41. Swahili Language History by Hassan O. AliCategory Science Social Sciences NigerKordofanian Swahili...... Regarding the history of the Swahili language, the older view linked to the the islandsof Comoro and Madagascar and even far beyond to south africa, Oman and http://www.glcom.com/hassan/swahili_history.html

A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE SWAHILI LANGUAGE (by Hassan O. Ali; revised by Abdurahman Juma) The Swahili language, is basically of Bantu (African) origin. It has borrowed words from other languages such as Arabic probably as a result of the Swahili people using the Quran written in Arabic for spiritual guidance as Muslims. As regards the formation of the Swahili culture and language, some scholars attribute these phenomena to the intercourse of African and Asiatic people on the coast of East Africa. The word "Swahili" was used by early Arab visitors to the coast and it means "the coast". Ultimately it came to be applied to the people and the language. Regarding the history of the Swahili language, the older view linked to the colonial time asserts that the Swahili language originates from Arabs and Persians who moved to the East African coast. Given the fact that only the vocabulary can be associated with these groups but the syntax or grammar of the language is Bantu, this argument has been almost forgotten. It is well known that any language that has to grow and expand its territories ought to absorb some vocabulary from other languages in its way. A suggestion has been made that Swahili is an old language. The earliest known document recounting the past situation on the East African coast written in the 2nd century AD (in Greek language by anonymous author at Alexandria in Egypt and it is called the Periplus of Erythrean Sea) says that merchants visiting the East African coast at that time from Southern Arabia, used to speak with the natives in their local language and they intermarried with them. Those that suggest that Swahili is an old language point to this early source for the possible antiquity of the Swahili language.

42. Museum Management   Administration PAUL KRUGER STREET PO BOX 413, PRETORIA south africa 0001 TEL 27 12 322 Discoverycentre click Calendar of events click Museum Shop click history click Future http://www.nfi.org.za/tmpage.html

Invertebrates Collections Class Arachnida collection Class Insecta Coleoptera collection Hymenoptera collection Lepidoptera collection ... Orthoptera collection Transvaal Museum - Invertebrate Specimen Identification click Vertebrates Collections Herpetology collection Mammal collection Ornithology collection Archaeozoology collection ... Archaeozoology course Palaeontology Collection Palaeontology collection Information Library click Digital information Slides Sound Database s Research Ecology (EIA) click Ethno-ecology click Invertebrate research Vertebrate research Palaeontology research PAUL KRUGER STREET PO BOX 413, PRETORIA SOUTH AFRICA TEL: 27 12 322-7632 FAX: 27 12 322-7939 Webmaster M. Burger Home Northern Flagship Institution Update March 2003 Public Communication Education click Publication Services click Publications: Annals of the Transvaal Museum Volume 39 click Museum General Information click Diplays click Discovery centre click Calendar of events click Museum Shop click History click Future click Contact us click Projects Jobs click Rightersveld field trip 2001 click What is in a Name or why does Taxonomy exist click Southern African Society for Systematic Biology IV 2003

43. Cricket World Cup - Live Coverage, South Africa, 2003, History Stats, Cricket Wo Coverage includes teams, preview, format, schedule, standings, news and venues. Live coverage and Category Sports Cricket ICC Events World Cup......cricket world cup live coverage, south africa, 2003, worldcup, statistics,history, stats, player profiles. Cricket World Cup. south http://worldcup.cricketzone.com/

Cricket World Cup South Africa, 2003 Teams World Cup 2003 Preview Format Schedue ... Live Cricket Score Card Bookmark this Page we will bring to you live coverage and analysis of all cricket matches from cricket world cup 2003 Introduction 54 matches will be played between February 9 and March 23 and an estimated 1.3 billion viewers will watch 210 men trying to prove that they are the best cricketers in the world. It won't get any bigger or better than this. Welcome to the eighth ICC Cricket World Cup in South Africa. more The Squads Special : Cricket World Cup 2003 - A Preview While defending champions Australia are the favorites to win the title, teams like India, South Africa, Pakistan, West Indies and Sri Lanka are also strong contenders for the title. more .. Schedule: Pool A : Australia, England, Pakistan, India, Zimbabwe, Namibia, Holland >> schedule Pool B : South Africa, Sri Lanka, West Indies, New Zealand, Kenya, Bangladesh, Canada >> schedule Live Cricket Coverage: Live Coverage Live Coverage - Cricket Score Card Indepth News Coverage: In-Depth : Cricket World Cup 2003 - IndiaExpress.Com

44. Nkosi Sikelel' IAfrica - South Africa's National Anthem Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika. south africa's National Anthem. Contents. Downloadaudio of Nkosi Siekele' iAfrika (.wav file, 1,339Kb). history. http://www.polity.org.za/misc/nkosi.html

Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika South Africa's National Anthem Contents The National Anthem History of Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika Enoch Sontonga - composer Classic Xhosa Version Original English Translation Current Xhosa Version Current Sotho Version ... Current Afrikaans Version Download audio of Nkosi Siekele' iAfrika (.wav file, 1,339Kb) History Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika was composed in 1897 by Enoch Sontonga , a teacher at a Methodist mission school in Johannesburg. It was one of many songs he composed, and he was apparently a keen singer who composed the songs for his pupils. The words of the first stanza were originally written in Xhosa as a hymn. In 1927 seven additional Xhosa stanzas were later added by Samuel Mqhayi, a poet. Most of Sontonga's songs were sad, witnessing the suffering of African people in Johannesburg, but they were popular and after his death in 1905 choirs used to borrow them from his wife. Solomon Plaatje, one of South Africa's greatest writers and a founding member of the ANC, was the first to have the song recorded. This was in London in 1923. A Sesotho version was published in 1942 by Moses Mphahlele. The Rev J L Dube's Ohlange Zulu Choir popularised Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika at concerts in Johannesburg, and it became a popular church hymn that was also adopted as the anthem at political meetings.

45. After Apartheid, Museums Rewrite South Africa’s History by. After Apartheid, Museums Rewrite south africa's history By RenaSinger Special to The Christian Science Monitor June 8, 2001. http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2001/06/0606_wiremuseums.html

Sign up for our free e-mail newsletter Also see: Today's Top Stories This Story E-mail this story Sponsored in part by After Apartheid, Museums Rewrite South Africa's History By Rena Singer Special to The Christian Science Monitor June 8, 2001 More News Diary of the Planet The Environment Travel National Geographic Today Special Series Digital Lifestyles: feature by Sony EarthPulse National Geographic Out There ... Mount Everest Expedition For almost 40 years, they stood half naked under glaring lights in a museum of fossils, whale skeletons, and stuffed animal specimens. The exhibit on southern Africa's first human inhabitants, the "Bushmen," was testimony to the long-held belief that blacks were subhuman, no more advanced that the antelope in the next room. The removal last April of the controversial "Bushman diorama" from the South Africa Museum in Cape Town signals the transformation of this nation's museums in the seven years since the end of apartheid. Once shrines to white achievements and superiority, museums increasingly reflect the ideals of this diverse and newly democratic nation. These new exhibits are giving South Africans their first uncensored look at themselves, and in the process, rewriting this nation's history. Naude's museum traded whitewashed apartheid-era exhibits on southern Africa's first European settlers for displays on the tragic experience of a black community through colonization and white rule. Another exhibit challenges South Africans to take a fresh look at the ancient rock art found throughout the region. It draws comparisons between rock paintings made by Bushmen (also known as San people) thousands of years ago and Leonardo DaVinci's "Last Supper."

46. African Videos | The Library Of African Cinema Across The Curriculum african history Cinema Studies Introduction To Contemporaryafrica Music and Politics and Government south africa Overcoming Apartheid http://www.newsreel.org/topics/acineacross.htm

Browse LIBRARY OF AFRICAN CINEMA videos by: Across The Curriculum African History Cinema Studies Colonial and Post-Colonial Identity Economic Development ... Films In French (Francophone Video) Films In Portuguese (Lusophone Video) African Documentary Public Library Starter Collection By Country By Director ... Library Of African Cinema (A-Z) Background on African Cinema: Viewing African Cinema : Six Pointers Film Text and Context : Reweaving Africa's Social Fabric Through Its Contemporary Cinema Other African Studies Resources Other California Newsreel Collections: AFRICAN AMERICAN PERSPECTIVES DIVERSITY TRAINING MEDIA AND SOCIETY MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS LIBRARY OF AFRICAN CINEMA See Africa through African Eyes Across the Curriculum You can find appropriate titles for your course by selecting from the Across the Curriculum topic list on the left or scroll down the page. African History Afrique, je te plumerai Le grand blanc de Lambarene Flame Keïta (The Heritage of the Griot) The Language You Cry In : From 18th century Sierra Leone to the Gullah people of present-day Georgia.

47. Footnotes To History- Subject Index Bantustans south africa's Homeland, or Bantustan , policy was thelogical endpoint of the apartheid mentality. Inaugurated in http://www.buckyogi.addr.com/footnotes/subject.htm

SUBJECT INDEX Artificial Islands - For some reason, the late 1960s saw a rash of artificial islands declared independent nations. None of the platform nation projects were successful, and with the clarification of international law under the 1982 Law of the Sea Convention, it appears that individuals, corporations, and other non-state entities may never gain the right to erect new sovereign entities on unclaimed or artificial territory. Well, it was fun while it lasted. See Abalonia Atlantis Minerva New Atlantis ... Isle of the Roses Bantustans See Bophutatswana Ciskei Transkei Venda Boer States - Throughout the Great Trek (and before), the Boers of South Africa organized a large number of provisional governments and nations. These are some of the governments that preceded the recognized Boer states of the 19th century. See Afrikaner Republic, Graaff-Reinet, Republic of Natalia , Stellaland Filibuster States - Adventurers from the United States tried to carve out many states in Latin America. The most successful, of course, was Texas. However, there were many others, throughout Mexico and the Caribbean. See Caribbea Le Champ d'Asile , East Florida, Florida Republic , Republic of Fredonia, Greytown , Republic of Lower California, Republic of Muskogee Natchez Republic , Republic of Sonora (Count Gaston Raousset-Boulbon), Republic of Tejas, West Florida Maroon Nations Maroon was the name given by the Spanish to runaway slaves. It came to mean any slave or group of slaves who had rebelled against or escaped from their masters. Maroon settlements were scattered throughout the Western Hemisphere, from the Amazon to Florida and North Carolina. Many former Maroon communities today, especially in the Guyanas and Jamaica, retain a distinct identity. Several communities of escaped slaves also formed in Africa itself.

48. Rhodes University - Www.ru.ac.za An internationally recognised University located in Grahamstown, south africa.Category Reference Education south africa Rhodes University...... East London 2003 enrolments as good as ever. Fort Hare and Rhodes make history.Events. 19/02/2003 Four @ The Rhodes Box Theatre. 17/02/2003 Gym Membership. http://www.ru.ac.za/

11 April 2003 Email Address Search News Biology laboratory on wheels Rhodes University Graduation 2003 ... Read more... WELCOME TO RHODES! ACADEMIC What's happening in the academic sphere of the University, ranging from lecture timetables to faculty and department information. Take the first steps in joining us! All you need to know about how to apply, costs involved, entrance requirements and financial assistance ALUMNI Update your Record, Reunions, Bequests, News, Donations and Lost Friends STUDENTZONE ROSS Everything you need to know about being a student at Rhodes University, from sports and societies to life in the residence system. Visiting international students find out more here. R hodes O nline S tudent S ervices is for current students. Check your exam results, account and personal information LIBRARY From manuscripts to the latest electronic journals, Rhodes Library is the place for all your information needs The administrative backup for research and teaching INTRANET Facility for Rhodes staff: Read or post draft documents, check your email or monitor electronic diaries. Log a computer problem or contact IT Support. Try our templates and photo archives for your next presentation.

49. ART HISTORY RESOURCES: Part 17 African Art Baule african Art/Western Eyes; south africa 1936 1949 Photographs by ConstanceStuart A Spiral of history; The Poetics of Line Seven Artists of the Nsukka http://witcombe.sbc.edu/ARTHafrica.html

Part 17 African Art Last modified: March 9, 2003 THIS PAGE The Arts of Africa SITE INDEX Contents Page Prehistoric Art Ancient Near East Ancient Egypt ... Asian Art AFRICAN ART Research Resources These pages are maintained by Chris Witcombe , Professor of Art History at Sweet Briar College , Virginia 24595 USA (phone: 434-381-6194 / fax: 434-381-6173). If you have any comments, or suggestions for additional links, or know of other interesting sites, please let me know: witcombe@sbc.edu Online since October 24, 1995 Looking for an artist? Recommended site THE ARTS OF AFRICA Top of Page African Art (through ArtLex Wonders of the African World (PBS presentation with Henry Louis Gates, Jr.), with links to: Black Kingdoms of the Nile The Swahili Coast The Slave Kingdoms The Holy Land ... Africa (at the British Museum The Sainsbury African Galleries Masquerade Pottery ... Ancient Egypt , with a link to Later Egypt Money Royal Museum for Central Africa , Tervuren, Belgium Modern African Art: A Basic Reading List compiled by Janet L. Stanley, National Museum of African Art Library, Smithsonian Institution Libraries Africa (Professor Ron Johnson) Art and Life in Africa Online , with links to: Key Moments in Life The Chronology of African Art (Professor Christopher D. Roy)

50. ART HISTORY RESOURCES ON THE WEB: Contents Indepth hyperlinked lists divided by period and maintained by Chris Witcombe, Professor of Art history Category Arts Art history Directories...... south africa south Korea Spain Sweden Switzerland Taiwan Turkey United States WalesVirtual Museums Museum Links. Various Miscellaneous Art history Various http://witcombe.sbc.edu/ARTHLinks.html

Prehistoric Art Prehistoric Art: General Paleolithic Art Mesolithic Art ... AWARDS and STATS Contents Prehistoric Ancient Near East Ancient Egypt Paleolithic Mesolithic Neolithic Mesopotamian Sumerian Akkadian Neo-Sumerian Babylonian Hittite Elamite Assyrian Neo-Babylonian Achaemid Persian Sassanian Egyptian Old Kingdom Middle Kingdom New Kingdom Ancient Greece Ancient Rome Art in Early Europe Aegean Cycladic Minoan Mycenaean Greek Hellenistic Etruscan Roman Scythian Celtic Iron-Age Europe Viking Middle Ages 15th Century 16th Century Early Christian Byzantine Islamic Early Medieval Carolingian Ottonian Romanesque Gothic Late Gothic in Italy Early Renaissance Northern Renaissance High Renaissance Mannerism Northern Renaissance 17th Century 18th Century 19th Century Baroque Late Baroque Rococo Neo-Classicism Romanticism Romanticism Neo-Classicism Realism Pre-Raphaelites Arts and Crafts Realism Impressionism Post-Impressionism Neo-Impressionism Pointillism Symbolism Art Nouveau 20th Century 21st Century Fauvism Expressionism Cubism Futurism Dada Surrealism Abstract Expressionism Pop Art Op Art Minimalism Performance Art Environmental Art Neo-Expressionism Post-modernism Contemporary Art Museums Centers Institutes Journals Reviews Prints Posters Photographs Asia Africa Asia Afghanistan Burma Cambodia China India Indus Valley Indonesia Japan Korea Laos Malaysia Nepal Pakistan Singapore Sri Lanka Taiwan Thailand Tibet Vietnam Akan Adinkra Adire Asanti Baule Bedu Benin Gelede Ife Igbo Ndebele Nok Yoruba Zulu North America

51. Africa South Of The Sahara Chronology of african history.Category Society history By Region africa...... http://campus.northpark.edu/history/WebChron/Africa/Africa.html

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52. Iafrica.com ISP with pops across south africa. Homepage covers a wide variety of news, entertainment, sport, weather, Category Regional africa Internet Service Providers...... MOTORING Alfa Romeo returns to SA tracks COOLSCIENCE Mule mom makes history HERLIFE Liquid Assets ENTERTAINMENT Impressive lineup for North Sea Jazz Fest http://iafrica.com/

Fri, 11 Apr 2003 ADVICE AFRICA AFRIKAANS AIDS WISE ... SEARCH Weather: Bethlehem Bloemfontein Cape Town Durban East London George Johannesburg Kimberley Ladysmith Nelspruit Pmb Polokwane Port Elizabeth Pretoria Richards Bay Upington Horoscope: Capricorn Aquarius Pisces Aries Taurus Gemini Cancer Leo Virgo Libra Scorpio Sagittarius Recipes: Starters Mains Desserts Sport results: Rugby Cricket Cricket World Cup African Soccer World Soccer Golf Tennis  Sharename: OR  Sharecode: WAR ON IRAQ Merchants fire on looters Shopkeepers in central Baghdad have opened fire on looters for the first time, forming quasi-militias to guard their stores against the chaos they say US troops are either incapable or unwilling to stop. Even Baghdad’s largest hospital has been looted and all the staff have fled with the exception of two doctors. US troops called to assist them replied that they had no orders to intervene – a reaction that has left some longing for the days of Saddam’s strongman. More ... Britain starts scaling back Gulf forces Mosul falls to Kurdish fighters Saddam regime dead or running - US ENTERTAINMENT: NEW MOVIE RELEASE Fifties melodrama doesn't quite work Todd Haynes' 'Far From Heaven' earned Julianne Moore a Best Actress nomination at the Oscars this year. It's a clever film, filled with lush colours and period details, but the Fifties melodrama fails to satisfy. Worth seeing anyway, if only for the parody, writes Jocelyn Newmarch.

53. MapZones.com History south africa, history, Back to Top. The early history of south africadates nearly 3 million years to Australopithicus africanus, one http://www.mapzones.com/world/africa/south_africa/historyindex.php

Country Info South Africa Introduction South Africa General Data South Africa Maps South Africa Culture ... South Africa Time and Date South Africa History Back to Top The early history of South Africa dates nearly 3 million years to Australopithicus africanus, one of the earliest human ancestors. Archaeological evidence indicates that people resembling the San (bush people) and the Khoikhoi inhabited southern Africa thousands of years ago. The San were traditionally hunters and gatherers while the Khoikhoi were nomadic and herded cattle. Centuries before whites settled in South Africa, Bantu-speaking groups migrated from west central Africa and settled in a fertile region between the Drakensberg Mountains and the Indian Ocean. These early Bantu people are thought to be the ancestors of the modern Nguni, a people comprising the Zulu, Xhosa, Swazi, and other groups. In 1652 Dutch East India Company official Jan van Riebeeck arrived at the Cape of Good Hope with orders to establish a fort and provision station for company ships on long journeys around Africa to Asia. Below Table Mountain, Cape Town eventually grew out of the first settlements around the Dutch fort. The original inhabitants Riebeeck encountered were the San and the Khoikhoi. At first, company officials bartered with them for cattle and set up gardens to grow fresh produce. By 1657 it became evident that the company’s farming efforts were inadequate, so a small number of company employees were released from their contracts and given land to work as independent farmers supplying the company’s needs. Khoikhoi livestock also proved insufficient for the needs of ships that stopped at the Cape, so the independent farmers, called free burghers, began raising livestock as well.

54. BBC SPORT | Cricket World Cup 2003 | Team Pages | South Africa Homepage Cricket World Cup Team Pages south africa Fixtures Results Tables AveragesPlayer Profiles Have Your Say history Photo Galleries http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport3/cwc2003/hi/team_pages/south_africa/default.stm

CATEGORIES TV RADIO COMMUNICATE ... INDEX SEARCH Low Graphics version Help Sport Homepage Cricket ... Fantasy Cricket Languages South Africa Last Updated: Monday, 31 March, 2003, 11:48 GMT SA pull out of Sharjah South Africa withdraw from the Sharjah Cup in the United Arab Emirates because of the Iraq conflict. SA confirm England trip South Africa's cricket authorities give the go-ahead to this year's tour of England. Smith seeks new spark New South Africa captain Graeme Smith tells BBC Sport he wants to reignite his side's passion for the game. PLAYER PROFILES Biographies, statistics and more Choose player Select Nicky Boje Mark Boucher Boeta Dippenaar Allan Donald Herschelle Gibbs Andrew Hall Jacques Kallis Gary Kirsten Lance Klusener Charl Langeveldt Makhaya Ntini Robin Peterson Shaun Pollock Graeme Smith Monde Zondeki FUN AND GAMES Sticky Wicket (second innings!) Try new levels in our top cricket game MORE STORIES Smith handed SA captaincy Cronje 'cover-up' revealed Smith picks up the pieces Sacked Pollock hits out ... Kallis commits to South Africa The Cricket World Cup chief answers your questions "They lost their way from the start" Jonathan Agnew on South Africa Fallout of failure Heads roll as beaten brigade count the cost of World Cup defeat MATCH REPORTS

55. Sacred Texts: African Religion Electronic versions of rare, public domain books about african traditional religion, including AfroCarib Category Arts Literature Myths and Folktales Myths african...... of Bushman Folklore by WHI Bleek and LC Lloyd 1911 south african Folk 1910 Fetichismin West africa by Rev. This work is a legendary history of Ethiopia. http://www.sacred-texts.com/afr/

The Internet Sacred Text Archive is available on CD-ROM. Every file with this icon is on the disk. Do your part to keep this site online and buy a copy today. Topics African Age of Reason Alchemy Americana ... Buy Books on African Spirituality African Religions South Africa The Bantu West and Central Africa Caribbean This section has texts on the traditional spirituality of Sub-Saharan Africa. The texts here have primarily been scanned from original copies in libraries. Finding texts about African religion in the public domain was not difficult. These books have a great amount of useful information on this topic, some of it written before colonialism destroyed or greatly modified aspects of traditional culture. The problem with these works is that they were for the large part written by Europeans with their particular biases and agendas. For this reason, we encourage you to 'read between the lines'. The texts here are provided for scholarly purposes. They may contain racist characterizations, errors of interpretation, or misrepresentations of traditional culture. For instance, the term 'Kaffir', which is used in many of these texts to refer to the Xhosa (Nelson Mandela's tribe), is now considered derogatory. Africa is home to a rich religious tradition. Refer to

56. History, South Africa: Page 1. Index To Biographical Entries. The Columbia Encyc history, south africa Page 1. Index to Biographical Entries. The ColumbiaEncyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001. 2001. history, south africa. http://www.bartleby.com/65/cat/bio/safrhistbio1.html

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference Columbia Encyclopedia Index to Biographical Entries PREVIOUS ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. History, South Africa

57. Royalty.nu -- Royalty In South Africa - History, News, Books (UK). A history of south africa by Leonard Monteath Thompson. Covers the region'shistory from the earliest known human habitation to modern times. (UK). Lobedu. http://www.royalty.nu/Africa/SouthAfrica.html

Royalty.nu World Royalty Africa > Republic of South Africa > Books About South Africa Search South African Royalty April 4, 2003 South Africa gets new Rain Queen March 12, 2003 R20m not enough for Zulu king March 2, 2003 The men who would be king February 25, 2003 - Royal news from South Africa: Key witness in Zulu prince murder shot dead Royal murder witnesses get security warning Zulu murder accused in court February 13, 2003 Seven in court over Zulu family attack January 27, 2003 - Royal news from South Africa: Cops nab 'mastermind' behind prince's murder Man wanted for Prince Zulu's murder killed January 26, 2003 - More news about the murder of Prince Mazwi Zulu High alert at prince's funeral Prince may have been 'mistaken' for his dad January 24, 2003 - A memorial service was held today for murdered South African prince Mazwi Zulu Mourners gather for royal funeral Three suspects in court over murder of Prince Mazwi Zulu January 22, 2003 - Today's royal news from South Africa: Four men detained after Prince Zulu's murder Zulu prince mourns loss of second son Chiefs reject notion of women becoming traditional leaders January 21, 2003 Prince Mazwi Zulu dies in hospital January 20, 2003

58. Bad Editorials: Letter From South Africa: * BAD EDITORIALS, Letter from south africa (Art) history in Reverse.JC Myers. Friday, February 23 2001, 919 PM. Certain coincidences http://eserver.org/bs/editors/2001-2-23.html

Art) History in Reverse B A D E D I T O R I A L S Letter from South Africa: (Art) History in Reverse J C Myers Friday, February 23 2001, 9:19 PM Certain coincidences invite the application of conspiracy theory. Others are sufficiently bizarre so as to rule out all conspiracies save one. "The only conspiracy I believe in," I once heard Ernest Mandel say, "is history." But in this case, it is the kind of history that Marx spoke of in The 18 th Brumaire : one that lurches and spirals backward after each brief step in the right direction. On 16 February 2001, the New York Times ran a story on artist Renee Cox whose painting, ‘Yo Mama’s Last Supper’, had been singled out for attack by New York Mayor Rudolph Giuliani. The painting, as the title suggests, is a variation on the Last Supper theme and features a nude woman in the place of Jesus. Having somehow gotten word of this (as I doubt Giuliani spends his Sunday afternoons wandering the halls of the Brooklyn Museum, in search of enlightenment), the Mayor declared that the painting represented yet another ‘anti-Catholic’ outrage and that he would do everything in his power to withdraw public funds from museums that dared to display such works. On the same day, some eight thousand miles away, in Cape Town, South Africa, the

59. Art History Doubles Art history doubles. Engraved stones from south africa could be theoldest works of art. 11 January 2002 JOHN WHITFIELD. 77,000year http://www.nature.com/nsu/020107/020107-11.html

updated at midnight GMT search nature science update advanced search Art history doubles Engraved stones from South Africa could be the oldest works of art. 11 January 2002 JOHN WHITFIELD 77,000-year-old engravings found in Africa. Scale bar = 1 cm Engraved stones found in a South African cave could be the earliest known artworks. The findings predate the oldest cave paintings by more than 40,000 years. About 77,000 years ago, human hands carved lines and triangles on two pieces of red ochre. The patterns show that people made abstract images and had the language and intellectual capacity to discuss their meaning, says Christopher Henshilwood of the South African Museum in Cape Town. "Clearly, they stand for something else - they're not idle doodles," says Henshilwood, pointing to the elaborateness of the design and its repetition on separate stones. But he has no idea what this something else might be: "We don't understand human thought that deep in time." Henshilwood and his colleagues found the stones in Blombos Cave, on the Southern Cape coast. The cave also contains finely carved bone tools and fishing equipment, suggesting that the cultural sophistication of the cave's inhabitants matched their technology. Red ochre "didn't just lie about the cave", Henshilwood adds. "It would have had to be brought 30 or 40 kilometres". The stone might also have been used for body paint or decoration, he says.

60. African Studies - Cambridge University Press Price £45.00. The Politics of Evil offers a new way of understanding politicalhistory in south africa. A Concise history of south africa Robert Ross http://publishing.cambridge.org/hss/areastudies/africa/

Home Area Studies African Studies African Studies ... Resources New titles email For news of new titles in Area Studies Search African Studies Highlight titles The Lion and the Springbok Ronald Hyam, Peter Henshaw British and South African relations from the Boer War to the present. Transforming Mozambique M. Anne Pitcher Study of Mozambique’s economic transformation and the social and political forces behind it. Environment, Power, and Injustice Nancy Jacobs This book explores the environmental dynamic in the history of rural black South Africans. Hardback ( Paperback Overcoming Intolerance in South Africa James L. Gibson, Amanda Gouws This book investigates the degree to which political tolerance effects democratic reform in South Africa. Africa since 1940 Frederick Cooper Bridges colonial and post-colonial history to explain the effects of political independence on the populace. Hardback The Politics of Evil Clifton Crais The Politics of Evil offers a new way of understanding political history in South Africa. Re-Imagining Rwanda Johan Pottier Pottier examines how a persuasive analysis of the situation in Rwanda exacerbated the original crisis.

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