61. Turkmenistan: WORLD FACTBOOK turkmenistan + turkmenistan + turkmenistan +geography +- Location Central Asia, bordering the http://www.tradeport.org/ts/countries/turkmenistan/wofact.html

Turkmenistan WORLD FACTBOOK Source: U. S. Department of Commerce - National Trade Data Bank, May 6, 1999 TradePort is an authorized distributor of STAT-USA data. Turkmenistan Main Menu Developed by SAIC Internet Solutions

62. Regional Links CULTURE Turkmens International Homepage by Farzad Marjani; Magtumguly's Poetry- in Russian. ENVIRONMENT State of the Environment turkmenistan 1998. geography http://www.wisc.edu/creeca/links/turkmenistan.html

Turkmenistan General Sites Country Overview Online News Laws ... Travel GENERAL SITES Turkmenistan Information Center Turkmenistan Resource Page - by EurasiaNet.org Interactive Central Asia Resource Project - Turkmenistan Embassy of Turkmenistan in Washington, DC Turkmenistan Online Turkmenistan Chaihana - by Greg Lastowka Baskurt: A Turkmenchelik Site CountryWatch.com - Turkmenistan COUNTRY OVERVIEW Fact Sheets Trukmenistan on the Internet - General Review CIA World Factbooks - Trukmenistan Factbook 2000 Factbook 1999 Factbook 1996 Enhanced Version of Factbook 1994 UNDP Human Development Report - Turkmenistan 1996 Report Summaries of National Human Development Reports 1995 - Turkmenistan Trukmenistan - A Country Study - US Library of Congress Nations in Transit - Trukmenistan - from Freedom House's 1998 annual report USAID Country Profile: Trukmenistan October, 1996 ONLINE NEWS Turkmen Press - weekly news by the state news agency of Turkmenistan (in English/Russian) Turkmenbashi - in Russian Turkmenistan Daily Digest - news from BBC, Interfax, and RFE/RL (maintained by EurasiaNet.org)

63. Turkmenistan Seeks To Exploit Both Gas And Geography Prism, July 7, 1995 : .. Ja turkmenistan seeks to exploit both gas and geography. by David Nissman.After becoming independent in 1991, turkmenistan quickly soughtto http://russia.jamestown.org/pubs/view/pri_001_010_005.htm

The Jamestown Foundation 4516 43rd Street NW Washington, DC 20016 Contact webmaster if you encounter problems. Prism Volume 1, Issue 10 July 7, 1995 Yeltsin gains from latest political crisis in Moscow, but nearly torpedoes Chechen talks Tajik war appears set to explode and to force Moscow to make some painful choices Kozyrev calls for tighter, Russian-dominated CIS Shakeup of Moscow's power ministers helps Yeltsin consolidate power ... Fact Page Turkmenistan seeks to exploit both gas and geography by David Nissman After becoming independent in 1991, Turkmenistan quickly soughtto take its place in the world as a country like any other. Morethan any of the other post-Soviet successor states in CentralAsia, Turkmenistan had both the resources (three trillion cubicmeters of natural gas reserves) and the location (next to Iran)to do so. Indeed, geography may be more important than gas, forTurkmenistan sits at the junction of a north-south axis linkingMoscow and the Middle East, and an east-west axis linking Europe,Central Asia and the Far East. The North-South Axis In December 1994, Niyazov told Moscow's

64. NCPA - The War On Terrorism: Geography And The Centers Of Taliban Gravity The geography Of War. Bordering six nations (turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan,China, Pakistan, and Iran), the interior region of the country is http://www.ncpa.org/iss/ter/gravity.html

Policy Issues NCPA Publications Both Sides Opinion Editorials ... CONTACT NOVEMBER 06, 2001 EMAIL TO A FRIEND Geography And The Centers Of Taliban Gravity by Michael P. Noonan A month into the war on terrorism, criticism of the Bush administration has begun to mount. Critics on the left are decrying the loss of innocent lives; critics on the right are asking why more is not being done. Additional tensions arise over the question of whether the United States and Britain should continue the conflict through the Muslim holy month of Ramadan. And concerns grow over whether the Northern Alliance is the ally the United States needs on the ground. To date the combination of aerial bombardment, Northern Alliance ground assaults, and the deployment of a small number of American and British special operations personnel is not producing noticeable results in defeating the Taliban and al-Qaeda. Recent statements by Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld suggest that the introduction of American and allied ground troops is now on the table. As the harsh Afghan winter approaches, however, the introduction of large numbers of ground troops may not be necessary to ensure victory. A limited but direct approach may plant the seeds for victory in Afghanistan come spring. The Geography Of War Afghanistan's demographics also make matters difficult. According to CIA figures, its population of roughly 27 million people is made up of the Pashtun (38 percent), Tajiks (25 percent), Hazara (19 percent), Uzbeks (6 percent), and other minor ethnic groups (12 percent). The Taliban is composed mainly of the Pashtuns, who also make up a sizeable population across the border in Pakistan. The Taliban in fact emerged from the religious schools in the Peshawar region of northern Pakistan. The Northern Alliance conversely is predominantly composed of Tajiks, Hazaras, and Uzbeks. This explains Pakistan's sensitivity toward the non-Pashtun Northern Alliance faction and its years of tacit and covert support for the Taliban. Simply put, Islamabad fears a state not aligned with its interests as its northern neighbor.

65. TULP's Sites For Geography & General Information geography General Information. excellent subject maps Links to Chapters on Azerbaijan,Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkey, turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and http://www.let.leidenuniv.nl/tcimo/tulp/topical/geogen.htm

The Turkology Update Leiden Project(TULP) Turkey From the Republic of Turkey From the USA Central Asia Country Profiles From the USA Resources From the Republic of Turkey DIE, Prime Ministry State Institute of Statistics (SIS) - Homepage - Provided by the DIE - All sorts of official figures on Turkey - Links to statistics pages on Main Economic and Social Indicators, 1997 General Population Census, Latest Figures and more... (especially on economy) From the CIA The World Factbook - Alphabetical Index - Provided by the CIA - Gives up-to-date geographical, demographical, economical information and more, for any country (or region) you choose. Includes several excellent subject maps - Links to Chapters on Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and many more... CIA Atlas of the Middle East - Map Collection - Provided by the CIA - A collection of beautiful subject maps of all middle eastern countries from the Perry Castaneda Library. Unfortunately some of the information is obsolete. For every country there's not only a general country map, but also maps and illustrations on administrative divisions, area comparison, country information, economic activity, land use, population density and time lines - Links to maps on Turkey include Country Map (709k), Administrative Divisions (119k), Area Comparison (34k), Country Information (88k), Economic Activity (126k), Land Use (112k), Population Density (110k), Time Line (158k)

66. Turkmenistan - Internet Resources Cataloging Documentation. geography CIA Political Map of turkmenistan(1995) 167K; CIA Relif Map of turkmenistan - 243K; Topographic http://www.lk.net/links/countries/Turkmenistan.shtml

Citizen Watches at discount 30-40% - CapitalWatches.com Turkmenistan - Internet Resources General Sites Country Overview Online News Laws ... Travel GENERAL SITES "Central ASIA and the Caucasus" Journal and database. Turkmenistan Information Center Turkmenistan Resource Page - Soros Foundation Interactive Central Asia Resource Project - Turkmenistan Embassy of Turkmenistan in Washington, DC Turkmenistan Online Turkmenistan Chaihana - by Greg Lastowka COUNTRY OVERVIEW Fact Sheets Trukmenistan on the Internet - General Review CIA World Factbooks - Trukmenistan Factbook 1998 Factbook 1996 UNDP Human Development Report - Turkmenistan 1996 Report Summaries of National Human Development Reports 1995 - Turkmenistan Trukmenistan - A Country Study - US Library of Congress Nations in Transit - Trukmenistan - from Freedom House's 1998 annual report USAID Country Profile: Trukmenistan October, 1996 ONLINE NEWS The Latest News on Turkmenistan from Reuters/Infoseek BBC News - Turkmenistan Washington Post/AP - Turkmenistan AFP - Turkmenistan - a pay-per-story site Fox News (AP,Reuters) - Turkmenistan

67. UNESCO CII - WebWorld - Focus On Central Asia - Countries - Turkmenistan geography. turkmenistan shares borders with Kazakhstan to the north, Uzbekistanto the east, Afghanistan to the southeast and Iran to the South. http://www.unesco.org/webworld/focus_central_asia/turkmenistan.html

Focus on Central Asia - Countries - Turkmenistan Turkmenistan Geography Area Population People ... Climate Geography Turkmenistan shares borders with Kazakhstan to the north, Uzbekistan to the east, Afghanistan to the south-east and Iran to the South. To the west is the Caspian Sea. Nearly 80% of the country is taken up by the Kara-Kum (Black Sand) desert, the largest in the CIS. The longest irrigation canal in the world stretches 1,100km (687 miles), from the Amu-Darya River in the east, through Ashgabat, before being piped the rest of the way to the Caspian Sea. Area 448,100 sq. km Population People 73,3% Turkmen 9,8% Russian 9,0% Uzbek 2,0% Kazak 5,9% Other Languages Turkmen is the official state language, and is closer to Turkish, Azeri and Crimean Tartar than those of its neighbours Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan. The Turkmen script was changed from Latin to Cyrillic in 1940, but the process of changing back to the Turkish version of the Latin script is underway. Religion Predominantly Sunni Muslim with a small Russian Orthodox minority. Turkmenistan shares the Central Asian Sufi tradition. Climate The summers are warm to hot but the heat is made more bearable by the low humidity. The winters are cold but generally dry and sunny over most of the region.

68. Population.com - Country Information 11%, unknown 2%. geography, turkmenistan is bounded by the CaspianSea in the west,Kazakhstan in the north. Currency, Turkmen manat. http://populations.com/country.asp?ID=173

69. Turkmenistan - Acapedia - Free Knowledge, For All State website. Not Wikified. History of turkmenistan; geography of turkmenistan;Demographics of turkmenistan; Politics of turkmenistan; http://acapedia.org/aca/Turkmenistan

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70. E-Notes: Geography And The Centers Of Taliban Gravity - FPRI THE geography OF WAR Several commentators are now estimating that it will Borderingsix nations (turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, China, Pakistan, and Iran http://www.fpri.org/enotes/americawar.20011105.noonan.talibancenter.html

Home About Us Research Programs Publications ... Transcripts Browse FPRI Bulletins By Subject By Author By Date By Publication Foreign Policy Research Institute 1528 Walnut St, Ste 610 Philadelphia, PA 19102 Tel. 215-732-3774 Fax 215-732-4401 fpri@fpri.org E-Notes Geography and the Centers of Taliban Gravity by Michael P. Noonan November 5, 2001 Michael P. Noonan is a research fellow on American defense policy at the Foreign Policy Research Institute. A month into the war on terrorism, criticism of the Bush administration has begun to mount. Critics on the left are decrying the loss of innocent lives; critics on the right are asking why more is not being done. Additional tensions arise over the question of whether the United States and Britain should continue the conflict through the Muslim holy month of Ramadan. And concerns grow over whether the Northern Alliance is the ally the United States needs on the ground. To date the combination of aerial bombardment, Northern Alliance ground assaults, and the deployment of a small number of American and British special operations personnel is not producing noticeable results in defeating the Taliban and al-Qaeda. Recent statements by Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld suggest that the introduction of American and allied ground troops is now on the table. As the harsh Afghan winter approaches, however, the introduction of large numbers of ground troops may not be necessary to ensure victory. A limited but direct approach may plant the seeds for victory in Afghanistan come spring.

71. Natural And Geographic Conditions the economic, political, and distribution hub of Soviet Central Asia, Uzbekistanborders Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and turkmenistan. http://www.umid.uz/Main/Uzbekistan/Geography/geography.html

General Information Uzbekistan has an area slightly larger than that state of California, and is one of two countries in the world that has the dubious honor of being doubly landlocked. (Goods must pass through two other countries to reach a port, the only other country which shares this trait is Liechtenstein.) Traditionally the economic, political, and distribution hub of Soviet Central Asia, Uzbekistan borders Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan. The majority of Uzbekistan is desert steppe broken by fertile oases along the banks of two great rivers, the Amu Darya and Syr Darya. Uzbekistan has dry winters and no more than eight inches of rainfall per year, but its hot, dry summers extending from May to October, and water for irrigation produce excellent growing conditions for crops such as cotton, tobacco, fruits, and vegetables. The fertile Ferghana Valley boasts 6 million people, including large minorities of ethnic Kyrgyz, Tajiks, and Russians. The Ferghana Valley is split between three countries: Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, and is home to a very diverse ethnic mix. The Ferghana Valley produces a major share of the country's cotton and grain crops and contains numerous manufacturing plants, as well as natural gas and oil fields. Uzbekistan's central region consists mostly of desert, broken by the oases of the Zarafshan River, Qarshi Steppe, and Surkhandarya River. This region is best known for the ancient Silk Road cities of Samarkand and Bukhara, which together claim more than 600,000 inhabitants and comprise the heart of Uzbekistan's tourism industry. Central Uzbekistan is also home to the mining center of Navoi and contains the majority of Uzbekistan's gold and other mineral deposits, as well as the largest natural gas and oil fields. Irrigation along the Zarafshan and other rivers provides a basis for agriculture.

72. Prof. Agajan Babaev He was awarded a Diploma in geography from turkmenistan State University in 1949,a Candidate’s Degree in geography from Leningrad University in 1953, and a http://www.ias-worldwide.org/profiles/prof8.htm

Prof. Agajan Babaev Prof. Agajan Babaev was born on May 10, 1929 in Turkmenistan. He is married. He started out as a Lecturer in Geography and Head of the Physical Geography Chair at the Turkmen State University (1950-1960), moving on to become Director of the Desert Research Institute in Turkmenistan (1960-1975), (1986-1989) and (1997-todate). He was President of the Turkmenistan Academy of Sciences (1975-1986) and then Lecturer at the Turkmenistan University (1989-1993). Since 1987, Prof. Babaev has been the Director of the Regional Research and Training Center on Desertification Control ESCAP/UNEP. Prof. Babaev was Deputy in the Supreme Soviet of the USSR for two terms. He was elected a Fellow of the Islamic Academy of Sciences in 1993.

73. Turkmenistan Resources turkmenistan. geography and Maps. Archaeological Sites. University Programs.University College at London Department of Western Asiatic http://archaeology.about.com/library/atlas/blturkmenistan.htm

zfp=-1 About Homework Help Archaeology Search in this topic on About on the Web in Products Web Hosting Archaeology with K. Kris Hirst Your Guide to one of hundreds of sites Home Articles Forums ... Help zmhp('style="color:#fff"') Subjects ESSENTIALS Archaeology Glossary Book Catalog Guide to Graduate Schools ... All articles on this topic Stay up-to-date! Subscribe to our newsletter. Advertising Free Credit Report Free Psychics Advertisement Turkmenistan Sites Universities Researchers Culture History ... Geography and Maps Archaeological Sites University Programs University College at London Department of Western Asiatic Archaeology, research in Bahrain, Yemen, Turkmenistan, Iran, Iraq, and Syria. Current Researchers Mike Charles and Colin Merrony University of Sheffield, a joint Turkmenian, Russian and British survey in the Bolshoi Balkan, and related excavations at Jeitun, a Neolithic site. Georgina Herrmann University College of London, work in Turkmenistan and Jordan, ivory and stone figurines and iconography. Cultural History A History of Turkmenistan By citizen of the world Viacheslav Pankratov.

74. TURKMENISTAN turkmenistan. turkmenistan. geography turkmenistan is situated inCentral Asia. Its area is 488,100 sq. km, or around 188,456 sq. http://vacations.lycos.com/packages/show_country.asp?countryid=TM

75. Turkmenistan Information And Online Map - Map Town Ltd. Introduction. Top of Page. Background Annexed by Russia between 1865 and 1885,turkmenistan became a Soviet republic in 1925. geography. Top of Page. http://www.maptown.com/geos/turkmenistan.html

Home Maps Canadian Topo Etopo Digital Maps ... FAQ - Help Turkmenistan Turkmenistan Introduction [Top of Page] Background: Annexed by Russia between 1865 and 1885, Turkmenistan became a Soviet republic in 1925. It achieved its independence upon the dissolution of the USSR in 1991. President NIYAZOV retains absolute control over the country and opposition is not tolerated. Extensive hydrocarbon/natural gas reserves could prove a boon to this underdeveloped country if extraction and delivery projects can be worked out. Geography [Top of Page] Location: Central Asia, bordering the Caspian Sea, between Iran and Kazakhstan Geographic coordinates: 40 00 N, 60 00 E Map references: Commonwealth of Independent States Area: total: 488,100 sq km land: 488,100 sq km water: sq km Area - comparative: slightly larger than California Land boundaries: total: 3,736 km border countries: Afghanistan 744 km, Iran 992 km, Kazakhstan 379 km, Uzbekistan 1,621 km Coastline: km note: Turkmenistan borders the Caspian Sea (1,768 km) Maritime claims: none (landlocked) Climate: subtropical desert Terrain: flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes rising to mountains in the south; low mountains along border with Iran; borders Caspian Sea in west

76. Welcome To Turkmenistan geography. Top of Page. Coastline 0 km note turkmenistan borders the CaspianSea (1,768 km). Maritime claims none (landlocked). Climate subtropical desert. http://www.middleeastnews.com/Turkmenistan.html

www.MiddleEastNews.com www.MiddleEastLink.com Welcome to Turkmenistan Map of Turkmenistan Map of Turkmenistan Introduction Geography ... Economy Business Organizations Links To visit our sponsors, click the sponsor's icon of your choice. Be a sponsor! click here SPONSOR LAOAG NET This space is reserved for your company Geography [Top of Page] Location: Central Asia, bordering the Caspian Sea, between Iran and Kazakhstan Geographic coordinates: 40 00 N, 60 00 E Map references: Commonwealth of Independent States Area: total: 488,100 sq km land: 488,100 sq km water: sq km slightly larger than California Land boundaries: total: 3,736 km border countries: Afghanistan 744 km, Iran 992 km, Kazakhstan 379 km, Uzbekistan 1,621 km Coastline: km note: Turkmenistan borders the Caspian Sea (1,768 km) Maritime claims: none (landlocked) Climate: subtropical desert Terrain: flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes rising to mountains in the south; low mountains along border with Iran; borders Caspian Sea in west Elevation extremes: lowest point: Sarygamysh Koli -110 m highest point: Ayrybaba 3,139 m

77. Untitled Document turkmenistan http//geography.about.com/library/blank/blxturkmenistan.htm Free blank outline map of turkmenistan. http//www.lib http://www.ku.edu/~crees/Outreach/Themes/maps.htm

The University of Kansas Maps CREES Home Area Studies Outreach CREES Outreach Home Upcoming Events Newsletter Resources for Teachers Links by Country Links by Theme Albania http://www.aths-travel.com/INCOMING/Map.htm Albania Tourist Map http://geography.about.com/library/blank/blxalbania.htm Free blank map of Albania. http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/albania.html Armenia http://www.thegutsygourmet.net/arm_map.gif Map of present day Armenia. http://geography.about.com/library/blank/blxarmenia.htm Free blank outline map of Armenia. http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/armenia.html Azerbaijan http://geography.about.com/library/blank/blxazerbaijan.htm Free blank outline map of Azerbaijan. http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/azerbaijan.html Belarus http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/commonwealth/belarus_pol_97.jpg Map of Belarus from the University of Texas. http://geography.about.com/library/blank/blxbelarus.htm Free blank outline map of Belarus. http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/belarus.html

78. Turkmenistan geography, turkmenistan. Location Central Asia, bordering the Caspian Sea,between Iran and Kazakhstan. Geographic coordinates 40 00 N, 60 00 E. http://www.national-anthems.net/countries/main/tx.shtml

To download MP3 files you need to registered as user, free simple registration is available here Turkmenistan Vocal anthem: Old Instrumental anthem: Mp3 download Turkmenistan 1.64 MB uploaded 2002.05.13 Real player stream Turkmenistan more info here Geography Turkmenistan Location: Central Asia, bordering the Caspian Sea, between Iran and Kazakhstan Geographic coordinates: 40 00 N, 60 00 E Map references: Asia Area: total: 488,100 sq km water: sq km land: 488,100 sq km Land boundaries: total: 3,736 km border countries: Afghanistan 744 km, Iran 992 km, Kazakhstan 379 km, Uzbekistan 1,621 km Coastline: km; note - Turkmenistan borders the Caspian Sea (1,768 km) Maritime claims: none (landlocked) Climate: subtropical desert Terrain: flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes rising to mountains in the south; low mountains along border with Iran; borders Caspian Sea in west Elevation extremes: lowest point: Vpadina Akchanaya -81 m; note - Sarygamysh Koli is a lake in northern Turkmenistan with a water level that fluctuates above and below the elevation of Vpadina Akchanaya (the lake has dropped as low as -110 m)

79. Awesome Library - Local Information Topics Countries -geography -Regions -USA Afghanistan Africa Albania Algeria Angola TanzaniaThailand Tibet Togo Tunisia Turkey turkmenistan Uganda Ukraine http://www.awesomelibrary.org/Library/Local_Information/Local_Information.html

Awesome Talking Library Examples ... U.S. Department of Peace Here: Home Library > Local Information Local Information Topics -Countries -Geography -Regions -USA ... Back to Top Hot Topics Current Events Holidays World Peace Environment ... Business Ethics and Obesity Browse in Spanish French German Russian ... Korean or Japanese Try Index New Search Engines Dictionary or the Bookstore Email Us About Us Link to Us ... Licenses Return to Teachers Kids Teens Parents ... Librarians or College Students

80. ALMISBAH: Regions, Nations And Peoples: Particular Regions: Turkic Peoples Of Mi Keywords, UNESCO; projects; general info; geography; statistics; Central Asia;Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; turkmenistan; Uzbekistan, DETAILS. http://ssgdoc.bibliothek.uni-halle.de/vlib/ssgfi/subject/almisbah_ssg0302080301_

ALMISBAH: Regions, Nations and Peoples: Particular Regions: Turkic Peoples of Middle Asia: Turkmenistan: General Resources (WWW) 1. Buchversand Krieger Source Type Booksellers URL http://home.t-online.de/home/krieger.buch/ Keywords Caucasus; literature; books; periodicals; booksellers; Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Uzbekistan; Turkmenistan; Tajikistan; Russia; Weiterstadt DETAILS Contents Clarity Index Links 2. The Caspian Environment Programme (CEP) Source Type Topical Websites URL http://www.caspianenvironment.org/ Keywords Azerbaijan; Iran; Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Caspian Sea Region; research; programs; Caspian Sea; environmental conditions; environment DETAILS Contents Clarity Index Links 3. Country Studies: Area Handbook Series [LOC] Source Type General Encyclopedias URL http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/cshome.html Keywords country information; bibliography; geography; economy; politics; society; history; general information; country studies; Library of Congress; Afghanistan; Saudi Arabia; Kuwait; Qatar; United Arab Emirates; Oman; Bahrain; Iraq; Syria; Lebanon; Jordan; Mauritania; Algeria; Libya; Egypt; Sudan; Cyprus; Ethiopia; Somalia; Iran; Tajikistan; Turkey; Armenia; Georgia; Azerbaijan; Uzbekistan; Turkmenistan; Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan DETAILS Contents Clarity Index Links 4. Development Gateway : Data / Statistics

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