61. Library Of Congress / Federal Research Division / Country Studies / Area Handboo Origins and Early history; Formation of the Turkmen Nation; Incorporation intoRussia; Soviet turkmenistan; Sovereignty and Independence. Physical Environment http://memory.loc.gov/frd/cs/tmtoc.html

TURKMENISTAN - A Country Study Search Turkmenistan Include word variants Use only words as entered. Please note: The current Country Study was previously in a multi-country volume. Chapter numbers reflect those used in the printed book. TURKMENISTAN Foreword Acknowledgments Preface ... Glossary

62. MISC> History Of Turkmenistan MISC history of turkmenistan. history of turkmenistan http//www.geocities.com/Athens/5246/history.html.history of turkmenistan beginning from 5000 BCE. http://scout.wisc.edu/addserv/NH/99-01/99-01-28/0019.html

From: nikst [ mailto:nikst@glasnet.ru Sent: Wednesday, January 27, 1999 11:39 PM History of Turkmenistan http://www.geocities.com/Athens/5246/History.html History of Turkmenistan - beginning from 5000 BCE Turkmenistan is an ancient land and its history is closly connected with neighbouring nations; Uzbeks, Kazakhs , Tadjiks , Persians, and nations of Afganistan. That's why I plan to bring you so much information I will be able to find about all states and nations who left their traces on the Land wich we call now Turkmenistan, and there was lot of them ! Dates indicate time when left mentioned Dynasties or Rulers were ruling on some of territory of contemporary Turkmenistan. Maps Major Events relevant to Central Asia History Period from 5000 to 3000 years BC Iranians Iranian Dynasties The Kingdom of Medes 625 -550BC Persian Empire 550 - 328 BC Scythians Alexander The Great 328-323 BC. The Seleucids 323-247 Parthian empire 247 BC - 224 AD Sassanid dynasty 224-651 A Chronology of Muslim History 570 -1940 The Arabs 651-819 You can find a lot about Arab's History at Encyclopaedia of Orient,but I recommend start from Muhammad or Abbas.

63. Turkmenistan : Arts And Humanities : History turkmenistan Arts and Humanities history, turkmenistan Arts and Humanities history homepage, turkmenistan Arts and Humanities history web http://vip.asiaco.com/Turkmenistan/Arts_and_Humanities/History/

ASIACO VIP Partnership! Sign up Now! About ASIACO VIP Partnership Manage Accounts Sample ... Help Turkmenistan : Arts and Humanities : History Home Turkmenistan Arts and Humanities : History Sites History of Turkmenistan History of Turkmenistan Official page URL: http://www.geocities.com/Athens/5246/History.html Last modified 1-Apr-1999 Sign up Now! About ASIACO VIP Partnership Manage Accounts Sample ... Help This site powered by Microasia Servers.

64. IREX - Promoting Internet Development > IATP > Program News TURKMEISTAN Learning About the history of turkmenistan On January 2526,twelve alumni got the straight story about turkmenistan's history. http://www.irex.org/programs/iatp/news/2002/0125_iatpbrief.asp

Search: sitemap Home Internet Development IATP ... United States Internet Access and Training Program (IATP) Program News News Archives: IATP Program News Program highlights for week ending January 25, 2002 BELARUS Art through Technology in Minsk, Belarus Belarusian IATP volunteer Alexander Korablyev led a new seminar on photomontage techniques at the public access site in Minsk on January 24-25. Alexander, who had recently completed an IATP course in web design, introduced the participants to Adobe Photoshop software and its various capabilities, focusing on the artistic possibilities opened by its features. The group learned how to combine and juxtapose different images and use image effects to create abstract works of art. The software allows artists and web designers to add to their repertoire of tools and extend the reach of their artistic vision. MOLDOVA IATP Ungheni Supports Local NGOs On January 25, IATP Ungheni hosted a one-hour seminar on methods of disseminating information about civil society projects through the Internet. The event was organized specifically for a group of seven local NGOs that had requested support and assistance from IATP. Veaceslav Fusa, the IATP Ungheni trainer, presented examples of current collaboration with similar organizations in Moldova and explored examples of NGO publicity throughout the world. A secondary purpose of the seminar was to increase the amount of local NGO web content. Fusa focused on local web development, presenting a traditional Moldovan handicrafts site (http://www.iatp.md/artizanat) hosted by IATP as a successful example of local project publicity. As a result of the event, NGO representatives plan to expand their web activity in collaboration with IATP.

65. Turkmenistan 1869-1917 Turkmenistan 1917-1925 Turkmenistan 1925- turkmenistan Virtual Library turkmenistan, from ICARP; has short history section;further links on the history of turkmenistan, from Eurasianet; further http://stabi.hs-bremerhaven.de/whkmla/region/centrasia/xturkmenistan.html

First posted on May 29th 2002, last revised om February 12th 2003 Turkmenistan 1869-1917 Turkmenistan 1917-1925 Turkmenistan 1925-1945 Turkmenistan 1945-1991 ... Turkmenistan independent, since 1991 EXTERNAL FILES CIA World Factbook Turkmenistan BBC Country Profile : Turkmenistan ; World Reference Desk : Turkmenistan Virtual Library : Turkmenistan , from ICARP; has short history section; further links on the history of Turkmenistan, from Eurasianet ; further links on Turkmenistan from oxuscom Library of Congress Country Studies : Turkmenistan Timeline Turkmenistan, from BBC News ; from timelines.ws ; Timeline : Major Events relevant to Central Asian History (since 1600), from oxuscom Chronology of Catholic Dioceses : Turkmenistan, from Kirken i Norge History of Turkmenistan, by ; from Turkmenistan Embassy ; from Turkmenistan on the Web ; from Times of Central Asia Article Ashgabat, from infoplease Political Resources on the Net : Turkmenistan For the Record 2000 : Turkmenistan , from UN Human Rights System Languages of Turkmenistan (2), from

66. TDS; Passports, Visas, Travel Documents - Turkmenistan The Washington DC Embassy presents this material about the history of turkmenistan.To Country Main Page To TDS Home Page Travel Document Systems http://www.traveldocs.com/tm/history.htm

Turkmenistan History The territory of Turkmenistan has been populated since ancient times, as armies from one empire to another decamped on their way to more prosperous territories. Tribes of horse-breeding Turkmen drifted into the territory of Turkmenistan from ancient times, possibly from the Altay Mountains, and grazed along the outskirts of the Karakum Desert into Persia, Syria, and Anatolia. Alexander the Great conquered the territory in the 4th century B.C. on his way to India. One hundred fifty years later the Parthian Kingdom took control of Turkmenistan, establishing its capital in Nisa, an area now located in the suburbs of the modern-day capital of Ashgabat. In the 7th century A.D. Arabs conquered this region, bringing with them the Islamic religion and incorporating the Turkmen into Middle Eastern culture. It was around this time that the famous "Road" was established as a major trading route between Asia and Europe. In the middle of the 11th century, the powerful Turks of the Seldjuk Empire concentrated their strength in the territory of Turkmenistan in an attempt to expand into Afghanistan. The empire broke down in the second half of the 12th century, and the Turkmen lost their independence when Genghis Khan took control of the eastern Caspian Sea region on his march west. For the next 7 centuries the Turkmen people lived under various empires and fought constant intertribal wars amongst themselves. From the 16th century on, Turkmen raiders on horseback preyed on passing caravans, pillaging and taking prisoners for the slave trade. After kidnapping Russians from the expanding Tsarist Empire, the Turkmen fell into trouble. Russia sent forces to Turkmenistan, and in 1881 fighting climaxed with the massacre of 7,000 Turkmen at the desert fortress of Geok Depe, near modern Ashgabat; another 8,000 were killed trying to flee across the desert. By 1894 imperial Russia had taken control of Turkmenistan. The October Revolution of 1917 in Russia and subsequent political unrest led to the declaration of the Turkmen Republic as one of the 15 republics of the Soviet Union in 1924. At this time the modern borders of Turkmenistan were formed. The Turkmen Republic was under full control of Moscow, which exploited its raw materials resources for the purposes of the Soviet Union. Sovereignty was only a formality, since Russia ultimately ruled all Soviet states.

67. Turkmenistan Airline-History history. Sea shore and near the modern port of Turkmenbashi, establishing the prehistoricpresence of humans in the area that is today known as turkmenistan. http://www.t5turkmenistan.com/History.htm

History Tools from the stone age have been discovered along the Caspian Sea shore and near the modern port of Turkmenbashi, establishing the pre-historic presence of humans in the area that is today known as Turkmenistan. The remains of farming settlements in the Kopet-Dag mountains date back 8,000 years. By the 6th century B.C., the powerful Persian Empire had established the provinces of Parthia and Margiana, is what is now Turkmenistan. In the 4th century B.C., the Persian Empire was defeated by the army of Alexander the Great. In 330 B.C., Alexander marched northward into central Asia and founded the city of Alexandria near the Murgab River. Located on an important trade route, Alexandria later became the city of Merv (modern Mary).The ruins of Alexander's ancient city are still visible along the banks of the Murgab River. After Alexander's death in 323 B.C., kingdom fell Scythians, who established the kingdom of Parthia, which covered present-day Turkmenistan and Iran. Parthia fell in A.D. 224 to the Sasanian rulers of Persia. Although Turkmenistan was still populated mostly by nomadic herders, permanent settlements were prospering in the fertile river valleys. Central Asia came under Arab control after a series of invasions in the late 7th and early 8th centuries. Meanwhile, the Oguz, the ancestors of the Turkmen, were migrating from eastern Asia into central Asia. The Arab conquest brought the Islamic religion to the Oguz and to the other peoples of central Asia.

68. The Great Silk Road.History Of Central Asia:Turkmenistan 15 days razed it Historical Museum The pride of Ashgabat's tiny National HistoryMuseum is Anau Anau is the site of another of turkmenistan's vanished cities. http://kyrgyzstan.agava.ru/turk.htm

Kyrgyzstan, Bishkek,Issyk-Kul, adventures, Issyk Kul, Silk Road, the great Silk road,the great Silk way, The great Silk route, Silk route,Silk way,central asia,rafting,yurta,Tien-Shan, Tien Shan, Kyrghizia, Kyrghizstan,Kyrgyzstan, Bishkek,Issyk-Kul,Issyk Kul, Kyrgyzstan, Bishkek,Issyk-Kul,Issyk Kul,Silk Road,the great Silk road,the great Silk way, The great Silk route, Silk route,Silk way,central asia,,central asia,rafting,yurta,Tien-Shan, Tien Shan, Kyrghizia, Kyrghizstan Abonement Box #1317, Bishkek, 72010, Kyrgyzstan E-mail: support@kyrgyzstan.agava.ru Phone:+996(502) 560-133, fax:+1(253) 669-8627 Home About us Trekking Biking ... Souvenirs about Kyrgyzstan w TURKMENISTAN Ashgabat Ashgabat was founded as a Russian garrison town three days after the killing of 20,000 Turkmens at Geok-Tepe in 1881, and was hit by earthquake in 1893, 1895 and 1929. In 1948 the earthquake completely destroyed the city and killed 110,000. Nissa Nissa was founded about 4-3 century B.C as the capital of the Parthians, nomads who pushed back Alexander's Creek armies and gained an empire stretching to the Euphrates and to the Indus. In its prime Nissa was reinforced with 43 towers, sheltering the Royal Palace and a couple of temples, and surrounded by a thriving commercial city. One ruling dynasty replaced another until the 13th century when the Mongols arrived, laid siege to the city and after 15 days razed it Historical Museum The pride of Ashgabat's tiny National History Museum is a collection of artefacts from Nissa. Most amazing are rhytons, horn-shaped vessels of intricately carved ivory used for Zoroastrian rituals and official occasions.

69. Latif: Sights In Turkmenistan 1972, undertaken by the Russian Institute of Archaeology of Academy of Sciences andthe turkmenistan Academy of Sciences Institute of history, Archaeology and http://www.turkmenistan-travel.com/sights.htm

SIGHTS IN TURKMENISTAN We recommend that you visit the sights listed below by category and by name SUGGESTED PLACES TO VISIT BY CATEGORY CARPETS The Turkmen Carpet Museum in Ashgabat - Visit to a national carpet factory Oriental bazaar/carpet market (Th., Sa.,Su.) where you can find old and new rugs, jewelry, textiles, coins a very popular tourist stop in Turkmenistan! - Fashion show in Ashgabat, with sale of carpets, mats and articles of national clothing and (for groups of 10 or more) dinner with wine EMBROIDERY AND TEXTILES - Fine Arts Museum - National Museum of History and Ethnography (Berzenghee Settlement) - Visit with a Turkmen family of craftsmen, displaying and offering for sale their handmade textiles JEWELRY - Fine Arts Museum - National Museum of History and Ethnography (Berzenghee Settlement) - Jewelry show of a wide assortment of Turkmen silver jewelry from the 19th and 20th centuries ARCHITECTURE Kunia-Urgench Ancient Merv Ancient Nisa - History Museum at Mary NATIONAL CULTURE Camel Safari trips Akhal-Teke horse show and racing in the Hippodrome and in the Kopet Dagh Mountains - Ashgabat city pure-bred horse show - Traditional Turkmen wedding celebration and dinner - Folk dancing show Gonour-Depe Marghiana Merv Museum of History and Archaeology (Merv) ... Badkhyz National Reserve NISA Capital of Ancient Parthia; 3rd century B.C. - 3rd century A.D.

70. TRAVEL.com ® ... Regional:Asia:Turkmenistan:Society_and_Culture:History Results 1 1 of at least 1 history of turkmenistan - geocities.com/Athens/5246/history.htmlhistory of turkmenistan with maps, links and articles. http://www.travel.com/Regional/Asia/Turkmenistan/Society_and_Culture/History/

Languages: Chinese Deutsch Español Français ... More... (~70 Languages) Welcome to... Flights Lodging Cars Cruises ... Web Directories (2.5 Million URLs) Search Countries: Africa Asia Caribbean Central America ... South America Special Deals Continental Airline Vacations Future Vacations Delta (Airline) Vacations Lodging.com Hot Deals ... Priceline - Disneyland Deals Travel Info Advisories (USA Gov't) ATM Locator Driving Directions Embassies ... Weather Travel Products Foreign Currencies (Buy) Insurance Luggage, Apparel, Adapters Publications ... Sporting Goods NEW! Messaging Forums - Don't be shy! Click on the Forums tab above to exchange travel info with users worldwide. NEW! Hotel Specials and Destination Guides Caribbean Florida Mexico Hawaii ... Turkmenistan History Results 1 - 1 of at least 1 History of Turkmenistan geocities.com/Athens/5246/History.html History of Turkmenistan with maps, links and articles. Help build the largest human-edited directory on the web. Submit a Site Open Directory Project Become an Editor Check More Deals by These Vendors at TRAVEL.com... Flights Travelnow Priceline Hotwire Asia Travel Mart Lodging TravelNow H.R.N.

71. CSEEES - Turkmenistan history of turkmenistan from ancient times to the present day. Holidays turkmenistan Ever wondered what holidays they celebrate in turkmenistan? http://www.duke.edu/web/CSEEES/turkmen.html

main page About the CSEEES Undergraduate Slavic Studies Graduate Slavic Studies ... Tajikistan Turkmenistan Ukraine Uzbekistan Yugoslavia click here to see Turkmenistan's flag click here to see a map of Turkmenistan full name: Turkmenistan local name: Turkmenistan languages: Turkmen, Russian, Uzbek currency: 1 Tukmen manat (TMM) = 100 tenesi independence: 27 October 1991 (from the Soviet Union) total area: 488,100 sq km comparative area: slightly larger than California borders: Afghanistan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan population: 4,297,629 (July 1998) life expectancy: male 57.68 years, female 65.11 years general travel language history ... Turkmenistan on the Web a guide to Ashgabat, photo gallery, general information about Turkmenistan, business and tourism information, and more On-Line Turkmenistan Information Center national data, government information, pictures, weather, news and more Turkmenistan Online information on geography, history, population, religion, language, and other information to be added Turkmenistan Resource Page links for sites on history, culture, the environment, travel, business, human rights, media and more Turkmenistan - A Country Study The Library of Congress page, full of historical, societal, economic and political information

72. LycosZone Directory > Homework > History And Current Events > Russian History (a What kind of turkmenistan Websites are you looking for? history Culture history page of the turkmenistan embassy's page. Grade Level 9-12, http://www.lycoszone.com/dir/Homework/History and Current Events/Russian History

Search For: Lycos Zone Home Family Zone Teachers Zone What kind of Turkmenistan Websites are you looking for? History page of the Turkmenistan embassy's page. Grade Level: 9-12 Check out other "Russian History (and Independent States)" Web Pages! Go To Top of Directory Back to Lycos Zone! Lycos Worldwide ... Lycos Zone Privacy Statement

73. History us history This page is currently under construction. About us Catalog How to order history turkmenistan Contact us . http://www.turkmenistan-online.com/cp_history.html

About us Catalog How to order History ... Contact us History http://www.spongobongo.com/Turkoman.htm About us Catalog How to order ... Contact us

74. Turkmenistan This page is currently under construction. National emblem of turkmenistan About us Catalog How to order history turkmenistan Contact us . http://www.turkmenistan-online.com/cp_tstan.html

About us Catalog How to order History ... Contact us Turkmenistan This page is currently under construction. National emblem of Turkmenistan About us Catalog How to order History ... Contact us

75. History Of Turkmenistan Sayfayý Yazdýr, history of turkmenistan. The name of Turkmen thatwas firstly used in a Sogut letter in the century VIII was used http://www.ozturkler.com/data_english/0006/0006_07_03.htm

History of Turkmenistan The name of Turkmen that was firstly used in a Sogut letter in the century VIII was used as a general identification name for the Turks and particularly the Muslim Oguz tribes that led a settled life since the century X. Nowadays, the name of Turkmen is used with a narrow sense for the Turks that live in the Republic of Turkmenistan and those are the members of Turkmen tribes living in Iraq, Iran, Syria and Anatolia. The most reasonable opinion about the etymology of this word is the opinion that states that the suffix of –man, -men that were observed in the words such as Kuman, Karaman, Ataman, Kolemen, Kogmen, etc. were attached to the end of the word of Turk. Turkmen Turkic language belongs to the Oguz Turkish of the Turkish language together with Azerbaijani, Turkey and Khorasan Turkish languages. Pursuant to Nadir Shah that was the Turkish ruler of the Safevi State, Turkmen people suffered from the attacks of the Iranians and Hive people. Then, they started to expand towards the region of Merv since the year of 1835. The Castle of Oraz was constructed in the banks of Tecend Darya River. However, they encountered the sudden attacks of the Persian and Hive people.

76. Welcome To Turkmenistan To fulfill the tasks assigned to it, the National Museum will conduct research intothe history of turkmenistan and the study of its arts, using national and http://siyakhat.narod.ru/museum.html

Licence ¹ 000029 - April 12, 1996 - the President of Turkmenistan Saparmurat Niyazov approved the architectural project of the National Museum of Turkmenistan (Turkish architect Jan Onai) - April 26, 1996 - May 16, 1996 - the President of Turkmenistan and Turkey Saparmurat Niyazov and Suleiman Demirel took part in the solemn laying of the National Museum's foundation stone - November, 1997 - Construction work completed - January 5, 1998 - November 12, 1998 - the President of Turkmenistan and Turkey Saparmurat Niyazov and Suleiman Demirel took part in a ceremony of solemn unveiling of the National Museum of Turkmenistan Tehnical parameters: - General area - 14563 sq.m - Exhibition area - 3171 sq.m - Number of exhibition halls - 7 - Namber of storage units - 33776 - Designed for 2500 visitors a day National Museum of Turkmenistan Turkmenistan's National Museum was "born" on the January, 5, 1998. On that day the President of the country signed a statement setting out its future. The construction of the building was already completed, but work to equip the interior and shape its displays was still to come. The museum traces its roots back to the XIX century and a small amateur collection of household artifacts and examples of Turkmen workmanship which were displayed at the Russian industrial exhibition in Nizhni Novgorod in 1896. The exhibits were returned to Ashkhabad and used to found the Transcaspian Regional Museum, 100 years ago, on of March, 17, 1899. It soon became the single centre for the study of local nature, ethnography and history, with natural history as its main direction for a long time.

77. Asian American Net: Turkmenistan turkmenistan Resource Page. Brief history, maps, fact book ethnic info,arts culture, govt. departments, business, international involvement. http://www.asianamerican.net/turkmen_main.html

Central Asia Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Tajikistan ... Uzbekistan Republic of Turkmenistan Embassy Address: 2207 Massachusetts Avenue, NW Washington, D.C. 20008 Phone: 202-588-1500 Fax: 202-588-0697 E-Mail: turkmen@earthlink.net Turkmenistan Embassy in Washington, DC American Embassy in Ashgabat President of Turkmenistan ... CIA Factbook : Country Profile Encyclopaedia Britannica : Article Page Library of Congress, Area Handbook : Country Study Country Profile : US AID World Flag Database: Turkmenistan Flags Of The World: Turkmenistan U.S. Energy Information Administration, DOE : Country Fact Sheet Ethnologue: Languages of Turkmenistan Turkmenistan Government National Institute of Democracy and Human Rights Ministry of Communications ... Selected Turkmenistan Government Leaders Constitution and Law: Constitution of Turkmenistan Guide to Law Online : Law Library of Congress Internet Law Library : Kent Law School Information about the Parliamentary Chamber Law of Destatization and Privatization of Property Ayel Legal Consulting Center Banks and Financial Institutions: Major Banks of Turkmenistan Turkmen Commercial and Foreign Banks in Turkmenistan State and Joint Stock Commercial Banks in Turkmenistan Commercial Banks in Turkmenistan ... Turkmenistan banks and financial links Investing, Doing Business in Turkmenistan:

78. Turkmenistan (11/02) EOPLE AND history The territory of turkmenistan has been populated since ancienttimes, as armies from one empire to another decamped on their way to more http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2866.htm

[Print Friendly Version] Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs November 2002 Background Note: Turkmenistan PROFILE OFFICIAL NAME: Turkmenistan Geography Area: 229,060 sq. km. (188,417 sq. mi.). Cities: Capital Ashgabat. Other cities Turkmenabat (formerly Chardjou), Dashowuz, Mary, Turkmenbashi. Terrain: 80% covered in subtropical, sandy Karakum Desert, with dunes rising to the Kopet Dag Mountains in the south along the border with Iran; borders the Caspian Sea to the west and the Amu Darya River and Uzbekistan to the east; borders Afghanistan to the southeast, Kazakhstan to the north. People Nationality: Turkmen. Population (July 2002 est.): 4,688,963. Annual growth rate (2000 est.): 1.87%. Ethnic groups: Turkmen 77%, Uzbek 9.2%, Russian 6.7%, Kazakh 2%, other 5.1%. Religions: Muslim 89%, Eastern Orthodox 9%, unknown 2%. Languages: Turkmen 72%, Russian 12%, Uzbek 9%, other 7%. Education: Literacy Work force: 2.34 million. Government Type: Republic. Independence: October 27, 1991 (from the Soviet Union). Constitution: May 18, 1992.

79. History Of Turkmenistan com! turkmenistan No Brief history Currently Available, Brief history;Main Country Page; Vital Statistics; Embassy Info; Travel Guides. http://www.muchofun.com/history/turkmenistan_history.html

Video Games 50 to 90% Off: Playstation 2 Games Playstation Games View All Video Games Music Cds 50 to 90% Off: New Releases Bargain CDs View All Cds Contests: Win a Xbox! Free Daily Lottery Web Search: Make Money Special Offer: 4.5 cents /minute Unlimited Long Distance at LowerMyBills.com Turkmenistan No Brief History Currently Available Brief History Main Country Page Vital Statistics Embassy Info Travel Guides ... embassies

80. Banknotes.com - Image Gallery - Banknotes Of Turkmenistan P13, 10000 Manat 2000 Turkmen-chief's Palaces, Obverse Reverse.Country Info Views of turkmenistan history of turkmenistan. http://www.banknotes.com/tm.htm

Banknotes of Turkmenistan Asia Index World Index Banknotes for Sale Consignment List ... Numismatic Books Cat # Description Image P-1 1 Manat ND(1993) (Academy, Temple) P-2 5 Manat ND(1993) (Mausoleum, horn P-3 10 Manat ND(1993) (Niazov, buildings) P-4b 20 Manat 1995 (Niazov, National Library) P-5b 50 Manat 1995 (Monument, mosque) P-6b 100 Manat 1995 (Presidential Palace) P-7b 500 Manat 1995 (Theatre, Mausoleum) P-8 1000 Manat 1995 (President Niazov, arms) P-9 5000 Manat 1996 (President Niazov, arms) P-10 10000 Manat 1996 (Presidential Palace) P-11 10000 Manat 1998 Mosque of Saparmurat P-12 10000 Manat 1999 Palace of Turkmenbashy P-13 10000 Manat 2000 Turkmen-chief's Palaces Country Info

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