of Maputo is now home to quite a few Tswa people as well, despite the major people group of the city being people of the Ronga group. Identity: The name of this people in their language is Vatswa. The singular form is Mutswa. They are often referred to, especially by outsiders, as Tswa, following the patterns of English grammar. The Tswa people are part of a larger language/people group called the Tsonga (Vatsonga). The Tsonga encompass three sub-groups: the Ronga, Tswa and Tsonga (Shangaan). These three groups are very similar in practically every respect. They originated from the same indigenous Bantu peoples who came down from the north to inhabit much of what is now called southern Mozambique and portions of several bordering countries.

8. NATIVE-L (July 1993): Dutch Gov't: Indigenous Peoples africa North africa is home to several Berber and Zimbabwe (Tonga, Venda, shangaan),although strictly over 200 different indigenous peoples) constitute some http://nativenet.uthscsa.edu/archive/nl/9307/0074.html

Dutch gov't: indigenous peoples innusuppnl@gn.apc.org Tue, 13 Jul 1993 10:27:00 PDT Articles sorted by: [ date ] [ thread ] [ subject ] [ author ] Next article: ecologist@gn.apc.org: "SSP: SUBMERGENCE " Previous article: Human Rights Coordinator: "Help Hawaiian Sovereignty Tribunal" Note: This is a publication from the Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs / Development Cooperation, which you may find of interest. It was put here for your information by the Innu Support Group. Notes appear at the end. I N F O R M A T I O N Voorlichtingsdienst Ontwikkelingssamenwerking, bezuidenhoutseweg 67, postbus 20061, 2500 EB 's Gravenhage, tel. +31-70-3486486 Number: 11(E) Date: 14 may 1993 INDIGENOUS PEOPLES IN THE NETHERLANDS FOREIGN POLICY AND DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION On 29 March 1993, the Netherlands Minister for Foreign Affairs, Mr P.H. Kooijmans, and the Netherlands Minister for Development Cooperation, Mr J.P. Pronk, sent a memorandum to the Netherlands Parliament, to inform it about the Netherlands Government policy with respect to the issue of indigenous peoples in the context of foreign policy and development cooperation. In the memorandum, the Ministers also respond to the reports

9. Conservation Policy - WWF The Tonga, Venda, Ndau, Ndebele and shangaan people of management regimes used bythe indigenous peoples of the which are now widely use throughout africa. http://www.panda.org/about_wwf/what_we_do/policy/indigenous_people/on_the_ground

breadCrumbs("www.panda.org",">","index.cfm","None","None","None","0"); WWF Working Locally with Indigenous and Traditional Peoples' : Zimbabwe What we do Climate Change Forests Freshwater ... Marine Policy Events Local peoples Macroeconomics Trade ... You can Help! Urge the West Australian Government to reject the proposed marina development on Ningaloo reef. Communal Areas Management Programme for Indigenous Resources (CAMPFIRE) Indigenous Peoples WWF Statement of Principles On the Ground Countries Publications Related Links WWF Projects in Brazil Cameroon Canada Central African Republic ... Thailand Zimbabwe When it was created in 1984, the Zimbabwe CAMPFIRE focused on the communal land areas which had retained significant wildlife resources (14% of Zimbabwe's land area) rather than the state owned and managed Game Management Areas. From the very beginning, the indigenous peoples of these communal areas became the driving force behind the CAMPFIRE programme. The Tonga, Venda, Ndau, Ndebele and Shangaan people of Zimbabwe became responsible for managing their own natural resources and were able to retain significant benefits at the village and ward level. In 1989, the Nyaminyami and Guruve Rural District Councils became the first two districts recognized as the ‘owners’ of the wildlife resources in their communal land areas. By early 1991, a further ten districts had been given appropriate authority, with another 12 at various stages of the approval process. Within four years CAMPFIRE was providing 6.9 million Zimbabwe dollars a year in direct benefits to over 500,000 people. In 1998, it provided Zimbabwe with $70 million (US$1.9 million) in benefits to over three million Zimbabweans in 35 of Zimbabwe's 56 districts.

10. Vulani Joy Gwendoline Baloyi in the Zulu and Tsonga/shangaan translation of Scholarships South africa - MalaysianExchange Programme. The Rights of indigenous peoples in International Law http://www.uwc.ac.za/law/people/Vulanibaloyi.htm

Vulani Joy Gwendoline Baloyi (Lecturer) She is currently employed as a lecturer in Faculty of Law of the University of the Western Cape in the Private Law Department and also belongs to the Academic Planning and Research Department of the Faculty She I lectures in the following subjects, Family Law, Law of Persons, Customary Law and the Law of Succession. Before joining UWC she worked as a lecturer for the Faculty of Law of the University of Zululand in the Department of Comparative Law. Apart from lecturing at the University of Zululand, she was also responsible for conducting disciplinary hearings for both Staff and Students and I also assisted in the Legal Aid Clinic. At the University of Zululand she lectured the following courses, Jurisprudence, Social Legislation, Customary Law, Comparative and Conflict of Laws (Private International Law), Public International Law and also assisted with Commercial Law. She has done extensive international research in the fields of Land Rights, Environmental Law and the right to self-determination with special reference to indigenous people. In the year 2001, she contributed in the Law Dictionary Project of the UWC Faculty of Law. She was responsible for the terminology relating to the Law of Succession. She is presently involved in an ongoing project in the Zulu and Tsonga/Shangaan translation of the Law Dictionary for South African Universities. Also a co-author of "A Social Worker's Guide to the Law" with Prof. Julia Sloth-Nielsen. Hopefully, that is, if everything goes well, the book will be published by the end of this year. She has also submitted her proposal for a Doctoral Degree (LLD) and the topic being "The Plight of Rural Women in Accessing the Law".

11. South Africa Itineraries is also home of culturally rich and diverse peoples. its sheer rock walls, pocketsof indigenous forest, grass camp built on tribal land in shangaan style near http://www.kenor-safaris.com/safarisouthafrica/Northernprovince.htm

SUGGESTED ITINERARIES The Classic Tour The Outback Tour The Culture Tour Self Drive Tours ... SCHEDULED SAFARIS NORTHERN PROVINCE The northern section of the Kruger National Park lies in this province. The nearest airport is at Phalaborwa, a place also known for its open-cast copper mine, the largest in Africa. To the south, the Waterberg Mountain Range is an area rich in indigenous streams, springs, wetlands and prolific birdlife. The vertical cliffs and impressive rock formations of the southern slopes of the Waterberg offer excellent mountaineering possibilities. Head north and visitors come to the Soutpansberg Mountain, its imposing blue slopes cloaked with forests. At its foothills lies the picturesque town of Louis Trichardt, set in one of the loveliest regions of the country. The province is also home of culturally rich and diverse peoples. The Venda, who inhabit the eastern part of the Soutpansberg, are intensely superstitious, placing great store on rites and rituals. The North Sotho people are scattered throughout Northern Province. The famous Rain Queen, Modadji, still lives in this area. In the centre is the vibrant capital city of Pietersburg - the industrial and commercial heart of the Great North.

12. AFRICA, MOZAMBIQUE, PEOPLE people, among them the Rjonga, shangaan, Tsua, and There was serious depopulationof indigenous cultures in many intrusions by other African peoples, like the http://www.zzam.org/Full/Africa/Mozambique/People/Mozambique1_People.htm

13. Background Notes Archive - Africa Ethnic groups Makua, Tsonga, Makonde, shangaan, Shona, Sena have largely retainedan indigenous culture based and gatherers, ancestors of the Khoisani peoples. http://dosfan.lib.uic.edu/ERC/bgnotes/af/mozambique9607.html

Return to Africa Background Notes Archive Return to Background Notes Archive Homepage Return to Electronic Research Collection Homepage

14. Mozambique largest concentration of unreached peoples in africa shangaan, Chokwe, Manyika, Sena,Makua, and others Portuguese (official), 24 indigenous dialects Literacy http://www.aimcanada.org/mozambique.htm

Site last modified: January 20, 2003 Mozambique QUICK FACTS Area: total: 801,590 sq km Capital: Maputo, 1,000,000+ Population: This former Portuguese colony is home to over twenty million people and to the largest unreached group in Africa— possibly the world! It has the largest concentration of unreached peoples in Africa south of the equator. It is also considered to be one of the poorest countries on the globe. AIM missionaries in Mozambique are concentrating on ministering to the newly emerging churches in theological training, etc. There are a number of opportunities in various areas including TESL, general church work and various teaching positions. Mozambique was a Portuguese colony for more than four hundred years before attaining independence in 1975. During those years the colonial government recognized only the Catholic Church resulting in persecution of those calling themselves "Protestant". With independence came the establishment of communism so the persecution extended to all recognized as Christians. Although the Marxist ideology of the government continued until the early 1990's, beginning in 1982, missionaries, who had been expelled at independence, were allowed to re-enter. The government recognized the need for the support of everyone possible, including the evangelical churches. Despite the fact that missionary work in the country was non-existent between 1975 and 1982, the evangelical church grew quite rapidly among the Lomwe living in Zambezi Province.

15. General Tours - A Journey To South Africa Breathtaking landscape, colorful tribal peoples and the Big Five of famous for growingonly plants indigenous to South with our hosts, the shangaan family, and http://www.generaltours.com/display.cgi?tour_seq=847

16. The Ultimate Africa - South Africa's Best May 7 - 21, 2001 displays on the Stone Age peoples who once pristine state while reintroducing rare,indigenous species of game ranger and skilled shangaan tracker guide. http://www.exploreafrica.net/itineraries/hvd_ultimate.htm

Home About Us Why EXPLORE Life on an EXPLORE Adventure ... Join These Journeys May 7-21, 2001 Harvard Museum of Natural History In all of the African continent, South Africa undoubtedly provides the highest standards in lodging, food and comfort. “South Africa’s Best” gives the discriminating traveler a wonderful overview of South Africa’s most beautiful wilderness areas as well as the world-renowned Cape in ultimate luxury and style. Travel from the Cape of Good Hope to the beautiful Western Cape; take the elegant Blue Train through the Karoo and charter by private plane to exclusive Makalali Game Reserve and Sabi Sands Private Game Reserve bordering the vast Kruger National Park. Here you will experience unparalleled game viewing – a great density of lion, leopard and rhino. End your stay at South Africa’s ‘jewel’ – a luxury lodge that provides an incomparable level of architectural style and luxury. Its private chalets include their own living room, canopied bed, fireplace and private pool all overlooking beautiful, undisturbed woodlands which are alive with wildlife. Mon, May 7

17. Untitled Document a process in which African peoples were creators of data with reference to the Tonga,shangaan, and Tswana is still hostage to an indigenous ruling oligarchy http://web.africa.ufl.edu/asq/v1/1/4.htm

Citizen and Subject: Contemporary Africa and the Legacy of Late Colonialism. Mahmood Mamdani. (Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press, 1996) xi+353pp. Reviewed By Michael Chege Director, Center for African Studies University of Florida, Gainesville

18. African Choral Music Resources 91122, Auckland Park 2006, South africa.) Twelve indigenous songs from african peoples. iswonderful (Tswana); Siku rin Gwana / One day (shangaan); Ehlatin’e http://www.pitts.emory.edu/theoarts/multi/Countries/Africa/african_res.html

African Choral Music Resources Multicultural - Repertoire African Repertoire Multicultural Choral Home TheoArts Home The following are choral-related websites with predominantly English language pages. This is not meant to be an exhaustive list - just a helpful one! More sites will be added as they are identified. Please let us know if you discover any new ones. CONTENTS: Choral Publishers U.S. Contacts African Music (general) Language links General Cultural Choirs Choral Festivals ... Videos AFRICAN MUSIC (general): Index on Africa : A website of websites on all sorts of African musics: www.africaindex.africainfo.no/subjects/music.htm Africa Online - Music: Zanzibar: wus.africaonline.com/AfricaOnline/music/Zanzibar.html Kenya: www.africaonline.com/AfricaOnline/music/kenya.html or www.mediaport.net/Music/Pays/kenya/index.en.html African Music Notation / Tonic Sol-Fa / Curwen For any choral musician who looks at the score of an African piece and discovers a series of letters, dots and dashes. This notation system is not an African system, but an English one, developed by Curwen in the 19th century and brought to Africa by missionaries. See The Teacher’s Manual of the Tonic Sol-Fa Method reprinted by Bernard Rainbow (Boethius Press, c. 1986).

19. Reviews: Africa Arts South africa Survival of indigenous Cultures Topic literature and traditionsof african peoples communicate to to refer to the Tsonga or shangaan. http://www.cocc.edu/humanities/HIR/Reviews/Africa.html

Africa Under construction All student contributions have been web published with author's permission: Thank you!! African Art African Slave Trade AIDS in Africa Christianity in Africa ... Survival of Indigenous Cultures Add your reviews of sources on these or new African topics: New Submission Form Break this page up - It's too long for one web page!! African Art Contributor: E. Gracie Huntington , 19 March 2002 [HUM 211 student, Winter 2002] Introduction: [E.G.H] Smithsonian National Museum of African Art URL: http://www.nmafa.si.edu/ Annotation: This site has four different sections and they are exhibitions, education, museum resources, and general information. Overall I found this site to give a great variety of African Art. Some of the art was just household appliances and others were made to symbolize power. The site not only gave you some history, but also shows you on the map what area these artworks were from and a quick overview about the piece of art. These works of art portray the many aspects of the African people’s life, physical and spiritual. African Art: Aesthetics And Meaning Benjamin C. Ray, Dept. of Religious Studies, Guest Curator

20. News Notes No. 19 Aug, Sept, Oct 1996 - Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory in two african villages, one shangaan and the in spatially extensive pastoral ecosystemsin East africa. the lives of the many indigenous peoples is great. http://www.nrel.colostate.edu/news/newsnotes/newsnotes19.html

NREL NEWS NOTES NATURAL RESOURCE ECOLOGY LABORATORY Colorado State University No. 19 August, September and October 1996 Spotlight on Science NREL Research in Mongolia Announcements Colorado ... Previous NREL News Notes Spotlight on Science Featuring: Kathy Galvin Sr. Research Scientist - Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory Kathy Galvin recently returned from a workshop on "Reducing Climate-Related Vulnerability" in southern Africa held in Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe (Oct. 1-4), sponsored by NOAA and NASA. It is well known that El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) affects the pattern of short-term climate in southern Africa. Now successes in model-based ENSO forecasting means that, soon, predictive capabilities in rainfall events will be enhanced. Discussed at the workshop was utility of those forecasts for southern Africa, how sectors such as agriculture (commercial and subsistence), food security, health, and water could use these forecasts, and what is needed from the forecasting side and the user side. With the focus still on Africa, Kathy is a member of a team (Mike Coughenour, PI; Dave Swift; Dennis Child and Larry Rittenhouse, RES; Jim DeMartini, Pathology; Ann Magennis, Anthropology; James Else, Advisor to the Ugandan government; Robin Reid, ILRI, Terry McCabe, CU; and Paul Rwambo, Kenya) who just received funding (Oct. 1996) from USAID-SR-CRSP to plan and build a team to develop a system to link livestock development with biodiversity conservation in spatially extensive pastoral ecosystems in East Africa.

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