21. 1Up Info > Zaire > Peoples Between The Kwango And The Kasai | Zaire Information in this area the Yaka cluster includes, among others, the suku. The Kongo peoples;The Significance of Ethnic Identification. indigenous SOCIAL SYSTEMS; http://www.1upinfo.com/country-guide-study/zaire/zaire67.html

You are here 1Up Info Zaire History People ... News Search 1Up Info Zaire Zaire Peoples Between the Kwango and the Kasai Four clusters have been distinguished among the mixture of peoples in this area: the Yaka cluster includes, among others, the Suku. The Mbala cluster also includes several groups and is perhaps the most fragmented of the lot. The Pende cluster includes the Kwese; the Lunda cluster includes the Soonde and the Chokwe. The Lunda, closely related to the peoples of western Shaba, are included here by Vansina because they are separated from their core area and have had a longtime relationship with the other peoples in the area. Mixture and mutual influence have characterized these peoples, often in less than peaceful ways. In general, Lunda expansion led to the formation of Lunda-ruled states, a process that continued through the first half of the nineteenth century. The Chokwe, who became such a powerful presence in the core Lunda area in western Shaba in the second half of the nineteenth century, also drove north here in the same period, fragmenting local groups but also incorporating many of them. They were stopped only in 1885 by a coalition of Mbun, Njembe, and Pende, the first two being peoples of the lower Kasai. Except for the members of the Lunda cluster, most of the peoples in the area originally spoke a dialect of Kikongo or a language related to it. Over a period beginning in the seventeenth century, a good deal of movement was set in train by the expansion of the Lunda Empire. The result was the establishment of Lundainfluenced political patterns of Kongo peoples in the area.

22. Carnelian International Risks Angola's remaining indigenous peoples fell into two disparate categories. gatheringbands of southern africa sometimes referred Thus the Sukumost of them in http://www.carnelian-international.com/angola/ethnic_groups_and_languages.htm

Angola: ETHNIC GROUPS AND LANGUAGES Although Portuguese was Angola's official language, the great majority of Angolans (more than 95 percent of the total population) used languages of the Bantu familysome closely related, others remotely sothat were spoken by most Africans living south of the equator and by substantial numbers north of it. Angola's remaining indigenous peoples fell into two disparate categories. A small number, all in southern Angola, spoke so-called Click languages (after a variety of sounds characteristic of them) and differed physically from local African populations. These Click speakers shared characteristics, such as small stature and lighter skin colour, linking them to the hunting and gathering bands of southern Africa sometimes referred to by Europeans as Bushmen. The second category consisted of , largely urban and living in western Angola. Most spoke Portuguese, although some were also acquainted with African languages, and a few may have used such a language exclusively. The Definition of Ethnicity Bantu languages have been categorized by scholars into a number of sets of related tongues. Some of the languages in any set may be more or less mutually intelligible, especially in the areas where speakers of a dialect of one language have had sustained contact with speakers of a dialect of another language. Given the mobility and interpenetration of communities of Bantu speakers over the centuries, transitional languagesfor example, those that share characteristics of two tonguesdeveloped in areas between these communities. Frequently, the languages of a set, particularly those with many widely distributed speakers, would be divided into several dialects. In principle, dialects of the same language are considered mutually intelligible, although they are not always so in fact.

23. Past Professional Development Projects Since 1990 - ASIA for Public Interest Law in South africa, which provides legal works to help the OrangSuku Laut fulfill as these relate to the rights of indigenous peoples. http://www.iie.org/Website/WPreview.cfm?cwid=419&WID=171

24. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND: History And Prehistory Of Mentawai around 4000 BCE a migration of indigenous peoples began out Batak language (spokenby the indigenous inhabitants of Coronese, S. (1986) Kebudayaan suku Mentawai http://www.mentawai.org/histbackgr.htm

HOME PAGE: THE ANTHROPOLOGY OF THE MENTAWAI ISLANDS HISTORICAL BACKGROUND: History and Prehistory of the Mentawai Islands History In much of the information currently available in the popular literature dealing with the Mentawai islands, that is information published in cyberspace as well as in travelogues, the prevailing perception is that the local people (and here they are usually referring to the inhabitants of Siberut) have been isolated through the ages and have only just been "discovered" by outsiders. This is better interpreted as western sojourners having the attitude that since they themselves only found out about this part of the world and its inhabitants recently, then it can only be the case that these people have been known to the "outside" world for a short period of time. Let me dispel this myth in two ways. I will firstly briefly indicate the degree of interaction that the islanders have had with the world beyond their shores dating from the first colonial contacts. I will subsequently briefly deal with the period preceding this, the pre -historical period.

25. Untitled LIOBA LENHART Orang suku Laut Communities at Risk Milk Consumption, Diet and Healthin Herding peoples. Museum of the Centre for indigenous Cultures Aims http://www.wm.edu/ICAES/program/mondayam.html

MONDAY MORNING, JULY 27, 1998 GENETICS AND DERMATOGLYPHICS Organizer/Chair: NORRIS M. DURHAM (University of Northern Iowa) and KATHLEEN M. FOX Blair Hall 201 NISHI SINGH, B.V. BHANU (University of Pune) A Major Gene for Radial Pattern Inheritance? KOSETTE LAMBERT, MACIEJ HENNEBERG (University of Adelaide) Relationship of Dermatoglyphic Patterns to Finger Proportions EKATRINA PECHONKINA, ROBERT A. BENFER, JR. (University of Missouri) Heritability of Fluctuating Asymmetry of Dermatoglyphic Traits RADOMIR PAVICEVIC (Clinic for Thoracic Surgery) Analysis of Quantitative Dermatoglyphic Traits of the Digito-Palmar Complex in Carcinomas YVES LACASSIE, P.F. STAHLS, III (Louisiana State University and Children's Hospital) Chromosomal Abnormalities Predicted by the Absence of the "d" Triradius EUGENE KOBYLIANSKY (Tel Aviv University) Relationship Between Genetic Anomalies of Different Levels and Deviation in Dermatoglyphic Traits. Dermatoglyphic Peculiarities of Males with Klinefelter's Syndrome MARIASSA BAT-MIRIAM KATZNELSON (Tel Aviv University) Relationship Between Genetic Anomalies of Different Levels and Deviations in Dermatoglyphic Traits. Dermatoglyphic Peculiarities of Males and Females with Down Syndrome. Family Study

26. SE546 - The Anthropology Of Kinship hold of this, try (1965) “The suku of southwestern Congo,” in Gibbs (ed) Peoplesof africa must begin with the anaysis of indigenous concepts. http://lucy.ukc.ac.uk/Courses/SE546/outline.html

SE 546 - The Anthropology of Kinship Michaelmas Term 2002 Course Convenor: Dr Philip Thomas Room L20 e-mail: p.thomas@ukc.ac.uk Office Hours: t.b.a. Additional Lecturer: Prof. Roger Just Room W3-N2 Eliot College e-mail: Office Hours: t.b.a. Lectures: Tuesdays, 9-10, Eliot Lecture Theatre 2 Seminars: Group 1 – Tuesday, 10-11, GLS5 Group 2 – Friday, 10-11, EX7 Group 3 – Friday,2-3, ES1 Sign-up list for seminar groups will be posted on the on the door of L20. Course Outline Learning Outcomes Successful completion of the course would indicate that students had: a clear understanding of the main developments of kinship theory in anthropology over this century a familiarity with the specialist terminology of kinship descriptions and the conventions of genealogical diagrams a familiarity with the terminological and structural characteristics of the common kinds of descent and alliance (matrilineal or cognatic descent, cross-cousin marriage etc) an understanding that kin links in different cultures may follow very different cultural logics from our own and an ability to give examples of such alternative constructions: an awareness that ‘kinship’ is itself a loaded and contested term an ability to make connections between ethnographic and theoretical work in kinship and parallel work in other areas of anthropology, particularly the anthropology of gender

27. Bibliography On African Traditional Religion Scriptures of African peoples The Sacred Rituals and medicines indigenous healingin of Conflict as a Method of Conflict Resolution among the suku of the http://www.afrikaworld.net/afrel/atr_bibliography.htm

Updated: 17 October, 2002 Abbink J., "Ritual and Environment: The Mósit ceremony of the Ethiopian Me'en people," Journal of Religion in Africa , "Reading the entrails: analysis of an African divination discourse", Man Abimbola W., "The Place of African Traditional Religion in Contemporary Africa: The Yoruba Example" in Olupona, ed. Kingship, Religion and Rituals in a Nigerian community: a phenomenological study of Ondo Yoruba festivals . Stockholm,1991, 51-58. Abrahamsson H., The Origin of Death, Studies in African Mythology, Studia Ethnographica Upsaliensia III, Uppsala, 1951. Acheampong S.O., "Reconstructing the structure of Akan traditional religion," Mission Ackah C. A., Akan Ethics. A Study of the Moral Ideasand the Moral Behaviour of the Akan Tribes of Ghana, Accra, 1988. Achebe Chinua, "Chi in Igbo Cosmology", in In Morning Yet on creation day, N.Y., 1975. Achebe Chinwe, The World of the Ogbanje, Enugu, 1986. Adagala K., "Mother Nature, Patriarchal Cosmology & Gender" in Gilbert E.M., ed. Nairobi: Masaki Publishers.1992, 47-65.

28. IndonesiaHome the position that the backward tribal peoples must be suku terasing (isolated tribes)to suku yang sedang of tongues in Indonesia (200 indigenous speech forms http://www.indonesia2001.com/guide/IndonesiaHome.htm

I NDONESIA A country of incredible and diverse beauty, Indonesia sprawls across one-eighth of the globe, stretching from Malaysia to Australia. This nation encompasses mind-stupefying extremes: the 5,000-meter-high snowcapped mountains of Irian Jaya, sweltering lowland swamps of eastern Sumatra, open eucalyptus savannahs of Timor, lush rainforests of western Java. Restless volcanoes spew lava the whole length. embraces a total area of five million square kilometers, about one million square kilometers more than the total land area of the United States. The surrounding sea area is three times larger than the land, and Indonesians are one of the few peoples in the world who include water within the boundaries of their territory, calling their country Tanah Air Kita, literally "Our Land and Water." Of the country's 17,110 islands, Indonesia claims the better part of three of the world's largestNew Guinea, Borneo, and Sumatra. Only 6,000 are named, and 992 permanently settled. Not all the islands in insular Southeast Asia belong to Indonesia. The massive island of New Guinea consists of Papua New Guinea on the east and Irian Jaya to the west, only the latter an Indonesian territory. The northern one-quarter of the island of Borneo belongs to Eastern Malaysia and Brunei, while the southern three-quarters comprises the Indonesian provinces of Kalimantan. Volcanos Inhabiting a portion of the intensely volcanic Ring of Fire, most Indonesians live and die within sight of a volcano. The islands are the site of the earth's two greatest historic volcanic cataclysms, Krakatoa and Tambora, and each year brings an average of 10 major eruptions. This activity not only destroys, but provides great benefits. The Hindu monuments constructed for over 750 years on Java were for the most part built from cooled lava rock, ideal for carving. The chemical-rich ash produced by an eruption covers a wide area of surrounding land; rivers carry ash even farther by way of irrigation canals. Thus Indonesia enjoys some of the most fertile land on the planet. In places it's said you can shove a stick in the ground and it'll sprout leaves.

29. HOME TEST PAGE There is a peoples Database which includes the Lwalwa, Makonde, Mbole, Mossi, Pende,suku, Tabwa, Woyo story architecture, Islam and indigenous African cultures http://www.msu.edu/~metzler/matrix/dream/humanities.html

LIST OF IMPORTANT AFRICA-RELATED WEB SITES Introduction Culture Current Events Economics ... Society ART 12th International Triennial Symposium on African Art , St. Thomas, Virgin Islands April 25-29, 2001 Conference sponsored by the Arts Council of the African Studies Association (U.S.). http://itsdev.appstate.edu/triennial/ Adire African Textiles - Duncan Clarke History, background, and photographs of adire, adinkra, kente, bogolan, Yoruba aso-oke, akwete, ewe, kuba, and nupe textiles. The symbolism of images is often provided. One can purchase textiles as well. Clarke's Ph.D. dissertation (School of Oriental and African Studies) is on Yoruba men's weaving. Based in London. http://www.adire.clara.net Africa: One Continent. Many Worlds Extensive site for the traveling art exhibit from the Field Museum, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, and others. Includes video, photographs on the history and art of the Royal Palace of the Bamum (Cameroun), conflict resolution among the BaKongo (Congo-Brazzaville and Kinshasa, Angola), Benin history through elephant tusks and Benin bronzes, metal working, use of gold weights, commerce across the Sahara, the market in Kano (Nigeria), men's hats, combs/jewelry, rock art, a Liberian folk tale, the role of masks, drums, kora music from Senegal, the elephant as a royal animal, and more. Has a

30. Orilonise: The Hermeneutics Of The Head And Hairstyles Among The Yoruba 3) and the suku hairstyle worn by some òrìsà priests, emphasizing now exist sideby-sidewith the indigenous ones-all The peoples of Southern Nigeria, vol. http://www.tribalarts.com/feature/lawal/

TRIBAL ARTS HOME FORUM LETTERS CLASSIFIEDS ... Previous Features VII:2/Winter 2001/Spring 2002 by Babatunde Lawal The Head should be accorded His due This is the oracle's charge to the one thousand seven hundred divinities Who must render annual tributes to Olodumare (Idowu 1995:53). fig. 1 fig. 2 In order to fully understand the significance of this metaphor, it must be noted that the Yoruba creation myth traces the origin of the human body to an archetypal sculpture (ere) modeled by the artist-deity Obatala and then activated by the divine breath (emi) of Olodumare, located in the sculpture's head. This creative process occurs inside a pregnant woman's body and takes about nine months to mature. According to the myth, every individual, before being born into the physical world, must proceed to the workshop of Ajalamopin, the heavenly potter, to choose one of several undifferentiated, ready-made Ori Inu, or "inner heads" on display in Ajalamopin's workshop. Each inner head contains Olodumare's àse (enabling power), and the one chosen by an individual predetermines his/her lot (ipin) in the physical world.

31. THE WEST PAPUA ARCHIVES 1997 YAYASAN LEMBAGA MUSYAWARAH ADAT suku AMUNGME (LEMASA). omitted payments to the Amungmeand Komoro peoples who are Six indigenous people have died in recent days http://www.converge.org.nz/wpapua/The-archives-1997.html

'One World- Our World - Free West Papua' January Originally from: Owner-west-irian-newslist@xc.org (Moderator) Originally dated: Mon 30 Dec, 1996 MULTINATIONAL MONITOR ANNOUNCES TEN WORST CORPORATIONS OF 1996 Archer Daniels Midland (ADM), Caterpillar, Daishowa, Daiwa, Disney, Freeport, Gerber, Mitsubishi, Seagram's, and Texaco are the Ten Worst Corporations of 1996, according to an article in the December 1996 issue of Multinational Monitor magazine. Multinational Monitor's ten worst list, now in its ninth year, is designed to highlight the most egregious acts of corporate crime, violence and other wrongdoing. Russell Mokhiber, the author of the article, chastises the Clinton administration for "failing to confront corporate crime and violence head on" and for failing to "admit to an ugly reality corporate crime and violence inflicts far more damage on society than all street crime combined." Mokhiber points out that while the FBI reports burglary and robbery combined cost the nation about $4 billion in 1995, white- collar fraud, generally committed by educated people of means, costs at least 50 times as much $200 billion a year, according to very conservative estimates. Similarly, while the FBI puts the street homicide rate at about 24,000 a year, the Labor Department points out that more than twice that number 56,000 Americans die every year on the job or from occupational diseases such as black lung, brown lung, asbestosis and various occupationally-induced cancers.

32. Untitled with the observation that indigenous conceptions of this category of 'marginal peoples'(suku terasing), to for depicting marginality are of peoples who frame http://home.gwu.edu/~kuipers/langident.html

LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1:Map of Eastern Indonesia (inset: ethnolinguistic divisions in Western Sumba) xvi Figure 2: Ritual Speech Knowledge Among Weyewa 12 year olds 3 Figure 3: Plan of an Ancestral Village 40 Figure 4:Population of the Weyewa Highlands 1916-1992 48 Sources: Prins 1916:21; Waitz 1933; Hoekstra 1948:132; Sastrodihardjo 1958; Dapawole 1965; Metzner 1977; Biro Statistik 1984; Kantor Statistik Sumba Barat 1992. Figure 5: Map of Weyewa Dispersal 50 Figure 6: Couvreur's Sketch Map of Ethnolinguistic Divisions in Sumba, 1914 58 Figure 7: Changing Models of Self Expression in Weyewa 100 Figure 8: Farm Animal Population in West Sumba 176 Figure 9: Church Membership in West Sumba 177 Figure 10: Students in West Sumba 1920-1992 214 LIST OF PLATES Plate 1: Mbora Kenda 4 Plate 2: A Weyewa ancestral Village 39 Plate 3: The steep, rocky path leading to an ancestral village 39 Plate 4:An 'Angry Man' ( Kabani-mbani ) Photo: H.J. May. Plate 5:A 'humble' man ( milla ate Plate 6: Woman Singing an Ironic Lament 89 Plate 7: Lende Mbatu 108 Plate 8: Women are an integral part of a complete audience 118 Plate 9: Since the late 1980's, police (at right) are a routine part of the audience of many large scale ritual speech events 144

33. The Yali If literate peoples overvalue literary skills, it is also true It allows for continuationof indigenous patterns of local men as chiefs (kepala suku) in the http://www.info-indo.com/papua/yali.htm

info-indo.com - home About us Support info-indo Home ... The Warembori The Yali Similar to the Dani people, a 30-minute chartered flight to Angguruk or Kosarek area live another tribe called Yali. This tribe has similar way of life like Dani, but its people are shorter and 'cleaner'. They wear koteka, a penisgourd, straight to the front instead of straightening up like the Dani do. Many adventurers walk for days or even weeks from Wamena to Angguruk and Kosarek. There are actually two main tribes in the area, Yali and Yalimo. Compared with the Dani people, this tribe is much more primitive and last visited. There are no land transportations and hotel accommodations available here, all must be trekked on foot. The only air transportation to Angguruk or Kosarek is served by chartered plane of Mission Aviation Fellowship (MAF), that has to be booked early in advance. Anyway, some real adventurers do trekking for days or weeks from Wamena. Being in Angguruk, tourists may stay at missionary's house, teacher's house, or even local people's huts. Food materials must be taken along with as there is no shop available in the region. SCRIPTURE IN AN ORAL CULTURE: THE YALI OF IRIAN JAYA by John D. Wilson

34. Sanaa Gallery - Tribal Information centralization among the Igbospeaking peoples has been category that groups togetherthe indigenous dark-skinned their neighbors the Yaka and suku, can trace http://www.sanaagallery.com/tribalinfo.html

Welcome Antiques Masks Personal Items ... About Us TRIBAL INFORMATION Baule Dan-Guerre Gilbert Islands Guro ... Zande Mangbetu BAULE The Baule belong to the Akan peoples who inhabit Ghana and Ivory Coast. Three hundred years ago the Baule people migrated westward from Ghana when the Asante rose to power. The tale of how they broke away from the Asante has been preserved in their oral traditions. During the Asante rise to power the Baule queen, Aura Poku, was in direct competition with the current Asante king. When the Asante prevailed, the queen led her people away to the land they now occupy. The male descendant of Aura Poku still lives in the palace she established and is honored by the Baule as their nominal king. The Baule are noted for their fine wooden sculpture, particularly for their ritual statuettes representing ghosts or spirits; these, as well as carved ceremonial masks are associated with the ancestor cult. Baule art is sophisticated and stylistically diverse. Baule have types of sculpture that none of the other Akan peoples possess: masks (which, like their low-relief doors, seem to indicate Senufo influence) and human figures, apparently sometimes used as ancestor figures. The figures and human masks, the latter reported to be portraits used in commemorating the dead, are elegantwell polished, with elaborate hairdressings and scarification. More roughly finished are the gbekre figures, representing minor divinities in human form with animal heads. Masks are made also to represent the spirits of the bush: antelope, bush cow, elephant, monkey, and leopard. Boxes for the mouse oracle (in which sticks are disturbed by a live mouse, to give the augury) are unique to the Baule.

35. 1Up Info > Indonesia > Minangkabau | Indonesian Information Resource As the suku declines in importance relative to the outwardly directed male The traditionsof sharia and indigenous femaleoriented adat are often depicted as http://www.1upinfo.com/country-guide-study/indonesia/indonesia66.html

You are here 1Up Info Indonesia History People ... News Search 1Up Info Indonesia Indonesia Minangkabau A traditional Minangkabau rice-storage building, Sumatra Courtesy Hermine L. Dreyfuss and Festival of Indonesia The Minangkabauwho predominate along the coasts of Sumatera Utara and Sumatera Barat, interior Riau, and northern Bengkulu provincesin the early 1990s numbered more than 3.5 million. Like the Batak, they have large corporate descent groups, but unlike the Batak, the Minangkabau traditionally reckon descent matrilineally. In this system, a child is regarded as descended from his mother, not his father. A young boy, for instance, has his primary responsibility to his mother's and sisters' clans. In practice, in most villages a young man will visit his wife in the evenings but spend the days with his sister and her children. It is usual for married sisters to remain in their parental home. According to a 1980 study by anthropologist Joel S. Kahn, there is a general pattern of residence among the Minangkabau in which sisters and unmarried lineage members try to live close to one another, or even in the same house. Landholding is one of the crucial functions of the female lineage unit called suku.

36. 1juillet Translate this page et Douglas Newton, « Islands and Ancestors - indigenous Styles of Art of PrimitivePeoples », Berkeley Galleries Art of the Yaka and suku », Editions Alain http://www.dericqles.com/31juin2001/presentation/-94.html

Bibliographie Mezcala stone sculpture - the human figure Precolumbian Jade Jade in Ancient Costa Rica De jade et de nacre - Patrimoine artistique kanak Massim Tribal Art - Papua New Guinea Indonesian Primitive Art - from the Collection of the Barbier-Mueller Museum, Geneva Art of Nagaland - The Barbier-Mueller collection Geneva Islands and Ancestors - Indigenous Styles of Southeast Asia Les Naga - Montagnards entre Inde et Birmanie Keris-Griffe - aus dem malayischen Archipel Arts primitifs de l'Asie du Sud-Est - Collection Alain Schoffel Art Africain Africa, The Art of a Continent African Masterpieces from Munich African Negro Art Art and Ambiguity - Perspectives on the Brenthurst Collection of Southern African Art Art et Mythologie-Figures Tshokwe Art of Primitive Peoples Les Arts Anciens de l'Afrique Noire Au fil de la Parole The Art of Metal in Africa Cuillers Sculptures Dogon Den Globale Dialog - Primitiv of Moderne Kunst Fragments of the Sublime Masques Masterpieces of the People's republic of the Congo Negerkonst Parure Sets, Series and Ensembles in African Art

37. AGNET FEBRUARY 1 Rio+10 Conference in South africa in the to ensure that governments and IndigenousPeoples are the INFORMATION CONTACT By mail suku Oonnithan, Registration http://131.104.232.9/agnet/2002/2-2002/agnet_february_1-2.htm

AGNET FEBRUARY 1, 2002 II Making plants better lovers: scientists find gene responsible for reproductive success in plants Hundreds of NGOs from more than 50 nations announce support of a treaty to establish the gene pool as a global commons ... Bifenazate; pesticide tolerance Agnet is produced by the Food Safety Network at the University of Guelph and is sponsored by the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Plants Program at the University of Guelph, with additional support provided by Ag-West Biotech, AgCare, Pioneer Hi-Bred, Monsanto Canada, Meat and Livestock Australia, National Food Processors Association, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Canadian Wheat Board, Saskatchewan Wheat Pool, Saskatchewan Agriculture and Food, Crop Protection Institute, Canadian Animal Health Institute, Syngenta Crop Protection Canada, Rutgers Food Risk Analysis Initiative, FDA Center for Veterinary Medicine, Business News Publishing Co., Tyson, National Cattlemen¹s Beef Association, JIFSAN, National Pork Board, Adculture Group Inc, DuPont Canada, Ontario Agri-Food

38. Content Maria FernándezGiménez Orang suku Laut Communities and Short Notices Tibetan Peoplesand Landscapes Importance of Pastoralists` indigenous Coping Strategies http://www.uni-koeln.de/phil-fak/voelkerkunde/nomadic_peoples/html/Issues/recent

LATEST NS Volume 5, Issue 2 ENVIRONMENT, PROPERTY RESOURCES AND THE STATE Lioba Lenhart and Michael J. Casimir (Guest Editors) CONTENTS Introduction Lioba Lenhart and Michael J. Casimir Pastoralist-State Relationships among the Hadendowa Beja of Eastern Sudan Leif Manger The Effect of Livestock Privatisation on Pastoral Land Use and Land Tenure in Post-Socialist Mongolia Orang Suku Laut Communities at Risk: Effects of Modernisation on the Resource Base, Livelihood and Culture of the 'Sea Tribe People' of the Riau Islands (Indonesia) Lioba Lenhart State's Margins, People's Centre: Space and History in theSouthern Thai Jungles Annette Hamilton Pastoral Tribes in the Middle East and Wildlife Conservation Schemes: The Endangered Species? Dawn Chatty 'The Vast White Place': A History of the Etosha National Park in Namibia and the Hai//om Ute Dieckmann Of Lions, Herders and Conservationists: Brief Notes on the Gir Forest National Park in Gujarat (Western-India) Michael J. Casimir

39. PreventConflict.org - Regions The Forum for Friends of peoples Close to Dulu Pemekaran Papua dengan Kepala Sukudan Gereja Cannibal to Terrorist State Violence, indigenous Resistance and http://www.preventconflict.org/portal/main/maps_wpapua_resources.php

more about search Regions Indonesia Regions Java Kalimantan Maluku ... Sumatra West Papua/Irian Jaya Overview Background The Conflict Actors ... Nusa Tenggara West Papua/Irian Jaya Executive Summary West Papua, also known as Irian Jaya, is Indonesia’s most easterly province, comprising the western half of the world’s second largest island. Home to one of the world’s principal copper and gold mining operations, West Papua/Irian Jaya is the nation’s least developed region, with a majority of the population occupied with agriculture, fishing and hunting. West Papua/Irian Jaya is also one of the primary locations for Indonesia’s program on transmigration, the voluntary relocation of Indonesians from overcrowded cities to the peripheral regions of the archipelago. West Papua/Irian Jaya is home to a secessionist movement that has been in the making for 40 years. The province left Dutch rule in 1962, was briefly under UN authority, and in 1963 joined the Indonesian state. Many indigenous inhabitants, however, believed that the province achieved independence on December 1, 1961 when Dutch rulers agreed to allow self-rule. Despite a heavy military presence that has lasted since the annexation in 1963, West Papua/Irian Jaya has experienced limited, although severe, outbursts of violence. The Free Papua Movement (OPM), a low-level guerilla movement, has been fighting for independence since 1961. Troubles between the military and the Papuan population escalated, however, after Suharto’s fall in 1998 and a new round of calls for independence was ignited.

40. Conflict And Violence: A Working Bibliography With Special Reference To Indonesi 1992. War in the Tribal Zone Expanding States and indigenous Warfare. The Peoplesof Borneo. 2001. Negara Etnik Beberapa Gagasan Pemberdayaan suku Dayak. http://www.geocities.com/bouviersmith/ref/conflict.htm

Pusat Penelitian Kemasyarakatan dan Kebudayaan (PMB-LIPI) Social Sciences for the Study of Conflict in Indonesia Laboratoire Asie du Sud-Est et Monde Austronésien (LASEMA-CNRS) Home Purpose of this website Kalimantan Aceh ... Contact us Conflict and Violence: A Working Bibliography with Special Reference to Indonesia Acciaioli, Greg. 2001. Grounds of Conflict, Idioms of Harmony: Custom, Religion and Nationalism in Violence Avoidance at the Lindu Plain, Central Sulawesi. Indonesia (October). Aditjondro, George. 2001. Suharto's Colonial Adventure. Arena Magazine. Sisi Gelap Sejarah Kalimantan Barat. Liputan Media Massa Seputar Kerusuhan Dayak-Madura Tahun 1996/1997. Kumpulan Terbitan Media Massa Cetak. Pontianak: Institute Dayakology Research and Development. Anderson, Benedict, ed. 2001. Violence and the State in Suharto's Indonesia. Studies on Southeat Asia 30. Ithaca: Southeast Asia Program, Cornell University. Anderson, Myrdene, ed. Forthcoming. Cultural Shaping of Violence. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press. Andrianto, Tuhana Taufiq. 2000.

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