41. News Watch | Milestones In Journalism Diversity 1916 Gertrude Simmons Bonnin publishes The Indian'sAwakening in American Indian magazine http://newswatch.sfsu.edu/milestones/decade1910_bonnin.html

Gertrude Simmons Bonnin publishes "The Indian's Awakening" in American Indian magazine GERTRUDE BONNIN 1910s Milestones African American Asian American Hispanic American Native American ... Milestones Home G ertrude Simmons Bonnin was a writer and editor who used her literary talent as a tool for Native American activism. Bonnin was born on Feb. 22, 1876, on the Yankton Reservation in South Dakota to Ellen Tate 'I yohiwin, a full-blooded Yankton Sioux, and a white man named Felker. Felker abandoned this family and Bonnin's mother later married John Haysting Simmons, who gave his name to Bonnin. As a young woman, Bonnin attended a number of private and public schools, including the Carlisle Indian School in Pennsylvania, an experience that would forever influence her work. She began writing under the Sioux tribal name of Zitkala-Sa and her first stories were published in 1901 as Old Indian Legends, a collection of 14 stories. Bonnin wrote numerous essays and personal reflections for periodicals such as the Atlantic Monthly, Harper's Magazine, Everybody's Magazine, and Red Man.

42. News Watch | Milestones In Journalism Diversity 1924 Gertrude Simmons Bonnin publishes Oklahoma's Poor Rich Indians An Orgyof Graft, Exploitation of the Five Civilized Tribes, Legalized Robbery http://newswatch.sfsu.edu/milestones/decade1920_bonnin.html

Gertrude Simmons Bonnin publishes "Oklahoma's Poor Rich Indians: An Orgy of Graft, Exploitation of the Five Civilized Tribes, Legalized Robbery" GERTRUDE SIMMONS BONNIN 1920s Milestones African American Asian American Hispanic American Native American ... Milestones Home G ertrude Simmons Bonnin - who wrote under her adopted Sioux tribal name, Zitkala-Sa, which means Red Bird in Lakota was an accomplished writer who produced a prolific body of work. She wrote for the prestigious literary magazines Harper's and the Atlantic Monthly, and edited the American Indian Magazine. One of her most explosive pieces of work was the booklet "Oklahoma's Poor Rich Indians: An Orgy of Graft, Exploitation of the Five Civilized Tribes, Legalized Robbery," which documented the crimes committed against Native Americans once oil was discovered on their lands. The Indian Rights Association sponsored the pamphlet, which Bonnin wrote with two white co-authors, Charles H. Fabens of the American Indian Defense Association and Matthew K. Kniffen of the Indian Rights Association.

43. A Celebration Of Women Writers: FIRST NATIONS WRITERS Bobb, Columpa (fl.2000); Bonnin, Gertrude Simmons aka ZitkalaSa (1876-1938); More Information ; More Information ; More Information http://digital.library.upenn.edu/women/_generate/FIRST NATIONS.html

FIRST NATIONS WRITERS Abeita, Louise (fl.2000) Adams, Barbara Means (fl.2000) Adare, Sierra (fl.2000) Ahenakew, Alice (1912-) Ahenakew, Freda More Information More Information Aikman, Z. Susanne (fl.2000) Akiwenzie-Damm, Kateri fl.2000 More Information More Information ... Anderson, Kim (fl.2000) Anderson, Owanah Arkeketa West, Annette (fl.2000) Armstrong, Jeannette More Information More Information Ashoona, Pitseolak ... Attla, Catherine (fl.1980) Attneave, Carolyn Awiakta, Marilou Bachofner, Carol Willette [aka Carol Snow Moon] (fl.2000) Bahe, Liz Sohappy [aka Omnama Cheshuts "Stopping on a Hill and Looking Down"] (1947-) Baker, Madeline [aka Amanda Ashley] ( fl.1999 More Information Baker, Marie Annharte Bear, Glecia (fl.1991) Beaulieu, Frances (fl.2000) Bell, Betty Louise Benedict, Salli M. K. (fl.2000) Bennett, Kay Kaibah C. Benson, Diane E. Bighorse, Tiana Bird, Gloria ... Bobb, Columpa (fl.2000) Bonnin, Gertrude Simmons [aka Zitkala-Sa] ( More Information More Information More Information American Indian Stories ... (Washington: Hayworth Publishing House, 1921) (HTML at Celebration of Women Writers) Old Indian Legends (illustrated HTML at Virginia) Brant, Beth E.

44. Dennis Myron GILE / Gertrude LAVANWAY Wife Gertrude LAVANWAY. Born 10 Jun 1893, at Vern Dale,,MN. Ray Louis HENNING/ Josephine Helen Bonnin. Husband Ray Louis HENNING. Born at Married at http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~guile/guilegene/d0015/f0000061.html

Dennis Myron GILE Gertrude LAVANWAY Husband: Dennis Myron GILE Born: 9 Jan 1875 at: Stowe,Lamoille Co.,VT Married: at: Died: 2 Sep 1949 at: Graniteville,,VT Father: Liscomb GILE Mother: Emmogene JEWETT Spouses: Mira C. BROWN Jennie Clara ARMINGTON Gertrude LAVANWAY Wife: Gertrude LAVANWAY Born: 10 Jun 1893 at: Vern Dale,,MN Died: at: Corinth Corners,,VT Father: Mother: Spouses: Dennis Myron GILE CHILDREN Name: Roy Myron GILE Born: at: Married: at: Died: at: Spouses: Olive A. BAIRD Nancyann BOWLEY Name: Dennis Myron GILE Jr. Born: 10 Jul 1923 at: Moretown,,VT Married: 22 Nov 1951 at: Corinth Corners,,VT Died: 25 Sep 1980 at: Corinth Corners,,VT Spouses: Ramona Louise HAYWARD Name: James Harold GILE Born: 13 Apr 1927 at: Waterbury,,VT Married: at: Died: 19 Aug 1980 at: South Berwick,,ME Spouses: Doris Irene DEXTER INDEX HOME HTML created by GED2HTML v3.6-WIN95 (Jan 18 2000) on 08/07/2001 11:48:37 PM Pacific Standard Time William Herbert BAILEY Joyce Belinda ERDMAN Husband: William Herbert BAILEY Born: at: Married: at: Died: at: Father: Mother: Spouses: Joyce Belinda ERDMAN Wife: Joyce Belinda ERDMAN Born: at: Died: at: Father: Willie Emil ERDMAN Mother: Elva Lorraine PAPENFUSS Spouses: William Herbert BAILEY CHILDREN Name: Jason William BAILEY Born: at: Died: at: Spouses: Name: Scott Curtis BAILEY Born: at: Died: at: Spouses: Name: Robert Gerald BAILEY Born: at: Died: at: Spouses: INDEX HOME HTML created by GED2HTML v3.6-WIN95 (Jan 18 2000)

45. March 13 Earlier featured women were Mary Pyle and Gladys Pyle. The second featuredwoman is Gertrude Simmons Bonnin, an activist for American Indians. http://www.sdhistory.org/news/2002/p02Mar13b.htm

March 13, 2002 March is Women’s History Month; State Historical Society seeks information PIERRE March is Women’s History Month. In honor of the month, the South Dakota State Historical Society is seeking material on the contributions of women in South Dakota. The Society is looking for objects, documents, photographs, manuscripts and any other material or information on significant women in the state. According to State Historical Society Deputy Director Jay D. Vogt, the society is always interested in acquiring additional archival and museum materials on this history of South Dakota. "Because March is Women’s History Month, we thought it would be an appropriate time to make a concerted effort to collect resources related to the lives of important women in the state," Vogt stated. Vogt said the society is also making an effort to publicize some of the women who have significantly contributed to the history of South Dakota. This will be done each week in March, using information taken from "Dakota Images" profiles in South Dakota History , the society’s quarterly journal.

46. Zsbibliography Bonnin, Gertrude Simmons February 22, 1876January 26, 1938.” American Reformers.1985. Gertrude Bonnin (Zitkala-Sha) Yankton Nakota.” 4 July 1996. http://www.burwell.k12.ne.us/piper/zsbibliography.html

Bibliography for theTeaching Unit: “Zitkala-Sa: Keeper and Maker of Myths” “A Dakota Legend of Creation.” 2002. American Indian Culture Research Apr. 2002 http://www.bluecloud.org/32.html. Bernardin, Susan. “The Lessons of a Sentimental Education: Zitkala-Sa’s Autobiographical Narratives.” Western American Literature 32:3 (Fall 1997): “Bonnin, Gertrude Simmons: February 22, 1876-January 26, 1938.” American Reformers Wilson Web . 21 Jan. 2002 yehttp://vweb.hwwilsonweb.com “Carlisle Indian Industrial School: 1879-1918.” N. d. 24 Apr. 2002 http://home.epix.net/~landis/. Cress, Joseph. “Pratt: School’s ‘Father.’” Sentinel n.d.:n. p. Cumberlink Apr. 2002 http://www.cumberlink.com/50_in_250/pratt.html Fisher, Dexter. Foreward. American Indian Stories . By Zitkala-Sa. 1921. Lincoln: U of Nebraska Press, 1979. v-xx. Flieger, Verlyn Flieger, Ph. D. “Studies in Comparative Mythology.” 1997-2002. Mythus. 6 Apr. 2002 http://www.mythus.com/myth.html Giese, Paula. “Gertrude Bonnin (Zitkala-Sha): Yankton Nakota.” 4 July 1996. Native Authors—Gertrude Bonnin, Zitkala-Sha

47. Heartofchaos Works Cited. Giese, Paula. Gertrude Bonnin ( Zitkala Sha) Yankton Nakota.” 4July 1996. Bonnin, Gertrude Simmons.” American Reformers 1985. Wilson Web. http://www.burwell.k12.ne.us/piper/heartofchaos.htm

Zitkala-Sa—In the Heart of Chaos Even before she spent “four strange summers” of her early teenage years hanging “in the heart of chaos,” Gertrude Simmons Bonnin, or Zitkala-Sa, found her Native American world in 1884 at age eight compromised by her mother’s tears and the hard, bitter line of her lips. Zitkala-Sa’s mother’s hatred of white Americans cast dark shadows over the happy days when Zitkala-Sa was clear in her vision of herself as a young Yankton Nakota girl. The biological fact that Zitkala-Sa’s father was a white Indian agent, a man named Felker, who deserted Zitkala-Sa and her mother, and the historical turmoil of the cultural degeneration of the American Indians in the late nineteenth century combined to set the stage for chaos and problems of identity. Zitkala-Sa addresses the personal and historical impact of the transition of the American Indian into a white man’s world in her American Indian Stories (1921), a collection of essays first published in Harper’s Magazine and The Atlantic Monthly in 1900 and 1901, many of which are autobiographical. Although she wasted those “four strange summers” grieving that she “was neither a wild Indian or a tame one” (69), her book reveals that Zitkala-Sa chose not to just “hang in the heart of chaos.” Zitkala-Sa chose to stand up and take action.

48. Work Cited Bonnin, Gertrude. A Warrior's Daughter. The Singing Spirit. Ed. Bernd C. Peyer. 86.Bonnin, Gertrude. The Soft Hearted Soiux. The Singing Spirit. Ed. http://www.mehs.educ.state.ak.us/portfolios/steve_johnson/school/english/work_ci

Steve Johnson Work Cited This is an example of a perfect work sited document for our american literature unit. Bonnin, Gertrude. "A Warrior's Daughter." The Singing Spirit. Ed. Bernd C. Peyer. London: UAP, 1989. 86. Bonnin, Gertrude. "The Soft Hearted Soiux." The Singing Spirit. Ed. Bernd C. Peyer. London: UAP, 1989. 78. Clemens, Samual. "Cannibalism in the Cars." The Oxford Book of American Short Stories. Ed. Joyce Carol Oates. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1992. 110. Eastman, Charles. "The Singing Spirit" The Singing Spirit. Ed. Bernd C. Peyer. London: UAP, 1989. 107. Eastman, Charles. "The Gray Cheiftain" The Singing Spirit. Ed. Bernd C. Peyer. London: UAP, 1989. 99. Freeman, Mary E. Wilkins. "Old Woman Magoun." The Oxford Book of American Short Stories. Ed. Joyce Carol Oates. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1992. 206. Hughes, Langston. "Red Headed Baby." The Oxford Book of American Short Stories. Ed. Joyce Carol Oates. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1992. 365. Hurston, Zora Neale. "Sweat." The Oxford Book of American Short Stories. Ed. Joyce Carol Oates. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1992. 352.

49. The American Experience | America 1900 | People & Events People Events ZitkalaSa (Gertrude Simmons Bonnin) Among the contingent of Americansperforming at the Paris Exposition in 1900 was Gertrude Simmons Bonnin. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/1900/peopleevents/pande35.html

Zitkala-Sa (Gertrude Simmons Bonnin) Among the contingent of Americans performing at the Paris Exposition in 1900 was Gertrude Simmons Bonnin. Bonnin performed as a violin soloist with the Carlisle Indian Band of Carlisle, Pennsylvania. Bonnin, who would later adopt the Sioux tribal name of Zitkala-Sa, was familiar with the objectives of eastern "Indian" schools like the one in Carlisle. She herself had attended White's Indiana Manual Labor Institute in Wabash, Indiana. The daughter of a full-blooded Sioux mother and a white father she never knew, Zitkala-Sa turned what she called a "miserable state of cultural dislocation" into a prize-winning speech, "The School Days of an Indian Girl." Initially drawn to the world of literature, Zitkala-Sa decided to instead devote her life to working on behalf of and educating Native Americans. In 1916 she was elected secretary of the Society of the American Indian and went on to edit the American Indian Magazine. Laboring in defense of "Indian citizenship, employment of Indians in the Bureau of Indian Affairs, equitable settlement of tribal land claims, and stabilization of laws relating to Indians," Zitkala-Sa founded the National Council of American Indians in 1926. previous next Special Features Timeline ... Subscribe New content 1999 PBS Online WGBH

50. INDIAN AFFAIRS: LAWS AND TREATIES. Vol. 1, Laws Blue, Thomas, 861552, Bonnin, Raymond T. 608, Gasman, William, 891. Bonnin,Gertrude S., formerly Gertie E. Simmons, 594, Goulette, Charles, 796. http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol4/html_files/v4p1045.html

INDIAN AFFAIRS: LAWS AND TREATIES Vol. IV, Laws (Compiled to March 4, 1927) Compiled and edited by Charles J. Kappler. Washington : Government Printing Office, 1929. Home Table of Contents Index ARIZONA ... Page Images SOUTH DAKOTA. Page 1045 CROW CREEK. It is hereby ordered, under authority of the act approved June 21, 1906 (34Stat. L., 326), that the trust period on the allotments made to Indians of the Crow Creek Reservation, South Dakota, which trust period under existing law would expire during the calendar years 1920 and 1921, be, and the same is hereby, extended for a period of twenty-five years from date of expiration. WOODROW WILSON. THE WHITE HOUSE, 30 November, 1920. Page 1046 SISSETON AND WAHPETON. It is hereby ordered, under authority contained in section 5 of the act of February 8, 1887 (24 Stats. L., 388), and the act of June 21, 1906 (34 Stats. L., 325-326), that the twenty-five-year trust period on all allotments of the Sisseton and Wahpeton Band of Sioux Indians of the Lake Traverse Reservation, North and South Dakota, the title to which has not passed out of the United States, be, and the same is hereby, extended for a further period of ten years. WOODROW WILSON.

51. Atrium Books - Gertrude of Arabia Classic American Autobiographies Mary Rowlandson/Benjamin Franklin/FrederickDouglass/Mark Twain/ZitkalaSa (Gertrude Bonnin/5 Autobiographies In) http://www.atrium.com/names/name-Gertrude.html

Atrium Books Gertrude and Claudius Desert Queen : The Extraordinary Life of Gertrude Bell : Adventurer, Advisor to Kings, Ally of Lawrence of Arabia Classic American Autobiographies : Mary Rowlandson/Benjamin Franklin/Frederick Douglass/Mark Twain/Zitkala-Sa (Gertrude Bonnin/5 Autobiographies In) Gertrude and Claudius ... About

52. Native American Authors - Teacher Resources Biography, bibliography and online e-texts of writings by selected Native American authors. Large Category Arts Literature Cultural Native American...... ZitkalaSa (Gertrude Simmons Bonnin) 1876-1938. From Voices from The Gap GertrudeBonnin Zitkala-Sa Classroom Issues and Strategies By Kristin Herzog. http://falcon.jmu.edu/~ramseyil/natauth.htm

Native American Authors - Teacher Resources Welcome to the Internet School Library Media Center Native American Author Page. You'll find biography, bibliography, lesson plans, online etexts and critical reviews of selected authors whose works are taught in the public schools or at the university level. Literature includes both adult and juvenile. For general information, see Native Americans - Internet Resources The ISLMC is a preview site for librarians, teachers, students and parents. You can search this site, use an index or sitemap . Check your local public or school library to obtain titles. You'll find a good selection for purchase at nativeauthors.com . Page revised 1/22/00. General Sites Bibliography Unit/Lesson Plans Paula Gunn Allen ... Ray Young Bear General Sites Using Literature by American Indians and Alaska Natives in Secondary Schools. ERIC Digest ERIC document ED348201 Erasing Native American Stereotypes Criteria for evaluation of materials; from Smithsonian Institution, Anthropology Outreach Office Selective Bibliography and Guide for "I"Is Not for Indian : The Portrayal of Native Americans in Books for Young People From nativeculture.com; Discusses selection of materials

53. Links For 3e. Native American Perspectives [Beyond Books - American Literary Voi and full texts by some of the best known Native American writers, such as CharlesA. Eastman, Gertrude Bonnin, Simon Pokagon, Black Elk, and John M. Oskison. http://www.beyondbooks.com/lam12/3e_link.asp

Hello, GUEST Log in Click on pictures to visit websites. Wovoka From Old Indian Legends Simon Pokagon was a Native American chief who wrote about the problems of his race. Land of the Spotted Eagle Fellow wanderer: the coyote Search BB Program Contents Page American Literary Voices Part 2 [Introduction] 1. The New Landscape: Americans Feel the Pain 1a. Sherwood Anderson: Life in a Small Town 1b. Thornton Wilder Our Town 1c. Problems on Main Street : Sinclair Lewis 1d. William Carlos Williams: Paterson Poet 1e. Robert Frost: Feelings from New England 1f. Quick Cuts: John Dos Passos's U.S.A. 2. America Land of Opportunity? A Tree Grows in Brooklyn 2b. Anzia Yezierska and Bread Givers 2c. Theodore Dreiser and An American Tragedy Sister Carrie 2e. Preserving Tradition: Isaac Bashevis Singer 3. Truth or Dare: Taming the American West 3a. Jack London's Adventure in the Klondike 3b. Steinbeck and the Social Conscience Grapes of Wrath Of Mice and Men 3e. Native American Perspectives 3f. Mexican-American Voices 4. Poetry Beyond the Rhyme

54. Red Bird Return to American Indian Main Page. Gertrude Simmons Bonnin,. ZitkalaSha (Red Bird). Gertrude Simmons Bonnin, Zitkala Sha (Red Bird http://mountain-prairie.fws.gov/dcr/Special Emphasis/Indian/redbird_bio.htm

Region 6 (Mountain Prairie Region) Biographies of Famous Native Americans/Alaskan Natives Jeannette Armstrong Paula Gunn Allen Shonto Begay Joseph Bruchac ... Return to American Indian Main Page Gertrude Simmons Bonnin, Zitkala Sha (Red Bird) Gertrude Simmons Bonnin, Zitkala Sha (Red Bird), was an extraordinarily talented and educated Native American woman who struggled and triumphed in a time when severe prejudice prevailed toward Native American culture and women. Her talents and contributions in the worlds of literature, music, and politics challenge negative stereotypes against Native Americans. Bonnin aimed at creating understanding between the dominant culture and Native American cultures. As a woman of mixed white and Native American ancestry, she embodied the need for the two cultures to live cooperatively within the same body of land. Her works criticized dogma, and her life as a Native American woman was dedicated against oppression. Bonnin was born in 1876, on the Pine Ridge Reservation in South Dakota. Her father was a white man named Felker, about whom little is known. Her mother was Ellen Tate Iyohinwin (She Reaches for the Wind) Simmons, a full-blooded Sioux. Bonnin was Simmons' third child. At only eight years of age, Bonnin decided to leave her mother and the reservation to attend White's Manual Labor Institute in Wabash, Indiana. This was a school funded by the Quakers. After four years she returned home, but then enrolled, against her mother's wishes, at the Santee Normal Training School. She chose this school because it was close to her mother. In 1895, she decided to move on and accepted entrance and scholarships to Earlham College in Indiana.

55. Encyclopædia Britannica View Article Index Entry. Bonnin, Gertrude writer and reformer who strove toexpand opportunities for Native Americans and to safeguard their culture. http://www.britannica.com/search?query=gertrude bell&ct=eb&fuzzy=N&show=10&start

56. Encyclopædia Britannica Bonnin, Gertrude writer and reformer who strove to expand opportunities for NativeAmericans and to safeguard their culture. View Article Index Entry. http://www.britannica.com/search?query=gertrude caroline ederle&fuzzy=N&ct=eb&st

57. Possible Short Paper Bellamy, Edward. Looking Backward, from 2000 to 1887. Bonnin, Gertrude Simmons(ZitkalaSa). An Indian Teacher Among Indians; Old Indian Legends. http://www.radford.edu/~rvannoy/rvn/444/topics.htm

Critical Reviews This list should help those who want to read more widely in this period after this semester; reports on these works will also give us a more complete sense of the period and fuel ideas as we write final papers. The Web links give author biographies and capsule summaries of the books. Choose something close to your interests. Read the book carefully, take notes, do some background research on the author and the work. Then, write a 3-5 page critical review of your findings. In most cases, your reader may not know the author or title in question. Your responsibility is to become the explainer and evaluator of the text, and to make a persuasive case for your reading. A critical review may contain the following: a concise summary of contents; an evaluation of themes, narrative form, use of language and imagery; suggestion of a larger framing context, and estimate of the quality of the project. After you write your review, we will post it here so others may benefit from it. For samples, see these two reviews: Beloved The Woman Warrior Novels and Short Stories Adams, Henry.

58. Ragan Bruce Beresford. Samuel Goldwyn, 1991. Bonnin, Gertrude. “The School Days of anIndian Girl.” The Heath Anthology of American Literature. Ed. Paul Lauter. http://parallel.park.uga.edu/~tengles/10/besse.html

The Mirror of Perspective Lara Besse The film Black Robe , directed by Bruce Beresford, opens with a scene of a young colony in the wilderness. As the camera pans slowly over new construction, subtitles reveal the setting, transporting viewers to the New France of 1634. With the choice of location name, the filmmakers immediately introduce the film’s first display of differing perspectives, before a character utters a word of dialogue. Perspective repeatedly shifts throughout the course of Black Robe , providing the audience with multiple viewpoints on the film’s action. Viewers watch the same events from the different perspectives of a group of French colonists and the native people whom they encounter, including Algonquin, Iroquois, and Huron. As the film indicates, surroundings and experiences forge perspectives. The characters who cling blindly to their preconceived perspectives prove that a lack of ability to understand others destroys the possibility of coexistence in harmony. The characters in Black Rob Black Robe refuse to see the natives for their own merits.

59. Encyclopædia Britannica Bonnin, Gertrude writer and reformer who strove to expand opportunities forNative Americans and to safeguard their culture. Walking Purchase (Aug. http://search.britannica.com/search?ref=B04319&query=swindle

60. Encyclopædia Britannica seeming Bonnin, Gertrude writer and reformer who strove to expandopportunities for Native Americans and to safeguard their culture. http://search.britannica.com/search?query=Jaason Simmons

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