41. MapZones.com History spain, history, Back to Top. The earliest records of an aboriginalpast in the Iberian Peninsula are Paleolithic cave paintings, found http://www.mapzones.com/world/europe/spain/historyindex.php

Country Info Spain Introduction Spain General Data Spain Maps Spain Culture ... Spain Time and Date Spain History Back to Top The Umayyad dynasty had ruled Muslim Spain for about three centuries. The greatest of its rulers was Abd-ar-Rahman III, who in 929 proclaimed himself caliph. His capital, Córdoba, became the most splendid city in Europe except for Constantinople (present-day Istanbul), and Spanish civilization during the Moorish supremacy was far in advance of that of the rest of the continent. Numerous schools were built, many of them free and for the education of the poor. At the great Muslim universities medicine, mathematics, philosophy, and literature were cultivated; the work of Greek philosopher Aristotle was studied there long before it was well known to Christian Europe. An extensive literature developed, the caliphs themselves being poets and authors of note, and art and architecture flourished. Countries Map or Maps Egypt Maps South Africa Maps England Maps France Maps ... mailto:info@mapzones.com?subject=Mail from HomePage

42. Jewish History Sourcebook: The Expulsion From Spain, 1492 CE Provides the written account of an Italian Jew in the Spring of 1495 describing the expulsion of Jews from spain. Jewish history Sourcebook The Expulsion from spain, 1492 CE http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/jewish/1492-jews-spain1.html

Back to Jewish History Sourcebook Back to Medieval Sourcebook Halsall History Web Sites Page Jewish History Sourcebook: The Expulsion from Spain, 1492 CE In the spring of 1492, shortly after the Moors were driven out of Granada, Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain expelled all the Jews from their lands and thus, by a stroke of the pen, put an end to the largest and most distinguished Jewish settlement in Europe. The expulsion of this intelligent, cultured, and industrious class was prompted only in part by the greed of the king and the intensified nationalism of the people who had just brought the crusade against the Muslim Moors to a glorious close. The real motive was the religious zeal of the Church, the Queen, and the masses. The official reason given for driving out the Jews was that they encouraged the Marranos to persist in their Jewishness and thus would not allow them to become good Christians. The following account gives a detailed and accurate picture of the expulsion and its immediate consequences for Spanish Jewry. It was written in Hebrew by an Italian Jew in April or May, 1495. And in the year 5252 [1492], in the days of King Ferdinand, the Lord visited the remnant of his people a second time [the first Spanish visitation was in 1391], and exiled them. After the King had captured the city of Granada from the Moors, and it had surrendered to him on the 7th [2d] of January of the year just mentioned, he ordered the expulsion of all the Jews in all parts of his kingdom-in the kingdoms of Castile, Catalonia, Aragon, Galicia, Majorca, Minorca, the Basque provinces, the islands of Sardinia and Sicily, and the kingdom of Valencia. Even before that the Queen had expelled them from the kingdom of Andalusia [1483]

43. Academic Info: Modern European History - Spain en español. history of spain Translation of Sí, spain A very nice general surveyof the history of spain from the first human settlements to the present. http://www.academicinfo.net/histspain.html

Home Keyword Search Subject Index Reference Desk ... Student Center Academic Info Spanish History History Europe Spain We Need Your Help Please take a minute to make a $10 tax-deductible donation. Academic Info is made possible by the generous financial support of users like you. Academic Info 19-143rd ST SW Lynnwood, WA 98037 The Spanish History page is sponsored by How would you like to sponsor this page? For a $100 tax-deductible donation you, your organization, department, or company are acknowledged here as a sponsor of the Spanish History. Email us at madin@academicinfo.net for details. Abacho SearchEngine Abacho Europe: Germany ; Austria ; Switzerland ; UK ; France ; Spain ; Italy ; Turkey. Yahoo! en español History of Spain Translation of Sí, Spain A very nice general survey of the history of Spain from the first human settlements to the present. D'Història "El fil d'Ariadna" Recursos (Links to History Resources) Florida Memory Project Spanish Land Grants "The first portion of an extensive series of Spanish land grant claims related to the territory that Spain ceded to the United States in 1821."

44. World Travel Guide - Spain - History And Government World Travel Guide spain - history Government - includes informationon the constitution and politics. WORLDTRAVELGUIDE.NET, http://www.travel-guide.com/data/esp/esp580.asp

OAS_sitepage = URL + '/Europe/Spain/HistoryandGovernment'; WORLD TRAVEL GUIDE .NET GUIDES World Travel Guide World City Guide World Airport Guide World Cruise Guide ... World Weather TOOLS Holiday Brochures Mini Guide Online Bookstore World Clock ... Reservations APPENDICES How to Use This Guide Health Disabled Travellers Buddhism ... Travel Warnings LANGUAGES Deutsch Dutch Español Français ... Spain History and Government History: The spirit of Reconquista , the fierce flame that burned throughout so much of the medieval period (roughly comparable to the Islamic concept of Jihad This was short-lived and was effectively crushed by General Franco in the Spanish Civil War of 1936-1939. His fascist regime lasted until his death in 1975, when the monarchy was restored. By March 1978, a democratic constitutional monarchy had been put in place. During the 1980s and the early 1990s, domestic politics were dominated by the Partido Socialista Obrero Español (PSOE, Socialist Party), under the leadership of Felipe Gonzalez, an archetype of the new generation of Spanish socialists who favoured pragmatism and technocratic development in favour of ideology. In 1982 and again in 1986, the Socialists won an absolute majority in the Cortes (national assembly). In October 1989, Gonzalez again went to the country to seek his third successive term.

45. Spain's History Of Flight spain. The first recorded Spanish attempt aspiration toward flight. Thefirst balloons were seen over spain soon after 1783. At first http://www.flight100.org/history/spain.html

SPAIN The first recorded Spanish attempt to fly a heavier-than-air machine occurred on 16 May 1793, when Dieto Martín Aguilera, a shepherd from Coruña del Conde, Burgos, apparently made a flight of about 360 meters with his flapping-wing creation. It is impossible to determine how much truth there is to the story of Marin, but it seems that he did achieve some gliding flight, surviving after structural failure and a crash landing. Marín, who had no formal scientific education, was endowed with a special technical ingenuity and is a good example of the ageless human aspiration toward flight. The first balloons were seen over Spain soon after 1783. At first they were usually unmanned, but in the last decade of the 18th century, experimenters or showmen occupied the balloon car. In 1792, a Spanish-built balloon, intended to serve as a military observation post, was demonstrated before King Carlos IV at El Escorial. The balloon had been designed by the French chemist Joseph Louis Proust, who was professor of the Royal Artillery College of Segovia and held the rank of captain. Officers and cadets of the college had helped in the construction. Leonardo Torres Quevedo, a Spanish engineer and inventor, devised the funicular suspension, a fully flexible system that permitted the use of short cars in rigid Zeppelin airships. The Torres airship has a trilobed envelope when inflated. The prototype was built in the Spanish military's Aerostatic Service facility and tested in 1908. The French Astra company acquired the rights of the Torres Quevedo system and built the airships under the name Astra-Torres. During the First World War, the Allied navies successfully used a large quantity of Torres airships (about 20 of the French and more than fifth of the British were used mainly for anti-submarine patrol.)

46. CyberSpace Search! SEARCH THE WEB. Results 1 through 4 of 4 for history of spain. http://www.cyberspace.com/cgi-bin/cs_search.cgi?Terms=history of spain

47. Spain's History spain's history. Introduction. Early spain was made up of a diverserace of people. The first to appear were the Iberians, a Libyan http://staff.esuhsd.org/~balochie/studentprojects/spain/history.html

Spain's History Introduction Over the six centuries of Rome's ruling they left a big impact on Spain. They left the: Roman law, the Christian religion, and the Latin language. After the Romans had left Spain many other tribes of people tried to conquer Spain but most of them lost against the Visigoths. The Visigoths had complete control over Spain at the time. Then during the 8th century Arabs started entering from the South. They had started to conquer most of the country except for one portion in the North (but eventually was conquered eight centuries later). The period of Muslim sway is divided into three periods: The Emirate (711 to 756 A.D.), the Caliphate (756 to 1031 A.D.) and the Reinos de Taifas (1031 to 1492 A.D.) In 1469, the marriage of the Catholic Monarchs, Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon, prepared the way for the union of the two kingdoms and marked the opening of a period of growing success for Spain, since during their reign, Granada, the last stronghold of the Arabs in Spain, was conquered and, at the same time, in the same historic year of 1492, the caravels sent by the Crown of Castile under the command of Christopher Columbus discovered America. The Canary Islands became part of Spanish territory (1495), the hegemony of Spain in the Mediterranean, to the detriment of France, was affirmed with the conquest of the Kingdom of Naples, and Navarre was incorporated into the Kingdom. The next two centuries, the 16th and the 17th, witnessed the construction and apogee of the Spanish Empire as a result of which the country, under the aegis of the Austrians, became the world's foremost power, and European politics hinged upon it.

48. Index Of /~balochie/studentprojects/spain/History/ DIR Parent Directory Democratic Transition+......Index of /~balochie/studentprojects/spain/history/. Name Last modifiedSize http://staff.esuhsd.org/~balochie/studentprojects/spain/History/

Index of /~balochie/studentprojects/spain/History/ Name Last modified Size Description Parent Directory Democratic Transition+ 31-May-00 14:26 2K First Human Settlemen+ 31-May-00 14:26 1K

49. Spain - History - Galleyslaves Books The Jews of spain A history of the Sephardic Experience, by Jane S. Gerber,(The Free Press, 1994), 333pp, illustrated, $15.25 (paperback). GS 5519. http://www.galleyslaves.com/spainhst.htm

Spain history Galleyslaves Books Book covers with publisher's comments. Any comments of our own are in blue italic. Spain: The Root and the Flower: An Interpretation of Spain and the Spanish People , by John A. Crow, (University of California Press, 1985), 3rd edition, 465pp, $77.00 (hardcover). GS#1615 Ordering Information Spain: The Root and the Flower: An Interpretation of Spain and the Spanish People by John A. Crow, (University of California Press, 1985), 3rd edition, 465pp, $22.85 (paperback). GS#1616 Ordering Information I n Spain: The Root and the Flower , John A. Crow updates and expands his classic study of the cultural history of Spain and its people. The scope of this richly textured book is remarkable and includes chapters on Roman Spain, the Jews in Spain, the Moors, life in medieval towns, the Golden Age of Spain, and other epochs in Spanish history. In addition, Crow extensively updates later chapters to reflect changing events in the last ten years in Spain, and he expands his chapter on "Franco’s Legacy." The Times Literary Supplement said: "The distinctive features of the book are indeed the author’s deep insight into the mores of the country, the fundamental psychology of the Spanish people as shared by geography and history, and his enthusiasm for the brilliance of Spain’s culture, which has at all times dwarfed the political ephemera. The essential political facts are there, but far more important and meaningful-to him and to us-is the environmental lore that Dr. Crow has gleaned from his many journeys since he first went to Spain in 1928: wisdom and understanding which he now distills for us in a lively idiom that is in the best tradition of humane Hispanists.

50. Books On Spain And Spanish History To Buy Online Top site for Books on spain and Spanish history to buy online at excellentprices. Welcome to Books on spain and Spanish history http://spain-history-books.littleinternet.net/

Welcome to Books on Spain and Spanish History the top site for Books on Spain and Spanish History to buy online Keywords: spain, history, spanish history, history of spain, history books about spain All our books are provided in association with Amazon - meaning that you benefit from the same low prices , quality customer service , and quick delivery times of the world's leading online book supplier. Spain's Road to Empire: The Making of a World Power, 1492-1763 by Henry Kamen Published: Nov 2002 info Henry Kamen demonstrates how the traditional view of the Spanish Empire as the all-conquering enemy of Protestant Europe has distorted our knowledge of its achievements. Shorn of this "black legend", Spain's complex impact on world history becomes far more apparent - but also, in new ways, just as disturbing. White Storm: 100 Years of Real Madrid by Phil Ball Published: Oct 2002 info Real Madrid have won 28 league titles, eight European cups, 12 Spanish cups, two UEFA cups and two World Cup Championship titles since the beginning of the 20th century. The clubs story however, is much more than the mere sum of its achievements. There have been legends at every step, and behind the shine of trophies there is the darker side of the club's association with fascism - its role as the pure white ambassador to Franco's jackbooted vision of a centralized Spain. This volume divides the clubs history into six distinct periods - from its founations, through the war years, to the golden period of Di Stefano and Puskas; the "hippie years"; the "Quinta del Buitre" (Butragueno's Gang) and ending with the modern period which dates from the contemporary embodiment of Madridismo - Raul.

51. Espanya: Història I Geografia. España: Historia Y Geografia. Spain: History An DE ESPAÑA; history and Culture of spain; spain; TODO SOBRE ESPAÑA; http://www.xtec.es/~aguiu1/socials/hispania.htm

Espanya XIX i XX: Segon de Batxillerat IES Casas Viejas Rutes per Catalunya i per Espanya Cartografia: Estat Espanyol i Autonomies UBWeb* Mapes Spain Politicial Interactive Map Espacios naturales protegios Todalaley ... Hispania romana Medieval i Moderna Moriscos de Andalucia Castillos de la Corona de Castilla Biblioteca de Historia Carlos V ... El Tiempo y la Humanidad (U. Zaragoza) Diversos Hispania: Patronato Niceto Alcala-Zamora Historia Virtual History and Culture of Spain ... Archiespa. Directori d'arxius Archivos Estatales Diccionario de Autoridades de la RAE Eusko Ikaskuntza (Sociedad de Estudios Vascos) Primeros asentamientos humanos ... La dictadura franquista

52. SPAIN. History, Conflicting Interpretations Of spain. history, conflicting interpretations of. Subject spain. history, conflictinginterpretations of; From Ronald Hilton hilton@stanford.edu ; http://www.ku.edu/~kantext/espora-l/2000/02/msg00022.html

Date Prev Date Next Thread Prev Thread Next ... Thread Index SPAIN. History, conflicting interpretations of To hilton@stanford.edu Subject : SPAIN. History, conflicting interpretations of From hilton@stanford.edu Date : Thu, 10 Feb 2000 15:17:44 -0800 Cc ESPORA-L@UKANS.EDU molinero@stanford.Stanford.EDU DDUMITR@CALSTATELA.EDU Reply-To ESPORA-L@listproc.cc.ukans.edu Sender owner-ESPORA-L@listproc.cc.ukans.edu Having gone to Madrid in early 1931, I witnessed the fall of the Spanish monarchy. Then came the republic and the Civil War (1936), during which I was evacuated. I had known many of the leading political and intellectual figures, including Ortega y Gasset and García Lorca. Although my sympathies lay with the republic, I felt it was betrayed by the group represented by García Lorca and his group and by Picasso, whom I view as clowns fooling the gullible. In 1937 I came to the University of California at Berkeley, then regarded as the leading center of Hispanic studies in the United States,. Wandering through the library stacks, I came across the works of Emilia Pardo Bazán, who was commonly dismissed as the author of two or three novels. Her complete works number almost ninety volumes. Only a few of them had been read; I had to cut the pages of all the rest. I was amazed to discover a highly intelligent, well-read woman, who threw light on the whole history of the Spain of her period. I wrote a volume entitled

53. SISSCOWEB - WWW-VL - Spanish History Index - WWW-VL Gateway to Spanish history.Category Regional Europe spain Society and Culture history...... http://www.ku.edu/carrie/ms_room/martin_coll/gatewaysp.htm

Welcome to the Spanish History Index

54. Tarifa Spain, History, Culture, How To Get There.. Because of the strategically positioning of Tarifa spain, many different cultures have left their trace. Visit all the monuments, castles, caves with guided http://www.tarifa.net/html/basetarifa.html

55. Bigchalk: HomeworkCentral: Spain (History By Nation) history history by Nation spain. GENERAL history A Brief history ofspain; Heads of State (1822Present); Historical Overview (Encarta); http://www.bigchalk.com/cgi-bin/WebObjects/WOPortal.woa/Homework/High_School/His

Home About Us Newsletters My Products ... Product Info Center Email this page to a friend! K-5 Spain document.write(''); document.write(''); document.write(''); document.write(''); GENERAL HISTORY A Brief History of Spain Heads of State (1822-Present) Historical Overview (Encarta) ... Contact Us

56. Bigchalk: HomeworkCentral: Medieval & Renaissance Spain (History) Islamic Conquest of spain; Islam in spain; Medieval spain Short history;Muslim spain and European Culture; Overview; spain under the http://www.bigchalk.com/cgi-bin/WebObjects/WOPortal.woa/Homework/High_School/Reg

Home About Us Newsletters My Products ... Product Info Center Email this page to a friend! K-5 document.write(''); document.write(''); document.write(''); document.write(''); GENERAL World Book Online Article on ALFONSO X World Book Online Article on ALFONSO XIII Alfonso "el Sabio"works by/commissioned by him ... Contact Us

57. A2Z Languages - Valencia, Spain - History Whatever the preRoman ethnic roots of eastern spain may have been, the fact is Valenciahas been the home of many cultures over its history Romans, Visigoths http://www.a2zlanguages.com/spain/Valencia/valhistory.htm

Program Locations Argentina Austria Bolivia Brazil Chile Costa Rica Dominican Republic Ecuador France Germany Greece Guatemala Italy Mexico Peru Portugal Puerto Rico Russia Spain Venezuela History: Valencia Long before the arrival of the Romans in Spain, Iberian people inhabited the territory of what is now Valencia. This early stratum was successively overlaid with Greeks, Romans, Visigoths and Muslims. Whatever the pre-Roman ethnic roots of eastern Spain may have been, the fact is that it was intensely Romanized. However, even greater was the subsequent Muslim influence. Valencia has been the home of many cultures over its history: Romans, Visigoths, Moors and the Aragonese all made the city an important cultural and financial centre. During the 15th and 16th centuries, Valencia became one of the major economic powers on the Mediterranean seaboard. It was the time of the Valencian siglo de oro (Golden Age), which was characterized by splendour in the arts at the hands of Joanot Martorell (author of Tirant lo Blanc, the first modern European novel), Ausias March, Roig de Corella, Isabel de Villena, Jordi de Sant Jordi and Jaume Roig, among others. During the War of Spanish Succession, Valencia sided with archduke Charles of Austria, and after the victory of the Bourbons at the Battle of Almansa (April 1707), Phillip V abolished the local privileges, or fueros. In 1874, Alfonso XII was proclaimed constitutional king at Sagunto, north of Valencia.

58. Travel In Majorca, Spain - History - WorldTravelGate.net® Mallorca (Majorca) - history. Charles I of spain, also known as Charles V the HolyRoman Emperor, accompanied by a huge retinue paid his second visit to Palma http://www.eurotravelling.net/spain/majorca/majorca_history.htm

Mallorca - (Majorca) History Incensed by Balearic piracy, Rome sent an expedition led by the Roman consul Quintus Cecilius Metelus to teach the Islanders the error of their ways. Victory was followed by 3,000 colonists who spread through the Island or settled around the Almudaina - the first part of the city to be walled- and Pollentia in the north. The Palma-Pollentia road follows the ancient Roman way very closely, although the site of Tuccis, a staging post has still not been identified. With the arrival of the Christian religion, the first churches were built on the Island, although no remains have been found in Palma. At this time, Roman power had begun to wane and the Island was subject to raids by Vandals, Byzantines and Moors. Historically, very little is known about this period. Gundericus the Vandal sacked Palma but abandoned the town, which remained under Roman rule. Gensericus, brother and successor to Gundericus, conquered the Islands and persecuted the Christians. Hunneric, his son and successor called the bishops of Mallorca and Eivissa - Macarius and Helias - to Constantinople and asked them to recant. On their refusal they were exiled and persecution began again. Once again the poor rose up against the rich landlords in an uprising known as les germanies . This time the "agermanats"or peasants, seized and entered Palma, sacking the mansions of the rich, many of whom had fled to find refuge behind the walls of Alcϊdia in the north of the Island. Although the rebels were, in fact, loyal to Carlos I, he quite naturally supported his nobles and ordered reprisals. The leader, Joanot Colom, was tortured and beheaded and his head displayed at the gate close to the Santa Margalida Church.

59. The History Of Spain 409415, Germanic tribes including the Vandals occupy spain. idealspain.comSee our full image library of spain and buy images here. http://www.idealspain.com/Pages/Information/history1.htm

Important dates in Spain's history Where you see this symbol you can click for more information First indications of human habitation on the Iberian peninsula date from this time Last of the neanderthals live in Gibraltar Megalithic civilisation flourishes in southern Iberia Phoenician traders settle in Cadiz Carthaginians founded Barcio (Barcelona) Romans occupy Iberia Julius Caesar is governor of Andalucia Italica born Trajan becomes Emperor of Rome Germanic tribes including the Vandals occupy Spain Tariq ibn Ziyad lands at Gibraltar. Moorish conquest of Spain begins Christians defeat Muslims in northern Spain, initiating the Reconquest of Iberia which takes 772 years Construction begins on Cordoba Mosque Ramon Berenguer IV marrries Petronella, 2 year old daughter of King Ramiro II of Aragon thus ensuring the union of Catalunya and Aragon. Almohads invade Spain from northern Africa Alfonso I (son of Ramon Berenguer) proclaimed himself the first king of Catalunya-Aragon Christian armies defeat Moors at Navas de Tolosa marking the beginning of the end of Moorish reign Jaume I (most celebrated of Catalan Kings) drives Moors from Mallorca. Menorca follows in 1231 and Ibiza in 1235

60. Bits Of Spain - History This resulted in the northern regions of spain gaining more of an identity ratherthan being viewed as merely passages between Hispania and the rest of the http://www.bitsofspain.info/history.htm

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