41. Black History Month - Sickle Cell Anemia - Alternative Medicine At BellaOnline Black History Month sickle cell anemia @ alternativemedicine a host-writtensite at BellaOnline. Black History Month - sickle cell anemia. http://www.bellaonline.com/articles/art8189.asp

Auto Career Computers Education ... Relationships All times in EST Bowling : 7:00 PM Computer Games: 9:00 PM Alternative Medicine chat boards sweepstakes site shops You Are Here: HOME Alternative Medicine Articles Monika Dery is BellaOnline's Alternative Medicine Host Black History Month - Sickle Cell Anemia Anemia itself is an all-pervasive condition that affects millions without them knowing what’s actually wrong until they convince a doctor that the problem won’t go away by itself. These people don’t seem be diagnosed since the symptoms are lack of energy, pallor, sore joints and muscles, and a tendency to bleed and bruise easily gums, for example. I’d been going for bi-annual checkups and didn’t find out that I was anemic until I wanted to donate blood and was refused because my “blood count was too low.” I seem to have been able to live with a very pale skin and high loss of monthly blood since teen years, and the fact that my gums bled every time I brushed my teeth didn’t seem to bother anyone but me. There are many forms of anemia or, rather, diseases that cause anemia, some of which we hear about Pernicious Anemia (a serious B12 deficiency,) Thalassemia (too much iron in the system,) and Sickle Cell Anemia (where the bone marrow does not make enough red blood cells to replace those which die and the ones being produced are deformed and sickle shaped.) The first two conditions are basically easy to treat, but Sickle Cell Anemia is another story altogether. Other diseases besides Sickle Cell, in the anemia category that African Americans suffer from are Hemoglobin SC disease and Sickle beta-thalassemia.

42. Sickle Cell Anemia-Blood Diseases & Disorders sickle cell anemia The person has most or all of the normal hemoglobin (HbA)replaced with the sickle hemoglobin (HbS). This is referred to as HbSS. http://www.umm.edu/blood/sickle.htm

Donations / Banking Blood Diseases Facts About Blood Bone Marrow Transplantation ... Site Map Related Resources Within UMM Hematology Pediatric Oncology Blood Diseases Sickle Cell Disease What is sickle cell disease? Sickle cell disease is an inherited blood disorder characterized by defective hemoglobin. It affects millions of people throughout the world and approximately 72,000 people in the US. It is present in one in every 500 African-American births. Normal hemoglobin cells are smooth and round, allowing for ease in moving through blood vessels. Sickle cell hemoglobin molecules are stiff and form into the shape of a sickle or a scythe. They tend to cluster together, and cannot easily move through blood vessels. The cluster causes a blockage and stops the movement of oxygen-carrying blood. Sickle cells die after about 10 to 20 days, unlike normal hemoglobin cells, which live for up to 120 days. This results in a chronic short supply of red blood cells, which causes anemia. The most common variations of the sickle cell gene include the following: Sickle cell trait The person is carrying the defective gene, HbS, but also has some normal hemoglobin, HbA. This is referred to as HbAS. Persons with sickle cell trait are usually without symptoms of the disease. Mild anemia may occur. Under intense, stressful conditions, exhaustion, hypoxia (low oxygen), and/or severe infection, the sickling of the defective hemoglobin may occur and result in some complications associated with the sickle cell disease.

43. CHOICES News Feature: Sickle Cell Anemia [January 2002] sickle cell anemia. Find the following books and more at your local library. GETMORE INFORMATION ON sickle cell anemia FROM THESE WEB SITES. http://www.nypl.org/branch/choices/news/0201sickle.html

@import "/branch/choices/style/sophisto.css"; CHOICES Archive Sickle Cell Anemia Find the following books and more at your local library. Dying In The City Of The Blues : Sickle Cell Anemia And The Politics Of Race And Health. W. Wailoo, Keith. Chapel Hill : University of North Carolina Press, c2001. GET MORE INFORMATION ON SICKLE CELL ANEMIA FROM THESE WEB SITES Sickle Cell Information Center http://www.emory.edu/PEDS/SICKLE Emory University provides excellent links, listing of clinics, and comprehensive information. Medline Plus Sickle Cell Information http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/sicklecellanemia.html Overviews, clinical trials, research, and organizations from the National Library of Medicine. Sickle Cell Disease in Newborns and Infants http://home.aol.com/scd200/scdbaby.htm A guide for parents, from the National Institutes of Health. Harvard Medical School Joint Center for Sickle Cell and Thalassemic Disorders http://sickle.bwh.harvard.edu/ Clear explanation, medical complications. Sickle Cell Defiers http://defiers.com

44. UMMC - Sickle Cell Disease In the US the frequency of sickle cell anemia among African Americans is aboutone in every 400 births. How does it occur? sickle cell anemia is inherited. http://www.med.umich.edu/1libr/multicul/afamer01.htm

Multicultural Health Health Topics A-Z Multicultural Health Sickle Cell Disease What is sickle cell disease? How does it occur? What are the symptoms? How is it diagnosed? ... How can sickle cell anemia be prevented? What is sickle cell disease? Sickle Cell Disease is an inherited disease of red blood cells which can cause attacks of pain and damage to vital organs and can lead to early death. It is a lifelong disease starting at birth. Sickle cell disease is most prevalent among people who are African, African American, Mediterranean (Italian, Sicilian, Greek), middle Eastern, East Indian, Caribbean, and Central or South American. In the U.S. the frequency of sickle cell anemia among African Americans is about one in every 400 births. About 50,000 African Americans have sickle cell disease. One of every twelve African American newborns carries the sickle cell trait in his or her genes. The effects of sickle cell disease vary greatly from one person to the next. Some affected people rarely are ill while others are frequently hospitalized.

45. ClinicalTrials.gov - Linking Patients To Medical Research: Results 23. Not yet recruiting, Pediatric Hydroxyurea in sickle cell anemia(BABY HUG) Conditions Blood Disease; Anemia, Sickle Cell. 24. http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/search/sponsor=NHLBI

Home Search Browse Resources ... About Search results for NHLBI [SPONSOR] are shown below. Show all trials, including those no longer recruiting patients. 124 studies were found. Here are studies 1 to 50. Recruiting Inhaled NO in Prevention of Chronic Lung Disease Conditions: Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Lung Diseases Recruiting Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Clinical Network (ARDSNet) Conditions: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome; Lung Diseases Recruiting Asthma Clinical Research Network (ACRN) Conditions: Asthma; Lung Diseases Recruiting Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation Study (COBLT) Conditions: Anemia, Aplastic; Fanconi Anemia; Hematologic Diseases; Leukemia; Neoplasms; Severe Combined Immunodeficiency; ... Recruiting Antiarrhythmic Effects of N-3 Fatty Acids Conditions: Arrhythmia; Heart Diseases; Tachycardia, Ventricular; Ventricular Fibrillation Recruiting Childhood Asthma Research and Education (CARE) Network Conditions: Asthma; Lung Diseases Recruiting Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) Conditions: Atherosclerosis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Hypercholesterolemia; Hypertension; Diabetes Mellitus, non-insulin dependent; Diabetes Mellitus; ... Recruiting Evaluation Study of Congestive Heart Failure and Pulmonary Artery Catheterization Effectiveness (ESCAPE) Conditions: Heart Diseases; Heart Failure, Congestive; Heart Failure

46. ClinicalTrials.gov - Linking Patients To Medical Research: Study Details Induction of Stable Chimerism for sickle cell anemia. This study is currentlyrecruiting patients. MEDLINEplus related topics sickle cell anemia. http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00029393?order=41

47. Other Topics: Current Treatment For Sickle Cell Anemia Human genome project. Current Treatment for sickle cell anemia Robert G. Lerner,MD For the past eight years, I've been treating a patient, I'll call him Rod. http://www.thedoctorwillseeyounow.com/articles/other/sicklecell_3/

IN THIS ARTICLE What is sickle cell disease? The current treatment A diet rich in fruits, vegetables and low fat dairy products will lower your blood pressure. more... OTHER TOPICS Human genome project Current Treatment for Sickle Cell Anemia Robert G. Lerner, M.D. For the past eight years, I've been treating a patient, I'll call him Rod. When I first met Rod, he was hospitalized and frightened, facing an uncertain future from a serious disease. Rod knew he had some variety of sickle cell disorder because both of his parents had sickle cell trait. We tested Rod and, indeed, he had inherited sickle cell disease. Parents are often confused about screening for sickle cell disease and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) has provided a useful guide designed for use by parents. Thanks to a new medicine, hydoxyurea, sickle cell sufferers like Rod now have a better chance of living an almost normal life, with fewer painful attacks and hospitalizations. Rod's Medical Story Rod's childhood was mostly uneventful, although he had many episodes of aches and pains as he was growing up. At 18, he was hospitalized with his first "sickle cell crisis," where red cells broke down and blocked blood flow, especially in tiny arteries throughout Rod's body. Rod was even treated with exchange transfusion on one occasion when his lungs were plugged up with misshapen sickle cells and his life was in danger we replaced his defective red blood cells with normal red blood cells. Exchange transfusion is not an ordinary part of medical care for crisis but, sometimes, it can be life saving when a patient has an acute chest syndrome like Rod did. Since then, he's had many crises and many medical problems, including episodes of severe abdominal and back pains, skin ulcers and bone and joint damage.

48. Sickle Cell Anemia - Evaluation, Treatment And Research At The National Heart, L The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute is actively seeking patients with SickleCell Anemia to receive free evaluation and/or treatment in our clinical http://patientrecruitment.nhlbi.nih.gov/sicklecell.aspx

Patient Recruitment Home Patient Recruitment - Sickle Cell Anemia Research Studies Collection and Storage of Umbilical Cord Blood for Sickle Cell Disease Sickle Cell Anemia Research Study Collection and Storage of Umbilical Cord Blood for Sickle Cell Disease If you are pregnant and expecting a baby that may have sickle cell disease you might be interested in our research study. We are collecting umbilical cord blood from newborns that may have sickle cell disease and we are freezing the hematopoietic stem cells that are in the cord blood. Hematopoietic stem cells are used in transplant treatment of sickle cell disease; the more cells the doctors use the better the outcome. The goal of our research is to come up with the best ways to harvest, freeze and thaw the stem cells from the umbilical cord blood so when it comes time to use the stem cells for treatment there will be a lot of high quality cells to use. To be eligible for this program the pregnant mother must be between the ages of 18 - 45 and she must plan to deliver her infant at a hospital in the Washington Metropolitan Area. The pregnant mother needs to attend a meeting with the nurse coordinator in order to go over the program and give consent before labor begins. There is no cost to the family or their insurance carrier for this program. For further information please contact the research nurse coordinator at Office phone: 301-594-8381 Fax: 301-594-9153 Protocol Information Detailed Protocol Description Disease and Treatment Information

49. Genetics High School Teaching Vignette Genetics Teaching Vignettes High School. Title sickle cell anemia, A Case StudyTeacher Jeanne Ting Chowning School BioLab, Seattle, WA Grade Level 1012. http://genetics-education-partnership.mbt.washington.edu/class/high.htm

Genetics Teaching Vignettes: High School Title: Sickle Cell Anemia, A Case Study Teacher: Jeanne Ting Chowning School: BioLab, Seattle, WA Grade Level: Download: This vignette and all associated activities, masters, and worksheets can be downloaded in PDF at the GEP download page. Summary: Sickle cell anemia is an example of a genetic disease that can serve as a vehicle for teaching many biology concepts. Using a case study approach, opportunities arise to make connections not only to various aspects of genetics and molecular biology, but to physiology, evolution and societal and ethical issues as well. Instructional Materials (included at this website): Sickle Cell Anemia and Genetics: Background Information. Allele Frequencies and Sickle Cell Anemia Lab. Student instructions, data sheet, analysis questions, overhead master. Sickle Cell Anemia: Blood Video Questions and Translation Practice Worksheet. Sickle Cell Lab: Diagnosis Using Simulated Restriction Analysis of DNA. PreLab reading and questions Student instructions and questions ... Teacher information List of Classroom Activities: Mystery of the Crooked Cell PreLab Activities (includes viewing slides of normal and sickled red blood cells).

50. Sickle Cell Anemia: Bone Manifestations sickle cell anemia bone manifestations. 813% of blacks carry sickling factor;symptoms chronic ulcers, pain crises, many infections, priapism. http://chorus.rad.mcw.edu/doc/01069.html

CHORUS Collaborative Hypertext of Radiology Musculoskeletal system Feedback Search sickle cell anemia: bone manifestations 8-13% of blacks carry sickling factor symptoms: chronic ulcers, pain crises, many infections, priapism xray findings: deossification due to marrow hyperplasia decreased bone density in skull with widened diploic space "H-shaped vertebrae" or "fish vertebrae" rib notching thrombosis and infarction AVN , esp. femoral head periosteal rxn (" bone within bone secondary osteomyelitis Staph. aureus Salmonella dactylitis = hand foot syndrome growth effects bone shortening secondary to diminished blood supply death Brian Funaki, MD - 6 February 1995 Last updated 14 March 2001 Medical College of Wisconsin

51. GenScope Activity: SICKLE CELL c. How many individuals have sickle cell anemia? 7. Select a normal male fromthe F1 generation. c. How many individuals have sickle cell anemia? 11. http://genscope.concord.org/involved/sicklecell.html

GENSCOPE ACTIVITY: SICKLE CELL Submitted by Anonymous 1. Open GenScope. 2. Select the Human species. 3. Create a male with sickle cell trait. 4. Create a female with sickle cell trait. 5. Cross the two individuals in the pedigree window. (Set for 10 Offspring in the Option menu.) 6. Using this pedigree answer the following questions for the F1 generation. a. How many individuals are normal? b. How many individuals have the sickle cell trait? c. How many individuals have sickle cell anemia? 7. Select a normal male from the F1 generation. 8. Create a female with the sickle cell trait. 9. Mate these two individuals. 10. Using this pedigree answer the following questions for the F2 generation: a. How many individuals are normal? b. How many individuals have the sickle cell trait? c. How many individuals have sickle cell anemia? 11. Select a normal female from the F2 generation. 12. Create a male with sickle cell anemia. 13. Mate these two individuals. 14. Using the resulting pedigree, answer the following questions for the F3 generation: a. How many individuals are normal?

52. GENETICS Sickle Cell Case Study sickle cell anemia A Case Study Approach to Teaching High School Genetics.Teacher Information. Allele Frequencies and sickle cell anemia Lab. http://chroma.gs.washington.edu/outreach/genetics/sickle/

G E N E T I C S Classroom Activities and Instructional Materials Home Goals Workshops Classroom ... Contact Us Sickle Cell Anemia: A Case Study Approach to Teaching High School Genetics Teacher: Jeanne Ting Chowning School: BioLab, Seattle, WA Grade Level: Download: This case study and all associated activities, masters, and worksheets can be downloaded in PDF at the GENETICS download page. Summary: Sickle cell anemia is an example of a genetic disease that can serve as a vehicle for teaching many biology concepts. Using a case study approach, opportunities arise to make connections not only to various aspects of genetics and molecular biology, but to physiology, evolution and societal and ethical issues as well. Instructional Materials (included at this website): Sickle Cell Anemia and Genetics: Background Information. Allele Frequencies and Sickle Cell Anemia Lab. Student instructions, data sheet, analysis questions, overhead master. Sickle Cell Anemia: Blood Video Questions and Translation Practice Worksheet.

53. Sickle Cell Anemia Case Study Biology 296A. sickle cell anemia Webpage. Table of Contents. Part1 Discovery and Biological Basis. Test Yourself Part 2 Molecular http://www.nslc.wustl.edu/courses/Bio296A/allen/sicklecell/sicklecell.html

Biology 296A Sickle Cell Anemia Webpage Table of Contents Part 1: Discovery and Biological Basis Test Yourself Part 2: Molecular Biology of Sickle Celled Hemoglobin Test Yourself Part 3: Biogeography and Ecology of Sickle Celled Anemia Test Yourself Part 4: Treatment and Political Aspects Test Yourself References for Sickle Cell Website click here Natural Sciences Learning Center Washington University - Biology Email comments to nslc webmanager Visitors since May 2001 # Total visitors #

54. Critical Information On Sickle Cell Anemia Is Distributed Statewide BY VICKI B. GAUBECA. When viewed under a microscope and compared to normal bloodcells (on left), it's easy to see where sickle cell anemia got its name. http://www.ahsc.arizona.edu/opa/horizons/2000/sickle.htm

C ritical Information on Sickle Cell Anemia is Distributed Statewide BY VICKI B. GAUBECA When viewed under a microscope and compared to normal blood cells (on left), it's easy to see where sickle cell anemia got its name. I n the last two decades, mortality rates among children, ages 1 to 4, with sickle cell anemia have decreased considerably nationwide thanks to many improvements in health care delivery. Studies have shown that an early diagnosis results in proactive treatments that can reduce a child's risk of contracting pneumonia or other common medical conditions that can quickly become fatal for younger children with sickle cell anemia. "The treatment provided by experienced health providers includes giving children with sickle cell anemia the proper immunizations," explains John Hutter, M.D., chief of the Section of Hematology/Oncology at the University of Arizona Department of Pediatrics. Adding parental education, follow-up and quick medical response to dangerous symptoms is helpful as well. "However, states that have a low incidence rate for sickle cell anemia also have health professionals with less exposure and knowledge of this medical condition," he says. "Arizona is one of these states. Medical students can graduate or finish their residencies here without ever once seeing a patient with sickle cell disease."

55. Diseases And Conditions -- Discovery Health -- Sickle Cell Anemia sickle cell anemia is an inherited blood disease. sickle cell anemia By MinotCleveland, MD Images (click to view larger image) sickle cell anemia. http://health.discovery.com/diseasesandcond/encyclopedia/1767.html

sickle cell anemia By Minot Cleveland, MD Images (click to view larger image) Sickle cell anemia is an inherited blood disease. It causes serious health problems among African Americans or individuals of African descent. What is going on in the body? Hemoglobin is the key molecule in the blood that carries oxygen to all parts of the body. A change in a certain gene causes a change in the structure of hemoglobin. Persons with normal hemoglobin have a genetic coding of AA. Persons with sickle cell trait have a genetic coding of AS. (The "S" refers to the sickle cell gene.) Eight percent of African Americans are carriers of the sickle cell gene, and are said to have sickle cell trait. Most people with sickle cell trait are completely healthy and lead normal lives. Persons with the genetic coding SS have a double dose of the abnormal hemoglobin gene. They develop sickle cell anemia. It affects approximately 15 out of every 1000 African Americans. In sickle cell anemia the red blood cells change shape from a rounded disk to a crescent or "sickle" shape. These abnormal red blood cells are more rigid and are more likely to clump together. They are also more likely to stick to the walls of blood vessels. They can even block the blood vessels themselves. These changes also mean that the hemoglobin molecule isn't able to carry oxygen as well as it should. What are the signs and symptoms of the disease?

56. Sickle Cell Anemia, Cincinnati Childrens Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center treats sickle cell anemia aninherited disorder of the hemogolobin in red cells. sickle cell anemia. http://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/Health_Topics/Your_Childs_Health/Hematology_a

Your Child's Health Hematology and Blood Overview Conditions and Diagnoses ... Fanconi Anemia Sickle Cell Anemia Tests and Procedures Home Care Conditions and Diagnoses Sickle Cell Anemia Sickle Cell Anemia is an inherited disorder of hemogolobin, the chemical substance which gives red blood cells their red color and carries oxygen to the tissues. In sickle cell anemia the abnormal hemoglobin (Hgb SS) makes the red cells rigid and distorted from the usual round shape into sickle shapes. At times, these stiff, crecent-shaped sickled red blood cells can plug up small blood vessels and decrease blood flow to various parts of the body. This leads to anemia and to periodic painful episodes. A painful episode can sometimes be referred to as a "crisis" we prefer not to use this unduly frightening word. Cause This genetic disorder is a result of both parents passing a sickle gene to their child. The parents are said to be carriers or to have sickle trait. Sickle trait is not a disease by itself. Symptoms Pain is the hallmark of sickle cell disease. Because of the nature of the disease, signs and symptoms may vary in frequency and severity. This disease can effect every major organ in the body (lungs, liver, kidneys, spleen, heart, brain, intestines, bones, etc.). Symptoms such as painful swelling of the hands and/or feet (Dactylitis) can be seen as early as 4 months of age. Sometimes more serious complications develop, such as, strokes, difficulty breathing, or orthopedic problems. Treatment To relieve pain, parents or health professionals administer analgesics (pain relievers). These pain relievers can be as mild as Tylenol or as strong as Morphine. Patients are encouraged to drink plenty of fluids. If needed, intravenous (IV) fluids are given to avoid dehydration. Dehydration can further increase the pain. Antibiotics are given when infection is suspected.

57. InteliHealth: Communities and Chats. Todays News. InteliHealth Policies. Advertisement. Diseases Conditions, Healthy Lifestyle, Your Health, Look It Up. Anemia, sickle cell anemia. http://www.intelihealth.com/IH/ihtIH/WSIHW000/14294/29411.html

Entire Site Diseases Conditions Healthy Lifestyle InteliTools Your Health IH Catalog Dental chrome_imgPreload('gifChr_mid_but_home_mo_1','http://img.intelihealth.com/i/C/Chr_mid_but_home-o.gif'); chrome_imgPreload('gifChr_mid_but_shop_mo_2','http://img.intelihealth.com/i/C/Chr_mid_but_shop-o.gif'); chrome_imgPreload('gifChr_mid_but_dental_mo_3','http://img.intelihealth.com/i/C/Chr_mid_but_dental-o.gif'); chrome_imgPreload('gifChr_mid_but_drug_mo_4','http://img.intelihealth.com/i/C/Chr_mid_but_drug-o.gif'); chrome_imgPreload('gifChr_mid_but_askexpert_mo_5','http://img.intelihealth.com/i/C/Chr_mid_but_askexpert-o.gif'); chrome_imgPreload('gifChr_mid_but_medical_mo_6','http://img.intelihealth.com/i/C/Chr_mid_but_medical-o.gif'); chrome_imgPreload('gifChr_mid_but_chats_mo_7','http://img.intelihealth.com/i/C/Chr_mid_but_chats-o.gif'); chrome_imgPreload('gifchr_mid_but_news_mo_8','http://img.intelihealth.com/i/c/chr_mid_but_news-o.gif'); chrome_imgPreload('gifChr_mid_but_privacy_mo_9','http://img.intelihealth.com/i/C/Chr_mid_but_privacy-o.gif'); Advertisement Sickle-Cell Anemia Sickle-Cell Anemia Sickle-cell anemia is an inherited blood disorder that causes chronically low levels of hemoglobin (the blood's oxygen-carrying chemical) and recurring episodes of pain.

58. Extended Definitions: Example sickle cell anemia. sickle cell anemia is a congenital hemolyticanemia that occurs primarily but not exclusively in Blacks. The http://www.io.com/~hcexres/tcm1603/acchtml/def_ex.html

Sickle Cell Anemia Sickle cell anemia is a congenital hemolytic anemia that occurs primarily but not exclusively in Blacks. The condition results from a defective hemoglobin molecule (hemoglobin S) which causes red blood cells (RBCs) to roughen and become sickle-shaped. Such cells impair circulation, resulting in chronic ill health (fatigue, dyspnea on exertion, and swollen joints), periodic crises, long-term complications, and premature death. At present, only symptomatic treatment is available. Half of such patients die by their early 20s; few live to middle age. Causes and Incidence Sickle cell anemia results from homozygous inheritance of the hemoglobin S-producing gene, which causes substitution of the amino acid valine for glutamic acid in the B hemoglobin chain. Heterozygous inheritance of this gene results in sickle cell trait, generally an asymptomatic condition. Sickle cell anemia is most common in tropical Africans and in persons of African descent. About 1 in 10 Afro-Americans carries the abnormal gene. If two such carriers have offspring, there is a 1 in 4 chance that each child will have the disease. Overall, 1 in every 400 to 600 Black children has sickle cell anemia. This disease also occurs in Puerto Rico, Turkey, India, the Middle East, and the Mediterranean area. Possibly, the defective hemoglobin S-producing gene has persisted because in areas where malaria is endemic, the heterozygous sickle cell trait provides resistance to malaria and is actually beneficial.

59. Laboratory For Electron Microscopy At The University Of Chicago Research on Sickle Cell Hemoglobin. sickle cell anemia is caused by the intracellularpolymerization of sickle cell hemoglobin to form rodlike fibers. http://gingi.uchicago.edu/hbs2.html

Research on Sickle Cell Hemoglobin Sickle cell anemia is caused by the intracellular polymerization of sickle cell hemoglobin to form rod-like fibers. A knowledge of the fiber structure could be used for the design of an agent that could block fiber formation. We have combined the structure of hemoglobin (known from X-ray crystallography) and the molecular coordinates of the fiber (determined from electron microscopy) in order to synthesize a model which shows the intermolecular contacts of the fiber. This approach has allowed us to determine the contacts which form between molecules in the fiber. We are now studying how various mutations (some obtained by site directed mutagenesis) affect fiber structure. Such studies are expected to account for the structural and chemical properties of fibers in terms of intermolecular interactions. A sickled red cell filled with sickle hemoglobin fibers. Several fibers (see arrows) are outside the cell. Please go on one of our "virtural tours" of the above process. Choose your type of tour: Basic Static Tour (Slow Connections) Regular Tour with Full Animations (Regular and Faster Connections) Super Tour with Full-Length Movie (Fastest Connections) References: Watowich, S., Gross L.

60. PROFESSIONAL REFERENCE Allergy Immunlogy Cardiology Dermatology sickle cell anemia. Written by Joel M Rappeport, MD Patient Guide. March 2001.Last modified May 21, 2002. sickle cell anemia is an inherited disease. http://praxis.md/index.asp?page=bhg_report&chapter=BHG01HE02

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