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23. NIC - Soc.culture.south-africa
south african society, culture, politics. For sociocultural discussions on south africa. However, the discussions may include other issues with direct bearing on south africa, and the southern african region.
http://metalab.unc.edu/usenet-i/groups-html/soc.culture.south-africa.html
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24. Lonely Planet World Guide | Destination South Africa | Culture
The art of south africa's indigenous populations can be one of the only Inkatha FreedomParty demonstrations is a powerful expression of this ancient culture.
http://www.lonelyplanet.com/destinations/africa/south_africa/culture.htm
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South Africa
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South Africa is a multiracial society and defining distinct subgroups by skin colour only will potentially get you into trouble. Those of Afrikaner and British descent won't be too happy to be confused with one another, and there are several major and many minor groupings in the traditional black cultures. The mingling and melding in South Africa's urban areas, along with the suppression of traditional cultures during the apartheid years, means that the old ways of life are fading, but traditional black cultures are still strong in much of the countryside. Across the different groups, marriage customs and taboos differ, but most traditional cultures are based on beliefs in a masculine deity, ancestral spirits and supernatural forces. In general, polygamy is permitted and a lobolo(dowry) is usually paid. Cattle play an important part in many cultures, as symbols of wealth and as sacrificial animals. The art of South Africa's indigenous populations can be one of the only ways to connect with lost cultures. Rock and cave paintings by the San, some of which date back 26,000 years, are a case in point. In other cases, such as the elaborate 'coded' beadwork of the Zulus, traditional art has been adapted to survive in different circumstances. Zulu is one of the strongest surviving black cultures and massed Zulu singing at Inkatha Freedom Party demonstrations is a powerful expression of this ancient culture. The Xhosa also have a strong presence; they are known as the red people because of the red-dyed clothing worn by most adults. The Ndebele are a related group, who live in the north-western corner of what is now Mpumalanga in strikingly painted houses.

25. Let's Go - South Africa - Culture
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26. Museums Online: South Africa
Browse several south African art, culture and science museums by subject or by region.
http://www.museums.org.za/
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Ceres Togryers Museum : established 7 November 1978 as a local museum as a result of a community driven project. (14 August 2002) Parliament Millennium Project : uses maps and artefacts to explore the perspectives we bring to bear on South African societys (04 July 2002) Mapungubwe: Greefswald Project : the Home of the Golden Rhinoceros (04 July 2002) University of Pretoria - Cultural Affairs : for the University of Pretoria Art Collection, Van Tilburg Collection, Van Gybland-Oosterhoff Collection, Anton van Wouw Museum, Edoardo Villa Museum and Mapungubwe Collection (04 July 2002) Museum of Science and Technology : is the oldest hands-on science museum in South Africa and is celebrating its fourth decade this year. But this is not your traditional 'look but don't touch' museum, but is a museum geared towards the 21st century. (24 June 2002) Cape Medical Museum : reflects the medical history with an emphasis on both western and traditional medicine at the Cape (07 May 2002) Afrikaans Language Monument : the symbolic monument situated on the southern slopes of the Paarl Mountain.

27. Let's Go - South Africa - Politics, History, And Culture
The history of Johannesburg is intertwined with the story of gold in south africa.Gaze upon longstanding monuments to Afrikaner culture in Pretoria, and
http://www.letsgo.com/SAF/00-Discover-17
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For social science buffs, the time is ripe in South Africa for exploring the history and legacy of apartheid. Only 10 years after Nelson Mandela's release from Robben Island , the former prison has been transformed into a museum. Cape Town is a fantastic base from which to explore the history of South Africa's "coloured" and Muslim populations, especially at the District Six Museum and in the Bo-Kaap . The Eastern Cape 's small towns offer insight into Boer life in the stifling Karoo , while its capital, Port Elizabeth , boasts two of the best township tours in the country. Trips further inland reveal the story of South Africa's development. Stop in at Kimberley to see the biggest diamond mine in the world. The history of Johannesburg is intertwined with the story of gold in South Africa. Gaze upon long-standing monuments to Afrikaner culture in Pretoria , and visit the sites of the bloodiest battles in South African history in KwaZulu-Natal In Windhoek, Alte Feste

28. Encounter Southern Africa
Online travel magazine featuring articles on destinations, people, nature and culture of Southern africa countries.
http://www.encounter.co.za
Current Issue Article Archive Places Wildlife ... About Fri 11-Apr-2003 Travel Highlights Featured Articles Places Tour Highlight 4 DAY OKAVANGO DELTA FLY-IN TOUR - BOTSWANA
Fly in to Gunn`s Camp - one of the last few remaining old style safari camps in the Okavango Delta in Botswana - for a wildlife adventure of a lifetime. Richtersveld National Park
The Richtersveld is a unique mountain desert wilderness of great beauty, tucked in the far northwestern corner of the Northern Cape in South Africa. Within this wilderness lies the Richtersveld National Park. PROTEA
Proteas, a family of shrubs with unusual and beautiful flowers, also include the South African national flower, the King Protea. Keimoes the lost piece of the Boland
Keimoes is a small town about 50 km southwest of Upington in the Northern Cape. It is an oasis within an otherwise arid region. Here, sultanas, other grape varieties, lucerne, wheat and fruit are grown under irrigation from the Orange River. World Heritage Sites
St Lucia Wetlands
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Sun City Franschhoek Kruger Park ... Okavango Delta Wildlife Photo Gallery Send a Wildlife Post Card.

29. Projects In Africa, Culture Sector
on Cultural Policies in africa, Accra, 27 October 6 November 1975. World CultureReport Democratization and Women's Rights in the south african Constitution
http://www.unesco.org/culture/ww/africa/
Cultural Policy Resources Issues on Culture and
Development From Diversity to Pluralism ... United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization UNESCO Sitemap Glossary Links News and Events ... Search Languages English Français Español Publications Statutory Texts Write to us Frequently Asked Questions About Culture Anniversaries, Days and Decades Fellowships Funding and Patronage Prizes Recruitment and Internships Who's Who?
Projects in Africa, Culture Sector Visit the Websites of the UNESCO Offices in Africa Intercultural Dialogue and Pluralism Reference Sources: General History of Africa An eight-volume history of Africa has paved the way for an innovative approach to tracing human memory. This collection provides a comprehensive approach to the history of ideas, civilizations, societies and institutions that form the rich pattern of African history. Projects: Slave Route The Slave Route project has as goal the critical examination of the history and impact of the slave trade between Europe, Africa, the Caribbean and North and Latin America in its historical and socio-economic context.

30. Articles - Grierson In South Africa. Culture, State And Nationalist Ideology In
Articles. Grierson in south africa. culture, state and nationalistideology in the south african film industry 19401981. Author
http://www.und.ac.za/und/ccms/publications/articles/grierson.htm
Articles Grierson in South Africa. Culture, state and nationalist ideology in the South African film industry: 19401981
Author: Keyan G Tomaselli
Date: 1985
Place: Durban, South Africa
Published: Cinema Canada
Type of product: Journal article
Source: http://www.und.ac.za/und/ccms/articles/grierson.htm
Keyan G Tomaselli
Of Britain's former colonies, Australia has perhaps gone furtherest in decolonising its cultural production, and the success of the Australian film provides a telling standard of measurement. If the Canadian situation remains grimly problematic (not to say still colonial), a look at South Africa's film industry provides a reflection which, while wildly different from our own in some respects, is at the same times curiously familiar. And not only because of the key role played by John Grierson. If Grierson's Canadian involvement is well-known, his South African consultation is not. And as Keyan Tomaselli documents below, Grierson's misreading of white South African nationalism could suggest the intriguing possibility that he might have equally misread nationalism in Canada. Certainly Grierson's blindness to 'the French fact' in canada, when combined with his South African aporia, could provide some clues towards a reconsideration of Grierson's Canadian role. Again, as Tomaselli details, the case of South Africa (or any national cinema) documents once more the utter centrality of the role of the state in advancing or retarding the development of a national film industry. For those who tend to discount the influence of the state's power in defining and using 'culture' for self-serving ends, the case of South Africa's film industry provides an instructive negative example.

31. We Have Moved To A New Host. (http://www.matampress.com)
Publishes books on aboriginal spirituality, science, and culture with a focus on ancient classical cultures, particularly of the Far East, south America and africa.
http://www.geocities.com/matampress
Greetings and welcome to Matam Press. We have relocated to another server. Please follow the links to our new home. We are a small press now but our vision and ideals are great.
New Store Location Matam Press.co

32. Kelly, Kenneth G.- University Of South Carolina
Profile of this University of south Carolina Assistant Professor. Research interests include culture contact and change, transformation and the origin of complex societies, africa, ethnohistory, and the Caribbean.
http://www.cla.sc.edu/ANTH/Faculty/KGKelly1/index.htm

33. Cultural Page Removed
Info on culture tours south africa. Cultural Tours. Cultural Tours. Wehave special cultural tours to typical Xhosa villages and small towns.
http://www.speirstours.co.za/cultural_tours.htm
Speirs Tours
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The page has been removed from the site but you welcome to view by clicking our cultural tours page. Email Us Speirs Tours Links

34. Arts, Culture And Heritage Diary - Northern Province
Directory of Arts and culture events in south africa. Northern Province section.
http://www.artsdiary.org.za/calendar.html#np

35. Heritage Access | South Africa:Culture/Heritage
The Indian and Asian influence on culture is evidenced by the sweet also evidencedin the architectural design of Mosques and Temples through out south africa.
http://www.heritageaccess.com/south_africa_culture.html
World History has been marked by the brilliant military stratagems of the Zulu King Shaka, and his warriors due to his campaign of expansion and conquest known as the MFECANE. The Zulu people hail from KwaZulu-Natal, which abounds with their rich traditional culture. This is reflected in the finely crafted pottery, elaborate beadwork, traditional herbal medicines, and in song, dance and colorful rituals. Opportunities to see a Zulu warrior at his Kraal within a Zulu village and also experience Zulu Dancing are always exhilarating. Zulu beehive huts are still constructed in the same way they were constructed several centuries ago and a visit to a traditional Shangaan or Swazi village is a memorable cultural exchange.
The XHOSA tribes have the AMAGGIRHA, traditional healers chosen by the ancestors to provide treatment for disease and misfortune. The Xhosa have Initiation Rites, which commemorate transition from one stage of life to another and tend to paint their faces white. The NDEBELE are well known for their decorative murals on their houses and traditional costumes of rings and beaded hoops. The elaborateness of the beadwork on a womans clothing is an indication of her status within the family or community.
The TSONGAS are well known for their traditional Mine dances carried out to the beat of drums and horns and a variety of musical instruments such as the MBILA. Indigenous South Africans have long used their music as a rallying cry for freedom.

36. Bush Negroes
An ethnographic account of the descendants of Black slaves brought as plantation laborers from africa to Surinam in northeastern south America.
http://lucy.ukc.ac.uk/EthnoAtlas/Hmar/Cult_dir/Culture.7834
Society-BUSH-NEGROES The Bush Negroes (also called Refugee Blacks or Guiana Maroons) are the descendants of Black slaves brought as plantation laborers from Africa to Surinam in northeastern South America, starting in the last half of the seventeenth century. (See Price 1976: fn. 2 on pp. 2-3, for a discussion of the derivation and meaning of the terms "Bush Negro" and "Maroon.") The ancestors of the major Bush Negro tribes escaped from the plantations of coastal Surinam to the forests of the interior in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. There they developed distinctive societies reflecting a blending and adaptation to local conditions of various African sociocultural patterns, and incorporating strong Amerindian influences in their material culture e.g. horticultural practices, hunting and fishing techniques, crafts such as basketry, the use of therapeutic plants, and so forth. After a half century of guerrilla warfare against colonial and European troops, the Bush Negroes signed treaties with the Dutch colonial government in the 1760s, enabling them to live a virtually independent existence until the past few decades. Their numbers increased markedly during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries so that the modern Bush Negro population is generally estimated to be somewhere between 25,000 and 47,000, probably closer to the latter figure. For the most part, they live along the rivers of the interior of Surinam. However, growing numbers are now living in and around Paramaribo, the capitol of Surinam, and they also seem to be expanding eastward into adjacent French Guiana (cf. Herskovits and Herskovits 1934: vii; Hurault 1959: 2; Kobben 1967: 35; Price 1972: 83; and Price 1976: 3-4, 21). Today, according to Price (1976), there are six Bush Negro tribes. He divides them into two main groups on the basis of cultural and linguistic differences, as well as location: (1) the Eastern Tribes, consisting of the Djuka (Aucaner, Awka), the Aluku (Aluku nenge, Boni), and the Paramaka (Paramacca); and (2) the Central Tribes, consisting of the Saramaka (Saramacca), the Matawai, and the Kwinti (cf. the tribal distribution map in Price 1976: 5). The Djuka and Saramaka are the largest tribes, with estimated populations of 15,000 to 20,000 each. The Aluku, Matawai, and Paramaka are much smaller, with estimated populations of around 2,000 each. The smallest tribe is the Kwinti, with fewer than 500 people. Three main creole languages are spoken in Surinam: (1) Sranan (Sranan Tongo, Taki-Taki), which was once the language of the plantation slaves and is now the "national language" of Surinam, spoken throughout the country as a lingua franca; (2) Ndjuka, spoken by the Djuka, Aluku, and Paramaka; and (3) Saramaccan, spoken by the Saramaka and Matawai. It is not clear where the language of the Kwinti fits since it has not been adequately described. The Voegelins (1977) list a fourth language, Aucaan, but give no further information about it. Both Price and the Voegelins agree that Sranan and Ndjuka are, with little effort, mutually intelligible; while Saramaccan is the most distinct of the three languages and mutually unintelligible with Sranan. (It is not specified whether Saramaccan and Ndjuka are also mutually unintelligible.) There is one key difference between Price and the Voegelins with respect to the classification of these languages. The latter classify all of them as English-based creole languages belonging to the Atlantic branch of the West Germanic group of Germanic within Indo-European. Price would presumably agree except in the case of Saramaccan. If his estimate of the derivations of the Saramaccan vocabulary is correct (i.e., 50 percent African, 20 percent Portuguese, 20 percent English, and 10 percent Dutch and Amerindian), then Saramaccan cannot be classified as an English-based creole. Furthermore, Saramaccan is fully a tone language (cf. Price 1976: 35-36; Voegelin 1977: 142-44). The modern Bush Negro tribes share a common cultural configuration, yet manifest important differences. As Price has stated (1976: 4), "These societies, though formed under broadly similar historical and ecological conditions, nevertheless display significant variations in everything from language, diet, and dress to patterns of marriage, residence, and migratory wage labor." Traditionally, the greatest differences were between the Eastern and Central Tribes, but "the differential development of Suriname's interior by government and mining interests is complicating this picture today." Price (1976: 6-42) presents an excellent preliminary analysis of the historical processes which may account for these major cultural variations. Although the details of his analysis will not be reviewed here, they deserve the closest study by any serious student of the Bush Negroes. Perhaps of greater immediate importance for our purposes are the broad sociocultural patterns shared by the Bush Negro tribes. Villages, which average one hundred to two hundred residents, consist of a core of matrilineally-related kinsmen plus some spouses and descendants of lineage men. Matriliny dominates descent ideology, with "matriclans" and "matrilineages" ... forming the basic units of the formal social structure. Since the colonial government signed treaties with the Djuka, Saramaka, and Matawai [an offshoot of the Saramaka] in the mid-eighteenth century, and placed the Aluku, Paramaka, and Kwinti in "protectorate" relationships under these treaty tribes during the nineteenth century, a loose framework of indirect rule has obtained. Each tribe, except the tiny Kwinti, has a government-approved Paramount Chief (gaama, granman) ... a series of headmen (kabiteni), and other public officials. Traditionally, the role of these officials in political and social control was exercised in a context replete with oracles, spirit possession, and other forms of divination ... In general, Bush Negroes enjoy an extremely rich ritual life, and the complex series of shrines and cults serve as foci for groups of residentially dispersed kinsmen. Their economy has long been based on a combination of periodic male wage labor on the coast and swidden horticulture and hunting and fishing ... Unusually skillful artists, performers, and orators, Bush Negroes in general exhibit a strongly aesthetic approach to life [Price 1976: 4,6]. Specifically, the first, modern anthropological field research with any Bush Negro tribe started among the Djuka in 1961 with the work of Kobben, Thoden van Velzen, and van Wetering. These Dutch scholars have now published the standard ethnographic sources on the Djuka. General ethnographic research among the Saramaka was conducted by Richard and Sally Price in 1966, 1967-68, and briefly in 1974 and 1975. Part of their data has been published, and other works are in preparation. Other anthropologists have recently done field research with the Paramaka, Matawai, and Kwinti. A discussion of all of this research, and the relevant citations, may be found in Price's invaluable historical and bibliographical introduction to the Bush Negroes (1976), which contains 1,330 entries dating from 1667 to 1975. Culture summary by Robert O. Lagace Herskovits, Melville Jean. Rebel destiny: among the Bush Negroes of Dutch Guiana. By Melville J. Herskovits and Frances S. Herskovits. New York, McGraw-Hill, 1934. 366 p. illus., maps. Hurault, Jean. Etude demographique comparee des Indiens Oayana et des noirs refugies Boni du Haut-Maroni (Guyane Francaise) [Comparative demographic study of the Oyana Indians and the Boni refugee blacks of the Upper Maroni (French Guiana)]. Population, 14 (1959): 509-534. Kobben, Andre J. F. Review of Jean Hurault 1961, Les Noirs Refugies Boni de la Guyane Francaise. Caribbean Studies, 5/3 (1965): 63-65. Kobben, Andre J. F. Participation and quantification; field work among the Djuka (Bush Negroes of Surinam). In D. G. Jongmans and P.C. W. Gutkind, eds. Anthropologists in the Field. Assen, Van Gorcum, 1967. Price, Richard. The Guiana Maroons: a historical and bibliographical introduction. Baltimore and London, The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1976. Price, Richard. The Guiana Maroons: changing perspectives in "Bush Negro" studies. Caribbean Studies, 11/4 (1972): 82-105. Voegelin, C. F. and F. M. Classification and index of the world's languages. New York, Elsevier, 1977. 7834

37. ACACIA Web Page
ACACIA aims to study the technology, cognition and social development of the earliest modern humans emerging in south africa. Includes general information, publications, and contact information.
http://www.wits.ac.za/archaeology/acacia/acacia.htm
Ancient Culture and Cognition in Africa Project The ACACIA Programme The origins of cultural modernity in the Pleistocene The excavation of long sequence South African sites
More information can be obtained from Professor Lyn Wadley,
Dept Archaeology, University of the Witwatersrand, PO WITS 2050. email 107lyw@cosmos.wits.ac.za Department of Archaeology Wits University SunSITE Southern Africa

38. The Egyptian Society Of South Africa
Aims to foster an appreciation of the history and culture of ancient Egypt (as well as modern Egypt) through lectures, a newsletter and tours.
http://users.iafrica.com/g/gr/grenvill/
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39. SehSekHoi
A group experimenting with music and instruments across culture, including West africa, Korea, Turkey, Indonesia, New Zealand Maori, China, India and south America. With member background and biographies.
http://www.geocities.com/sehsekhoi/

40. Travel In Johannesburg - South Africa - Africa - Culture - WorldTravelGate.net®
is as much a City of trees, as it is a City of Business, Sport and culture. Johannesburgis truly a sunshine City built on Gold. south africa now recognises an
http://www.africatravelling.net/south_africa/johannesburg/johannesburg_culture.h
Johannesburg - Culture S outhern Africa's largest and most vibrant city, Johannesburg generates more than 35% of the country's Gross Domestic Product. The City boasts an abundance of professional and managerial talent, with close proximity to markets, energy resources and transportation networks and a sound commercial and financial infra-structure which makes the Johannesburg CBD the primary center of the national economy. However, the City is as much a City of trees, as it is a City of Business, Sport and Culture. Johannesburg is truly a sunshine City built on Gold. South Africa now recognises an impressive 11 official languages; English, Afrikaans, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Southern Sotho, Swati, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa, and Zulu. Of these, English and Afrikaans (South African Dutch) are the most widely spoken. Most people in South Africa speak English. Afrikaans heavily influences the way English is spoken in South Africa, and it may take some time to bend your ear around the way that it is spoken. This is in part due to the accent, and in part due to many Afrikaans words having been adopted as local colloquialisms. Johannesburg, or more commonly Jo'burg, is the largest city in South Africa. To truly experience this country, you should visit this sprawling and vibrant city of wealthy suburbs and massive townships. There is a healthy and expanding multi-racial music and theater scene as well as some excellent shopping in the suburbs of Sandton. Jo'burg is also an ideal stopping-off point for world-class sites such as Kruger National Park, famous for great safaris and Sun City, South Africa's entertainment capital.

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