21. Nubia/Sudan Archaeology/Mahas Survey The Archaeology, history and culture of Nubia and northern sudan. http://www.spicey.demon.co.uk/Nubianpage/index.htm

EXPLORING NUBIA Archaeology in Sudan The Mahas Survey Mahas 2002 reports now being added last updated 14/03/2003 contact: nubarch@oldnubia.com top of page

22. Sudan - Culture, History, Economy, Trade, Government, Tourism, Media sudan culture, history, economy, trade, government, tourism. http://www.arab.de/arab/Arab_Countries/Sudan/

www.arab.de Friday, April 11 2003 Sudan related web sites Add your Site Modify URL What's New? What's Cool? ... Home Page Pages: About Sudan Land, capital, climat, language, health regulations, currency, customs ( Hits: 188 Rating: 10.00 Votes: 1) Cool? Rate It Hot? Recommend It Bad? Report It Encarta Encyclopedia - Sudan Land and Resources, Population, Economy, Government, History ( Hits: 471 Rating: Votes: 0) Cool? Rate It Hot? Recommend It Bad? Report It Michael's Sudan Page provides info about Sudan, Sudanese art, Sudanese music, Sudanese news, Ancient Sudan ( Hits: 302 Rating: Votes: 0) Cool? Rate It Hot? Recommend It Bad? Report It Republic of the Sudan General info, Constitution and Government, Economy, History, Communications ( Hits: 255 Rating: Votes: 0) Cool? Rate It Hot? Recommend It Bad? Report It Sudan ABC Country Book presents a brief overview of Sudan's economy including national profit, trade, and debt figures ( Hits: 102 Rating: Votes: 0) Cool? Rate It Hot? Recommend It Bad? Report It Sudan Country Analysis: energy and environmental overview, general background and brief history ( Hits: 110 Rating: 10.00 Votes: 1)

23. Sudan - A Cultural Profile Pr©sentation g©n©rale du pays et de sa culture par le Minist¨re canadien de la citoyennet© et de l'immigration. http://cwr.utoronto.ca/cultural/fre/sudan/

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24. Links To Sudan - Government Economy History Culture - Soudan Sudán Sudão Links to sudan related web sites Soudan Sudán Sudão. sudan - People, culture,Politics, Current News. sudan Page, sudan.Net Link. Republic of the sudan. http://www.arab.de/sudan.htm

Sudan Country Profile Sudan History Recommend it! More Sites related to Sudan? Search on ARAB! Sudan - People, Culture, Politics, Current News Sudan Page, Sudan.Net Link Republic of the Sudan Statistical Facts on Sudan Relevant Information on Sudan Miftah Shamali Sudan - Business, Agriculture ArabNet Sudan Recent Stories about Sudan The Washington Post Basic Information on Sudan Sudan Home Page by Yasin Miheisi Sudan WWW Sites Sudan - Alhajeri, Saud Sudan Interactive Factbook ABC Country Book of Sudan General Information with many links Africaland Sudan Essential Information on Sudan Global Chamber of Commerce - Business in Sudan Sudan - General information Access to Arabia Sudan - Passport and Visa Services Travel Document Systems Comments or suggestions? E-mail webmaster@arab.de

25. Arabbay.com - Arab Countries : Sudan : Culture & Society : Arab Women cgibin/links/admin/includes/header.htm. cgi-bin/links/admin/includes/bar-categories.htm,cgi-bin/links/admin/includes/left-side-categories.htm, http://www.arabbay.com/Arab_Countries/Sudan/Culture_&_Society/Arab_Women/

Home Add a Site Modify a Site New Sites ... Yemen Worth a Click Free Stuff More Free Offers All Newspapers Feed Back ... Sudan : Arab Women Categories Cosmetics Dating Fashion Issues ... Advanced Options... Check Out Hosting Plans Newsletter Phone Cards Cool Offers Stay informed of new addition to ArabBay Subscribe Remove Newsletter Sign Up On The Menu Hosting World Media Top Rated What's Cool ... Link to us Partners Corporate Info. About ArabBay Link to us Advertise Privacy Policy Worth a Visit Home Add a Site Modify a Site New Sites ... info@arabbay.com

26. Arabbay.com - Arab Countries : Sudan : Culture & Society : Arab Women : Modeling Advanced Options Top Arab Countries sudan culture Society Arab Women Modeling. Hosted by Arab Hosting Network. Advanced Options Check Out. http://www.arabbay.com/Arab_Countries/Sudan/Culture_&_Society/Arab_Women/Modelin

Home Add a Site Modify a Site New Sites ... Yemen Worth a Click Free Stuff More Free Offers All Newspapers Feed Back ... Arab Women : Modeling Advanced Options... Check Out Hosting Plans Newsletter Phone Cards Cool Offers Stay informed of new addition to ArabBay Subscribe Remove Newsletter Sign Up On The Menu Hosting World Media Top Rated What's Cool ... Link to us Partners Corporate Info. About ArabBay Link to us Advertise Privacy Policy Worth a Visit Home Add a Site Modify a Site New Sites ... info@arabbay.com

27. SUDAN Online List sudan Online List ( Version One) Index ProfilesPages. Resources. back to index Development-Aid. backto index Human Rights. back to index culture-History -Arts. http://www.sas.upenn.edu/African_Studies/Country_Specific/sd_online.html

S udan O nline L ist V ersion O ne Sudan Online List is a collection of sites related to Sudan on the Internet. It was compiled using different Internet research tools. Sudan Online List does not claim to be a comprehensive list about Sudan on the Internet. As the Internet is changing rapidly many sites and documents are to be searched and included. Compiling list of this kind requires a lot of time and effort. Searching Sudan by using the Internet search engines could be misleading and time consuming as they may point to any document that contain the name SUDAN . You have to wade through hundreds of insignificant doucments and sites to find the subject of your interest. I spent a lot of time looking up sites to find out they are sites for a software named Soudan, homepages for some guys from Turkey with the last name Sudan, gifs for family's vacation in the red sea.. etc.!! I tried , in this list, to regroup sites or documents of relatively similar nature under certain categories defined by topic. By this I hope surfing the Internet for Sudan-related sites would be a lot easier and cost you less time online Sudan Online List is a list under construction. It would be updated and maintained regulary. As many other sites are yet to be added, the current enteries will be modified to further improve seaching.

28. MapZones.com : Sudan sudan Map, History, culture, People, Population, Climate, Economy, Animal and plants,Languages,capital, island, major city, province, Communications,State http://atlas.freegk.com/world/africa/sudan/sudan.php

Country Info Sudan Introduction Sudan General Data Sudan Maps Sudan Culture ... Sudan Time and Date Sudan Introduction Back to Top Sudan, Republic of, republic in north-eastern Africa, the largest country of the African continent. It is bordered on the north by Egypt; on the east by the Red Sea, Eritrea, and Ethiopia; on the south by Kenya, Uganda, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo; and on the west by the Central African Republic, Chad, and Libya. Sudan has a total area of 2,505,800 sq km (967,490 sq mi). Khartoum is the capital and largest city. Official Name- Republic of Sudan Capital City -Khartoum Languages- Arabic (official), local dialets Official Currency- Sudanese Dinar Religions - Muslim, Christian, traditional beliefs Population- 35,530,000 Land Area- 2,376,000 sq km (917,374 sq miles) Home World Countries Privacy About Us ... info@mapzones.com

29. Sudan : Art And Culture Click Here, Front Page sudan Art and culture. Search externalsources here. Community Aid Abroad sudan Collection of articles http://i-cias.com/sud_art.htm

Front Page Sudan : Art and Culture Search external sources here Community Aid Abroad: Sudan Collection of articles and links that highlight development and the human rights situation in the country. Just Grieve 4 Sudan Resources on current conflicts in Sudan, with links to reports, geographical information, and organizations. South Sudan OnLine Project Unpublished maps, links, and bibliographies of maps. Sudan's Man-Made Famine It received international attention in the early 1980s. The civil war and famine persist. United Methodist Committee on Relief: Sudan Learn about famine relief and development projects.

30. Sudan ArabNet sudan Includes sections on the country's history, geography,culture, and government. Map of sudan Interactive quality map. http://i-cias.com/sud.htm

Front Page : Sudan Search external sources here Art and Culture Business and Economy Cities and Places ... Education Free classified ads Government and Politics News resources Personal home pages Research and Science ... About Sudan Covers economy, people, defense, transportation, and more. ArabNet: Sudan Includes sections on the country's history, geography, culture, and government. Map of Sudan Interactive quality map. Miftah Shamali - Sudan Travel and information guide. Republic of Sudan Information and images about the country. Sudan Sudan Information from Model League of Arab States Sudan A Country Study Overview of history, geography, population, government, economy, and more from the Library of Congress Area Handbook Series. Sudan Net Comprehensive site with information on Sudan, the latest news, and links related to Sudan. Sudan Page Features on-line resources related to Sudan. Sudan Site History, geography, and more.

31. Music And Dance In Sudan There are several types of local instruments used in playing music in sudan, chordophones,idiophones, rhythmic, particularly in the southern Blue Nile regions http://www.sudani.co.za/Education and Cultural Features/Culture/Culture.htm

General Education Higher Education Culture People ... Cultural centers and public libraries Music and Dance Music Sudanese music, in the North, is based on the pentatonic. There are several types of local instruments used in playing music in Sudan, chordophones, idiophones, rhythmic, particularly in the southern Blue Nile regions, the native land of the Ingessana tribes. Of the most common instruments throughout Sudan is the Tambour. This is a chordophone instrument; with several different names in Sudan, but with basically the same features and principles. Of these names, there are also the Al Rabbaba, and Um Kiki, which is common in western and southern Sudan. As for the rhythmic instruments, the most common are drums with all of their variations and usage. A well-known type of drums is the Nihas, a large drum, which was used for public announcements and celebrations by many tribes, especially in western Sudan. Also there is the Taar, a smaller instrument that is widespread in the northern tribes, especially the Halfaween (Baraabra) tribes who use the Taar as an accompaniment in their dancing and songs. The Sufi sects also play the Taar in their hymens and religious incantations. Then thre is the Nuggaara, which is another type of drum, common with the tribes of south and west Sudan. Serving the same functions as those of the Taar for the northern Sudan.

32. History sudan's History and sudanese culture. uHistory Mahdist Revolt Mahdiu. Resources to sudan's culture Heritage. History. From remote http://members.tripod.com/~abdelaati/history.html

Sudan's History and Sudanese Culture u History Mahdist Revolt u British-Egyptian Sovereignty u Sudanization and Independence u u u A New Mahdi u History During the 16th century, the Funj emerged as a powerful Muslim state, and Sennar became one of the great cultural centers of Islam. Dissension among the leading Funj tribes vastly weakened the kingdom during the final years of the 18th century. In 1820, it was invaded by an Egyptian army. The ensuing war ended in 1822 with a complete victory for Egypt (at that time a province of the Ottoman Empire). The greater part of Nubia thereupon became an Egyptian province, known as the Egyptian Sudan. Turkish-Egyptian rule, which was marked by southward expansion of the province, endured for 60 years. Internal unrest, resulting from the slave trade and general administrative incompetence, mounted steadily during this period. Between 1877 and 1880, when the British general and administrator Charles George Gordon served as governor of Egyptian Sudan, efforts were made to suppress the slave trade and other abuses. Back to the Top Mahdist Revolt Back to the Top British-Egyptian Sovereignty Despite growing discontent among Egyptian nationalists, who demanded termination of British authority in Sudan, the Egyptian government concluded a treaty with Great Britain in 1936 that confirmed, among other things, the convention of 1899. Egyptian antagonism over the arrangement became especially acute following World War II (1939-1945). In 1946 the two nations began negotiations to revise the treaty of 1936. The Egyptian government demanded British withdrawal from Sudan, and the British proposed certain modifications of the existing regime. The negotiations between the two countries ended in deadlock.

33. TradeXport - Africa - Sudan - Culture 36,736 sites/1,913 categories /64 visitors this month, http://216.54.220.4/Dir/Africa/Sudan/Culture/Index.cfm

36,736 sites/1,913 categories /137 visitors this month Friday, 11 April 2003 Country Map Business Guide Africa Sudan : Culture

34. Sudan Society & Culture Guide  Arabji.Com/sudan, sudan Society culture. Gateway to Nubia. NAPATA Site on Nubianculture. The Nubian Homepage. sudan Artist's Gallery. Miftah Shammali sudan. http://www.arabji.com/Sudan/soc.htm

Arabji Com /Sudan Arabic Pan Arab Sudan Community Aid Abroad: Sudan A collection of articles and links that highlight development and the human rights situation in Sudan Just Grieve 4 Sudan Resources on current conflicts in Sudan, with links to reports, geographical information, and organizations. United Methodist Committee on Relief: Sudan About famine relief and development projects. Miftah Shamali Relevant Information on Sudan Sudan Home Page by Yasin Miheisi Basic Information on Sudan Sudan - Alhajeri, Saud Sudan WWW Sites ABC Country Book of Sudan Sudan Interactive Factbook Free South Sudan The people of the South Sudan. Basic information [Medea database] Exploring Nubia Gateway to Nubia NAPATA Site on Nubian Culture The Nubian Homepage Sudan Artist's Gallery Miftah Shammali: Sudan Republic of Sudan Web Site (by Thee Monawar) ... Languages of Sudan Ethnologue Database Hassan al-Tourabi [Medea database] Ismail Share My name is Is mail Share if Suliman from Khartoum the capital of Sudan Welcome to my homepage - my music center!

35. Resilience And Culture/Ethnicity Examples From Sudan, Namibia, And Armenia FullText Publications. Resilience and culture/Ethnicity Examplesfrom sudan, Namibia, and Armenia 1. Edith H. Grotberg, Ph.D. The http://resilnet.uiuc.edu/library/grotb98b.html

Full-Text Publications Resilience and Culture/Ethnicity Examples from Sudan, Namibia, and Armenia Edith H. Grotberg, Ph.D. Differentiating culture/ethnic groups The limits of identifying characteristics unique to cultural/ethnic groups are well described by J.S. Phinney (1996). In reviewing the literature, she indicates that much of the research is limited in definition, measurement and differentiation of group characteristics. The results are generalizations rather than specifics about whether a cultural/ethnic group stresses individualism more than collectivism; independence more than interdependence; separation more than family affiliation; acquisition for self more than generosity; self-fulfillment more than interpersonal harmony. And these are not categorical so much as dimensions along which individuals and groups vary and, indeed, change over time. Not only are cultural/ethnic characteristics on a continuum, they are also variable as a result of changes in society and of various program interventions. Some examples are provided, including three studies from Sudan; the International Resilience Research Project (IRRP), which involved four countries of the Pacific Rim; and research in Singapore, and in Taiwan, also from the Rim. Another study (Cheong, 1996), occurred in Singapore, making comparisons with other neighboring cultural/ethnic groups. The intent was to identify changes in traditional values of harmony, group orientation, etc., to more western values of independence , competition, etc. The results seemed clear that independence and competition were emerging as values, especially in the economic area. The International Resilience Research Project, which gathered data from Taiwan, Japan, Vietnam and Thailand, found that in Taiwan and Japan, educational competition occurred as early as the preschool level, where tutors are often hired to prepare the young children for an educational advantage when they enter school and also while continuing school. Another study in Taiwan by Rosina Chia, et al., (1997) indicated that Chinese are competitive and aggressive with outside groups but not with inside groups, where vertical relationships demand obedience and dependence.

36. Sudan: Today's Ignored Holocaust - Conservative Society & Culture sudan Today's Ignored Holocaust by Rachel Alexander The war going on in the sudanbetween fundamentalist Muslims and the Christian south is the one of the http://intellectualconservative.com/article1014.html

We are the only site on the web devoted exclusively to intellectual conservatism. We find the most intriguing information and bring it together on one page for you. Home Articles Headlines Links we recommend ... Submissions Sudan: Today's Ignored Holocaust by Rachel Alexander The war going on in the Sudan between fundamentalist Muslims and the Christian south is the one of the worst holocausts of this century, but for some reason, it's relegated to the back pages of the newspapers. Sudan: Today’s Ignored Holocaust Rachel Alexander June 4, 2002 Note: the author could not bring herself to post pictures of starving Sudan citizens because they were too disturbing U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell has stated that there is perhaps no greater tragedy on the face of the earth today than the war in Sudan. The State Department views Sudan as one of the most egregious violators of human rights. George Bush’s “Axis of Evil” should have included Sudan. Strangely, the media has relegated the holocaust in Sudan to the back pages of the newspapers as if thousands of people being killed, children raped, and enslaved every day is not really that important. As a result, most people don’t even know what is happening in Sudan. Although the U.S. has negotiated an agreement that limits attacks on civilians in Sudan, this agreement is ignored by the Khartoum regime. Groups such as Servant’s Heart and the World Food Program, which are trying to send grain to the impoverished areas, are being thwarted by the Khartoum regime, which is destroying the food supplies. Sudan has been sanctioned by the U.N. for bombing U.N. relief helicopters. However, unbelievably last year, Sudan was given a seat on the Human Rights Commission, while the U.S. was kicked off for the year! This happened because each U.N. member country is allowed one vote – equal to any other country, democratic or not, and there are plenty of Sudan allies in Africa. It appears the U.N. is set up “non-judgmentally.”

37. Sudan: History And Culture sudan History and culture http://library.louisville.edu/government/international/sudan/sudanhistory.html

Sudan: History and Culture Sudan Historical Timeline (United States Central Command) Sudan History (in Sudan- A Country Study) Other Related Information: History Other Related Information: Sudan ... Back to International Information Comments to Barbara Whitener, GovPubs Webmaster URL:http://library.louisville.edu/ekstrom/govpubs/international/sudan/sudanhistory.html

38. Sudan-Art & Culture sudanArt culture. Home Up. Home sudan-Art culture sudan-Education sudan-Goverment Politics sudan-History sudan-Land People sudan-News sudan-Travel. http://www.arabinfoseek.com/sudan-art_&_culture.htm

General Info Art Culture Arab Diaspora ... NAPATA Site on Nubian Culture The Nubian Homepage Sudan Artist's Gallery The Ethnologue Information on ethnic groups in Sudan. Sudan is the land of culture THE SUDAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH SOCIETY WoYaa! - Sudan Sudan Artists Gallery ... Contact us: info@arabinfoseek.com NEW YORK, NY

39. Hybridmagazine.com :: Indie Counter-culture Daily, No Secret Handshakes. A Layman's Guide To WWIII Arab Christians By Kevin Filan sudan. Egypt Iraq Israel Lebanon sudan Syria 10,000 years ago http://www.hybridmagazine.com/culture/0203/sudan.shtml

Indie Rock Daily Features Reviews Archives ... Masthead A Layman's Guide To WWIII: Arab Christians By Kevin Filan Sudan Egypt Iraq Israel Lebanon ... Syria 10,000 years ago this region was home to Africa's first known agricultural settlements; 6,000 years ago it was ruled by the Nubian kings who gave Egypt some of its earliest Pharaohs. In the sixth century many of the inhabitants of modern-day Sudan converted to Coptic Christianity; by the 15th century the region had become an Islamic enclave. Today much of Sudan has been swallowed by the ever-encroaching desert and by nearly fifty years of civil war. To date there has been little progress in quelling the fighting between the forces of the Moslem-ruled north and the largely Christian and animist south or between rival factions within these areas. The once-proud kingdom of Nubia is today a vast and lawless region which is home to smugglers, warlords and terrorists of every stripe; for years Sudan was Osama Bin Laden's home base, and even today it is home to several Al Qa'eda training camps. Years before Afghanistan, northern Sudan was ruled by a fundamentalist Islamic government who sought to enforce Shari'a (Islamic law). Since 1983 the National Islamic Front has controlled the Sudanese government, and enforced a particularly rigid interpretation of Shari'a. Under their rule, thefts have been punished by amputations while those caught drinking alcohol have been flogged in public and apostates (those who have converted from Islam) have been stoned to death. Current NIF policy openly states their desire for an Islamic state stretching throughout East Africa, and they have received financial and military support from both Iran and Saudi Arabia toward that end.

40. Arts & Culture Sufism casts a spell of moderation over sudan Followers strength. Traditionhas it that no family in sudan is without at least one sufi. http://www.internationalspecialreports.com/africa/01/sudan/arts_culture/

Sufism casts a spell of moderation over Sudan Followers of this Samaniya sufi sect, or tariqa, spend all afternoon of their only day off work worshipping God through the zikr, or practice of remembrance. The sheikh guides devotees through the various chants and movements. Even young children can join in (women participate in a separate area) Extended family networks are the main source of personal security and social strength. Tradition has it that no family in Sudan is without at least one sufi. The sufi commitment to service helps keep families intact. Here a family gathers for dinner around a common plate. "If there is a family in Sudan that does not have at least one Sufi member, it is not Sudanese.” This is the view of Dr. Hasan Al Fatih Qaribullah, a leading sheikh of the Sammaniya tariqa, or Sufi movement, in Khartoum. It is a view commonly held by Sudanese. Sufism in Sudan is not a public issue or part of a national debate. Yet it is an enormously important force that has shaped, and continues to shape, the society as a whole.

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