1. GO BRITANNIA! Wales: Welsh Literature Introduction to welsh literature.Category Arts Literature World Literature Welsh......welsh literature, Tours An Introduction to welsh literature Much Welshliterature is unknown outside the borders of the principality. Anglo http://www.britannia.com/wales/lit/intro.html

Welsh Literature - Vacation Packages - Virtual Tours TRAVEL - UK Travel Directory - Planning Resources - Reservations - London Guide - Wales on Britannia - Scotland - Earth Mysteries - News - Events - Arts Directory - Museums - Literature - Theatre BUSINESS CENTRE - Business Directory SHOPPING Search Britannia Britannia Home Wales Home WALES History of Wales Welsh Language Wales Forum Seven Wonders ... Welsh Proverbs TRAVEL Travel Home London Guide Touring Online Planning Resources ... Scotland An Introduction to Welsh Literature Those of us who know better recognize that from evidence of surviving works by sixth century poets Taliesin and Aneirin, Welsh can claim to be the oldest attested vernacular literature in Europe. (Surviving literature from England is in Old English and thus not in the vernacular: only scholars can read it for understanding; Scottish literature is mainly written in Middle English). In addition, both Taliesin and Aneirin were inheritors of an already old and sophisticated bardic tradition that was common to the Celtic peoples of Europe. Wales possesses a rich literature that amply rewards its study. It has a long and impressive history. Chapter 1: Heroic Poetry Chapter 2: The Saga Poems Chapter 3: Arthuriana Chapter 4: Giraldus Cambrensis Chapter 5: The Mabinogion Chapter 6: The Court Poets Chapter 7: Poets of the Gentry Chapter 8: Poetry of Discontent Chapter 9: The Welsh Bible Chapter 10: The Renaissance Chapter 11: 17th Century Religious Literature Chapter 12: 18th Century Wales Chapter 13: Influence of London

2. Cyfwe Contemporary welsh literature translated into numerous languages, with parallel texts and commentary. http://www.cyfwe.org/

3. Cylch Llên Cymru: The Ring Of Welsh Literature Cylch Llên Cymru the Ring of welsh literature is a webring westablished to support Weare inclusive on language too we welc. The Ring of welsh literature. http://www.webexcel.ndirect.co.uk/cylch/

the ring of Welsh Literature The webring homepage is now at: http://website.lineone.net/~gwarnant/cylch/ this page will refresh automatically to the new URL

4. Welsh Literature. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001 The earliest welsh literature is preserved in about half a dozen manuscripts written with one exception after the 12th http://www.bartleby.com/65/we/Welshlit.html

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference Columbia Encyclopedia PREVIOUS NEXT ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Welsh literature literary writings in the Welsh language.

5. Medieval Welsh Literature Medieval welsh literature Last updated 8/26/2000 Bromwich, Rachel, and D. Simon Evans. Culhwch and Olwen An Edition and Study of the Oldest Arthurian Tale. Aberystwyth University of Wales, 1988; Second edition, 1992. http://www.digitalmedievalist.com/bibs/welshlit.html

Medieval Welsh Literature Last updated 1/1/2003 Bromwich, Rachel, and D. Simon Evans. Eds. and trans. Culhwch and Olwen: An Edition and Study of the Oldest Arthurian Tale. Aberystwyth: University of Wales, 1988; Second edition, 1992. ISBN Study. The second edition has the Welsh text, but the Introduction and Notes are in English. There's no translation of the tale, but there is a glossary and the notes are quite helpful. Amazon UK catalog page for Culhwch and Olwen: An Edition and Study of the Oldest Arthurian Tale Bromwich, Rachel. Ed. and trans. Trioedd Ynys Prydein: The Welsh Triads. University of Wales Press: Cardiff, 1978; Second edition 1991. A standard resource, Bromwich includes an Introduction, notes, all the triads in Welsh and in English, and various indices of names, etc. The third edition has been "coming out any day now" for some time; it's currently scheduled for 1999. Ford, Patrick K. Trans. The Mabinogi and Other Medieval Welsh Tales. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1977. ISBN 0520034147. Ford doesn't include the romances, but he includes the four branches, the native tales, and Taliessin material that is not available elsewhere in English. I think his introduction alone is worth the price of the book, and his translation is faithful to the tone of the Welsh, and easier to enjoy than any other. Amazon catalog page for The Mabinogi and Other Medieval Welsh Tales Amazon UK catalog page for The Mabinogi and Other Medieval Welsh Tales Ford, Patrick K. "Prolegomena to a Reading of the Mabinogi: 'Pwyll' and 'Manawydan.'"

6. Arthurian Literature Guide to manuscripts and literature focuses on the Welshversion of the Arthurian legend, such as "The Book of Taliesin" and "The Gododdin." (edd.) 1991, The Arthur of the Welsh. The Arthurian Legend in Medieval welsh literature (Cardiff 1991) pp.73-95 at p.85). http://www.users.globalnet.co.uk/~tomgreen/arthlit.htm

Arthurian Homepage Myrddin Arthurian Sites Historicity of Arthur ... Arthurian Characters Arthurian Literature This page is intended to provide a brief guide to the manuscripts and the literature within them concerning Arthur - the main focus of this guide will be on the 'Welsh' Arthur and readers wishing to know about other Arthurian literature are referred to the links listed elsewhere and the excellent Camelot Project at the University of Rochester . Parallel texts and translations of much of the early literature are readily available in John B. Coe and Simon Young The Celtic Sources for the Arthurian Legend (Llanerch 1995). The Nature of Arthur When considering the literature it is important to understand the nature of the Arthur that appears here. The Arthur of (pre-Galfridian) literature was "above all else...a defender of his country against every kind of danger, both internal and external: a slayer of giants and witches, a hunter of monstrous animals - giant boars, a savage cat monster, a winged serpent (or dragon) - and also, as it appears from Culhwch and Preiddeu Annwn , a releaser of prisoners. This concept [of Arthur] is substantiated from all the early sources: the poems

7. King Arthur In Early Welsh Literature Excerpts From Various King Arthur in Early welsh literature Excerpts from Various Welsh Poems and VersesEnglynion y Beddau, Stanzas of the Graves (aka The Graves of the Warriors http://www.britannia.com/history/docs/stanzas.html

Search Britannia BRITANNIA GATEWAYS History Travel British Life Shop Britannia King Arthur in Early Welsh Literature Excerpts from Various Welsh Poems and Verses Englynion y Beddau , "Stanzas of the Graves" (aka The Graves of the Warriors of Britain) are found in a number of Welsh manuscripts. The earliest and most important collection is in the"Black Book of Carmarthen" containing seventy-three stanzas; sixty-nine of which were copied in the second quarter of the thirteenth century and the other four (numbers 70 to 73) in the second half of the same century. Five such stanzas occur amongst the Llywarch verses in the "Red Book of Hergest" and it is known that these five were once in the earlier (fourteenth century) "White Book of Rhydderch." The stanzas themselves may well date to the ninth or tenth century. Certainly later court poets of the princes appear to have drawn on this information. There is a grave for March, a grave for Gwythur, a grave for Gwgawn Red-sword; the world's wonder a grave for Arthur.

8. GO BRITANNIA! Wales: Welsh Literature - Heroic Poetry Welcome to Wales on Britannia where you will find a wealth of information on Welsh culture, language, traditions and history presented by your guide Peter Williams. http://www.britannia.com/wales/lit/lit1.html

Welsh Literature - Vacation Packages - Virtual Tours TRAVEL - UK Travel Directory - Planning Resources - Reservations - London Guide - Wales on Britannia - Scotland - Earth Mysteries - News - Events - Arts Directory - Museums - Literature - Theatre BUSINESS CENTRE - Business Directory SHOPPING Search Britannia Britannia Home Wales Home WALES History of Wales Welsh Language Wales Forum Seven Wonders ... Welsh Proverbs TRAVEL Travel Home London Guide Touring Online Planning Resources ... Scotland Chapter 1: Heroic Poetry Surviving Welsh language poems, part of the heroic tradition, date all the way back to the late sixth century AD, making them part of the oldest attested vernacular in Europe. Two poets who continued what seems to have been an old Celtic bardic tradition of elaborate sound patterns and social ideals were Taliesin and Aneirin. Both these poets lived in northwestern Britain (Strathclyde) during the time of the Anglo-Saxon invasions. The Britons were desperately trying to hold on to their lands in the face of unrelenting pressure from the Germanic tribes now holding most of the eastern half of the island. Apart from what is now known as Wales, the British (or Brythonic) kingdoms that survived were Rheged, Gododdin and Strathclyde. These were cut off from Wales politically in the seventh century, but Strathclyde continued as a centre of the old poetic traditions for a few more centuries when the burden (and the honor) fell to Wales. Taliesin exemplified the image of the poet as sober craftsman and upholder of the social order. His poems are above all songs of praise to his lord, the ideal ruler Urien Rheged (King of Rheged), who protected his people by bravery and ferocity in battle, but who was magnanimous and generous in peace. The poems remind the king of his responsibilties at the same time they remind his followers of their duties to their leader. The vivid impressions of the poems are compressed into complex patterns of alliteration and internal rhyme that later developed into the peculiarly Welsh system known as cynghanedd in which key words are linked by repetition of consonants. In his elegy on the death of Urien, Taliesin incorporated Christian elements such as the prayer for the soul beginning and ending the poem, but also the pagan ideal of worship of the warrior leader.

9. Llys Arthur: Arthur In Welsh Literature Arthur in welsh literature. The following is a list of Arthurian referencesin medieval welsh literature. Wherever possible I have http://www.webexcel.ndirect.co.uk/gwarnant/arthur/arthurliterature.htm

Arthur in Welsh Literature The following is a list of Arthurian references in medieval Welsh literature. Wherever possible I have given the date of both the source manuscript and the date of the reference. The Celtic Sources for the Arthurian Legend which contains translations of excerpts from most of the relevant Welsh and Irish texts. Llyfr Du Caerfryddin Englynion y Beddau The Stanzas of the Graves are found in a number of Welsh manuscripts. The earliest and most important collection is in the Black Book of Carmarthen which contains seventy-three stanzas; sixty-nine of which were copied in the second quarter of the thirteen century and the other four (numbers 70 to 73) in the second half of the same century. Five more stanzas occur amongst the Llywarch verses in the Red Book of Hergest and it is known that these five were once in the earlier (fourteenth century) White Book of Rhydderch . Similar stanzas are found in two later manuscripts (Peniarth MS.98 and Wrexham MS.1); some of these are variants on Black Book stanzas.

10. Welsh Literature welsh literature Welsh Authors http://www.flanaganhighschool.com/~falconlit/other/welsh.htm

Welsh Literature Welsh Authors

11. Cyfwe - Welsh Literature In Translation Contemporary welsh literature translated into numerous languages,with parallel texts and commentary. Sorry! This web site makes http://www.cyfwe.org/index2.cfm

12. Ireland, Wales And Europe Covers the Great Famine, IrelandWales links, and translations from Irish/welsh literature. http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Forum/1719

Ireland and Wales I'm a retired librarian, born in Ireland but living in Wales where my family and friends call me 'Barry' Tobin. However, 'Patrick Finbarr' Tobin is the name on my Irish passport and on the free bus pass I received on January 12 for my 65th birthday ! 'Rich and Rare - Ireland's Store' My sister, Irene Parow, runs this gift shop in Cardiff. It is now stocked up with everything needed for that all important First Communion. There are notes on some of my favourite books HERE Since 1996 a magazine of Irish/Welsh interest has been published in Cardiff. The tenth and final edition of The Green Dragon was launched on St. Patrick's Day, 17 March 2002. To find out more about the last and previous editions click HERE On Monday March 17, St. Patrick's Day, a special ceremony took place at the Wales National Great Famine Memorial in Cardiff. REPORT Ar Ddyd Llun Mawrth 17, Dydd Gwyl Padrig Sant, cafwyd seremoni arbennig o flaen Cofeb Genedlaethol Cymru y Newyn Mawr yng Nghaerdydd. ADRODDIAD In der Hauptstadt von Wales, Cardiff, es gibt eine Gesellschaft für Leute die die deutsche Sprache hören und sprechen möchten.

13. Medieval Welsh Literature Books still in print are linked to the relevent page on the catalogue.Medieval welsh literature to c.1400. including Arthurian Studies. http://www.uwp.co.uk/book_desc/rb1.html

Contents Preface Introduction Y Cynfeirdd: Early Poets and Poetry Y Gogynfeirdd: The Poets of the Princes ... Back to Catalogue Please note that any book which is currently out of print is marked in bold Books still in print are linked to the relevent page on the catalogue Medieval Welsh Literature to c.1400 including Arthurian Studies A personal guide to University of Wales Press publications by Rachel Bromwich

14. Medieval Welsh Literature - General Literary Guides Thomas Parry, Merfyn Morgan and Gareth Watts (goln), Llyfryddiaeth LlenyddiaethGymraeg (Bibliography of welsh literature) (1976, 1993). http://www.uwp.co.uk/book_desc/rb11.html

General Literary Guides Meic Stephens (gol.), Cydymaith i Lenyddiaeth Cymru (1986, 1993); idem (ed.), A Companion to the Literature of Wales (Oxford, 1986). This is a Welsh literary encyclopedia and a useful factual guide to much else of contingent interest. The Cydymaith and the Companion Thomas Parry, Merfyn Morgan and Gareth Watts (goln), Llyfryddiaeth Llenyddiaeth Gymraeg J.E. Caerwyn Williams (gol.), Llyfryddiaeth yr Iaith Gymraeg: Llyfryddiaeth noted above by listing works which were published after 1986 relating to Welsh literature; included also are references to unpublished university theses. The sections relating to `Y Cyfnod Cynnar' (the early period) include works on the inscriptions, the early glosses and other survivals of Old Welsh, as well as on the Hengerdd (the earliest poetry); `Y Cyfnod Canol' (the middle period) details work on the Gogynfeirdd or Poets of the Princes (to 1988) as well as on the medieval tales, the Laws, and historical and religious works (there is, however, some intentional overlap here with the two previous volumes). Thomas Parry

15. Gwarnant: Y Beirdd I'r Oesoedd Canol (The Medieval Welsh Poets) A collection of three scholarly sites covering the history of Wales, the Welsh language and welsh literature, as well as providing sample texts of medieval welsh literature. http://www.webexcel.ndirect.co.uk/gwarnant/

Updated: 02/11/98 Jeff The best resource on the web for medieval Welsh poetry. Gwarnant has the texts of poems by the famous (and the obscure) from the earliest surviving works up to the fifteenth century. Mostly in the original Welsh with notes on the manuscript sources, but with many translations as well. Gwarnant has already won a Culture Choice Award at its old website and has been redesigned for its new home. Besides the poetry, there are sections on Welsh history and Arthur. The What's New page will give you details of, and shortcuts to, the latest updates. You can get update notification by e-mail (or you can simply subscribe if you use Internet Explorer 4). This site is owned by Jeff Previous 5 Previous Next ... List Sites This Celtic Culture Webring site is owned by Jeff Davies Want to join the Celtic Culture Webring Previous Next List Sites ... Categories

16. Welsh Language And Literature Welsh Language and Literature. Last updated 3/1/2003 The NationalLibrary of Medieval welsh literature. This useful topical survey http://www.digitalmedievalist.com/urls/welsh.html

Welsh Language and Literature Last updated 3/1/2003 The National Library of Wales The library offers the kinds of information visitors need, but also various indices and databases of library materials. Be sure to visit the Digital Mirror , which showcases some of the library's holdings, as well as special exhibits like this one on the Archietecture of Wales and this exhibit on the Treasures of the Library The Welsh Language Board Pay particular attention to their overview of Welsh and Welsh speakers , and the section on Welsh for adult learners Introduction to the Welsh Alphabet and Language This brief overview on the Britannia site is one of the best introductions to Welsh spelling and pronunciation I've seen. Cymdeithas Madog This site is maintained by Cymdeithas Madog, the Welsh Studies Institute of North America, Inc., a tax-exempt, non-profit organization dedicated to helping North Americans learn, use and enjoy the Welsh language. The Welsh learning material includes essays about Welsh and learning Welsh, an essay on the Welsh alphabet, a bibliography of material for learners, simple stories in Welsh, reviews of Welsh textbooks for learners, humor, and some JPEG images of Wales. There's an excellent essay by Alun Hughes on How to Use a Welsh Dictionary ; it's not as easy as you might think.

17. North Wales Index - Web Directory For North Wales to consider installing filtering software. welsh literature 6 sitesin this category Art Culture / Written / welsh literature. http://www.northwalesindex.co.uk/pages/397.html

North North Wales Index Wales Index ... Wales Index Commercial Advertising (more info) Commercial Advertising (more info) Happy Soles Reflexology. I am a qualified Reflexologist and have full liability cover. I also do Indian head massage and I am a member of the federation of holistic therapists. I deal with problems from migraine to ovulation problems. Let me help your body. The natural way to better health. Phone/Fax 01407 741 915 Mobile 07866 705 164. THAI THE KNOT INTRODUCTIONS We introduce eligible gentlemen of any age to respectable, beautiful, marriage minded Thai ladies. "We offer a complete professional service" For a "FREE" colour brochure TEL: 01352-763943. Video available. www.thai-the-knot-intro.com Please mention The North Wales Index when you contact any of the sites listed. Front Page Category Index Location Index Search ... Tourism Please Remember: A listing on this site does not constitute a recommendation of goods or services. Some sites may contain adult language. If you are a parent, you may like to consider installing filtering software. Welsh Literature 6 sites in this category Written / Welsh Literature Denbighshire Denbigh Gwynedd Harlech ... Wales (general) Case of Harlech http://www.caseofharlech.com

18. North Wales Index - Web Directory For North Wales Printers, 22. Technical Documentation, 2. welsh literature, 6. Welsh history,travel, literature, music, novels, culture, specialist subjects and much more. http://www.northwalesindex.co.uk/pages/279.html

North North Wales Index Wales Index ... Wales Index Commercial Advertising (more info) Commercial Advertising (more info) Perfect Daze Bridalwear offers a selection of wedding gowns that can't be found anywhere else in the area. Check out the unusual designs on our web page . Wedding planning, stationery, cakes, accessories, bridesmaid outfits, evening and prom wear - it's all at Perfect Daze! Domain Names from £9.99 per year from local webmaster, Geoff Allen Please mention The North Wales Index when you contact any of the sites listed. Front Page Category Index Location Index Search ... Tourism Please Remember: A listing on this site does not constitute a recommendation of goods or services. Some sites may contain adult language. If you are a parent, you may like to consider installing filtering software. Written 62 sites in this category / Written Authors Book Sellers Libraries Online Books ... Welsh Literature Sign making by Wall Signs http://www.wallsigns.co.uk A quality sign making service from Wall Signs, plus a complete range of safety signs. CATEGORIES: Engraving Printers Sign Making LOCATIONS: Flint Cyngor Llyfrau Cymru - Welsh Books Council http://www.gwales.com

19. King Arthur: Welsh Literature References The number three has a particular significance in welsh literature, as evidencedby the Triads, which contain several references to Arthur, including the Three http://www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/4186/Arthur/htmlpages/historicalliterature1

Explorations in Arthurian History A Literature Review Part 1: Tales of Wales It starts with poems. It starts with the Welsh, in the Cornish town of Carmarthen , reputed birthplace of Merlin A firmer mention of Arthur can be found in a surviving manuscript, the Black Book of Carmarthen, which gives us tantalizing possibilities but only one historical clue: the Battle of Llongborth , the location of which can no longer be pinpointed. Arthur is mentioned by name as having been there. Other mentions of a man called Arthur within the poems of the Black Book include a tale of his trying to gain entrance to the castle guarded by Glewlwyd Gafaelfawr. He is also mentioned in the "Stanzas of the Graves," another poem included in the Black Book. The poem mentions his grave but says that its location is not known. This concept would grow into the notion that Arthur wasand isthe Once and Future King, who will come again to lead his people to victory over their oppressors. A fleeting reference to Arthur's greatness is contained in Y Gododdin, a poem by Aneirin extolling the braveness of the

20. Modern Welsh Literature Harvard University, fas Fall 2000, Celtic 182. Modern welsh literature,Patrick K. Ford. Homepage . Please send comments to URL http http://icg.harvard.edu/1653

Fall 2000 Celtic 182 Modern Welsh Literature Patrick K. Ford Homepage Please send comments to URL: http://www.courses.fas.harvard.edu/~celt182/index.html last modified: 01/31/01 Instructor's Toolkit

A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U  V  W  X  Y  Z

Page 1     1-20 of 98    1  | 2  | 3  | 4  | 5  | Next 20