41. The History Of The Airplane - Orville And Wilbur Wright. Earlier in 1900, Wilbur Wright wrote to French aviation pioneer Octave Chanute (18321910)and expressed the belief that flight is possible to man and I http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blairplane.htm

zfp=-1 About Homework Help Inventors Search in this topic on About on the Web in Products Web Hosting Inventors with Mary Bellis Your Guide to one of hundreds of sites Home Articles Forums ... Help zmhp('style="color:#fff"') Subjects ESSENTIALS 20th Century Inventions History of Computers/Internet A to Z Inventions ... All articles on this topic Stay up-to-date! Subscribe to our newsletter. Advertising Free Credit Report Free Psychics Advertisement The History of Flight The History of the Airplane Photo: Orville and Wilbur Wright in the Wright Brothers' Plane Photo The Wright Brothers testing the first military aircraft History of the Airplane Contents Early History of Flight Orville and Wilbur Wright Airplane Technology How Does an Airplane Fly The Part of an Airplane More Airplane and Flight Innovations Jet Engines Seaplanes Flight Suits - Anti-Gravity Suits Airports/Airlines - Luggage ... Understanding Engines Orville Wright and Wilbur Wright - Inventors of the First Engined Airplane Orville Wright (1871-1948) and Wilbur Wright (1867-1912) requested a patent application for a "flying machine" nine months before their successful flight in December 1903, which Orville Wright recorded in his diary. As part of the Wright Brothers' systematic practice of photographing every prototype and test of their various flying machines, they had persuaded an attendant from a nearby lifesaving station to snap Orville Wright in full flight. The craft soared to an altitude of 10 feet, traveled 120 feet, and landed 12 seconds after takeoff. After making two longer flights that day, Orville and Wilbur Wright sent this telegram to their father, instructing him to "inform press."

42. Taylor Studios: Traveling Exhibits flight. Octave Chanute (18321910) collected every item of informationon flight and published a series of articles. These articles http://www.taylorstudios.com/portfolio/flight_narrative.htm

Portion of graphic panel. Narrative Walkthrough Introduction Panel Upon entering the exhibit space, visitors are pulled towards the introductory panel by virtue of its wonderfully rendered image of a "winged" man falling from the skies. This winged man is based upon the legend of Icarus, who, flying too close to the sun, plunged to the ocean when the wax of his wings melted. The intro panel and the legend of Icarus symbolize the origin of mankind's desire to take to the skies. The dream-like colors and images composing the introduction also symbolize a dream in its infancy stage-a time in history when flight was merely fancy. Graphic Panel A: Copying Birds The 3-D Da Vinci ornithopter beckons the visitors forward. They decide to show a bit of discipline-and rather than run to the ornithopter-they continue the exhibit at the "Copying Birds Panel." Visitors learn that Leonardo Da Vinci, in the 15th century, was the first person to give human flight serious consideration. This panel explores the insatiable curiosity of this genius, as well as others. Numerous graphics of Da Vinci's codex: On the Flight of Birds is explored, as well as how his study lead him to believe that the answer to flight lie in the

43. Paramoteur Et Photographie - Histoire - le Vol sans battement, qu'il soumet à Octave Chanute (1832-1910) ; celui-ci http://perso.wanadoo.fr/paramoteur-ulm/histoire.htm

Accueil Le brevet Paramoteur Global Positionning System Citations ... Liens De clément Ader au concorde Vous trouverez dans les pages qui suivent quelques informations sur l'histoire de l'aviation. Ces pages n'ont pas la prétention d'être complêtes. Un modèle réduit motorisé construit par Félix du Temple (Fr., 1823-90), propulsé par un mouvement d'horlogerie et par la vapeur, quitte le sol par ses propres moyens. Gabriel de La Landelle (1812-86) invente le mot aviation, du latin avis (" oiseau "), et actio (" action "). 1re exposition aéronautique, au Crystal Palace de Londres. Louis Mouillard (Fr., 1834-97) parle dans l'Empire de l'air du gauchissement des ailes ; il prépare un nouveau livre, le Vol sans battement, qu'il soumet à Octave Chanute (1832-1910) ; celui-ci le soumit à Wright qui s'en serait inspiré. Dans le parc du château d'Armainvilliers du banquier Pereire à Gretz (Seine et Marne.), sur une piste (largeur 40 m, longueur 200 m), 1er soulèvement au monde d'un avion plus lourd que l'air, à moteur, emmenant son pilote : Clément Ader (Muret, Hte-Garonne 2-4-1841/Toulouse 3-5-1925), sur l'Éole I , fait un bond de 50 m (à quelques cm de hauteur). Ader prépare un procès-verbal calligraphié du décollage puis y renonce.

44. Biographies - Ceannt To Clymer He died July 12, 1973 in San Clemente, California United States USA1997I30.5.Chanute, Octave (1832-1910) American engineer and aviator. http://www.philately.com/philately/biocecl.htm

CEANNT, Eamon (1881-1916) Irish patriot - Ireland 210 CEAUSESCU, Nicolae (1918- ) Romanian president - Romania 3379; 3503 CEBAN, Tamara (1914-90) Musician - Moldova MOL1995F17.2 CEBRERO SANCHEZ, Juan Pablo ( - ) Cuban general - Cuba 577-81 CECH, Svatopluk (1846-1908) Czech poet, journalist, lawyer, playwright - Czechoslovakia 876 CECILIA Saint ( - ) Martyr - Chad (M)699 Luxembourg 534 CEDERSTROM, Karl Gustaf ( - ) Swedish aviation pioneer - Sweden 1513; 1513c CELA, Fuat ( - ) Albanian blind revolutionist - Albania 1207 CELAKOVSKY, Frantisek Ladislav (1799-1852) Czech poet, philologist, journalist, playwright, educator - Czechoslovakia 544-5 CELAKOVSKY, Ladislav (1834-1902) Czech engineer, botanist, author, educator - Czechoslovakia 1102 CELALEDDIN Rumi Mevlana see MEVLANA - CELEBI, Hazarfen Ahmed (c. 1500) Turkish "astronaut" - Turkey 1034; C54 CELEBI, Katib (1608-1657) Turkish author, bibliographer, geographer, historian - Turkey B69 CELESTINE V CELESTINO, Vincente (1894-1968) Brazilian singer - Brazil 2514 CELIS, Santiago Jose (1782-1814) Salvadorian physician, patriot - Salvador 723-4

45. CaliforniaStory creative genius of such visionary men as Otto Lilienthal (18481896), whose workwith hang gliders in Germany attracted Octave Chanute (1832-1910), a Frenchman http://www.navalaviationhistory.com/CaliforniaStory.html

A California Story . . . A Historical Perspective Powered flight was achieved on December 17, 1903, when Wilbur and Orville Wright became the first men in aviation history to be able to achieve powered flight. Since the earliest of time man has dreamt of flight. One of the World's greatest artist, architect, inventor and philosopher, Leonardo Da Vinci (1452-1519), spent nearly twenty years of his life inventing various contraptions for use by man in the area of flight. His sketch books are filled with ideas that even include the earliest design for a parachute and even the helicopter (Helix). Yet, before man could successfully take to the air, he had to learn the critical lessons of basic aerodynamics. For centuries man admired the birds of the air. Yet, man was not able to achieve his dream until the early twentieth century. The Wright brothers' success was based on the creative genius of such visionary men as Otto Lilienthal (1848-1896), whose work with hang gliders in Germany attracted Octave Chanute (1832-1910), a Frenchman, to experiment with hang gliders in the United States. However, their experiments were largely based on the work of Lawrence Hargrave (1850-1915), an Australian, who invented the box kite. Orville and Wilbur Wright had been interested in aviation ever since childhood. They studied the mechanics of bird flight and the hang-glider experiments of Lilienthal and in 1899, they built a kite to experiment with actual flight. They were on the right path, and in 1900 built a glider themselves. Modern aviation was finally born on a windy Thursday morning, on December 17, 1903, at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, when Oriville Wright took off, at 10:35 a.m., and flew the Wright Flyer I for 12 seconds.

46. TecPilot FS News -  Issue (84) Game Dealer. Octave Chanute (18321910 ) An American railway engineerwho began to build hang gliders in 1896. ORVILLE WRIGHT (1871 http://www.tecpilot.com/fsn/issues/themag084.shtml

ISSUE 84 T-H-I-S (Part 2) Web Site Competition Coming Soon Mike Clark 2000 Hi Guys, Gosh, I'm so excited about this weeks issue. Finally, after months of work we have nearly completed TheMag's web site. Hundreds of great web sites are now available to view on our Links page. We have some great files available at our downloads section and even better, you can search through our catalogue of back issues and pages at our Search page. When you have read our entire collection <g> you can even find what you are after with our legendary " Global Internet Search Engine " This is a humungous piece of kit that will look up 4 sites at once in a single window!! Also in this weeks issue we feature a special article on the Airbus A3XX-200. Many people have written to ask about this new aircraft that would appear to have turned into TheMag's new project. Therefore, I have a challenge to ALL aircraft designers that will be officially announced next week but for you TheMag reader right now - so you have a head start. CHALLENGE - Are you man / woman enough?

47. Wright Brothers National Memorial, National Park Service Inspired, the Wrights took up his quest to get on intimate terms with the wind. Octave Chanute (18321910) gathered and disseminated aeronautical knowledge. http://www.nps.gov/wrbr/indepth/brochure.htm

Wright Brothers Wright Brothers National Memorial North Carolina U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service What they achieved changed the world forever. Wind, sand, and the dream of flight brought Wilbur and Orville Wright to Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, where they achieved the first successful airplane flights on December 17, 1903. With courage and perseverance these self taught engineers relied on teamwork and the application of scientific process. Wright Brothers of Dayton They had seemingly settled into respectability as proprietors of a small business. But the Wright brothers of Dayton, Ohio nurtured a barely respectable dream; the possibility of flight. Wilbur, four years older, quiet and intense, a dreamer who could lose himself in books. Orville was outgoing, talkative, and an immaculate dresser. Both combined intuitive mechanical ability with analytical intelligence. In 1892 they opened a bicycle shop and prospered, but they were restless, especially Wilbur. Their energies were focused by two events of 1896; the death in a flying accident of Otto Lilienthal, the celebrated experimenter with gliders, and the successful launching of powered models by Samuel Langley. The Wright's serious work in aeronautics began in 1899 when Wilbur wrote the Smithsonian for literature. Dismayed that so many great minds had made so little progress, the brothers were also exhilarated by the realization that they had as much chance as anyone of succeeding. Wilbur took the lead in the early stages of their work, but Orville was soon drawn in as an equal collaborator. They quickly developed their own theories, and for the next four years devoted themselves to the goal of human flight.

48. Lawrence Hargrave: Australian Aviation Pioneer Octave Chanute (18321910) in Illinois, USA, presents two papers onthe progress of aeronautical experiments to date. 1890. February http://www.ctie.monash.edu.au/hargrave/timeline3.html

Early - 1782 Hargrave, on returning from his explorations, is elected Member of the Royal Society of New South Wales [from here...RS] Otto Lilienthal (1849 - 1896) develops first glider to use bird-like arched wings [Hellemans and Bunch, p.351] Hargrave receives 200 acres of land at Coalcliff from his father Giffard flies his hydrogen gas balloon La Captif at the Universal Exposition in Paris September 7 - Hargrave marries Margaret Johnston (Preston) and they settle in Fort Street, Sydney September 26 - Hargrave appointed Extra Observer (Astronomical) at the Sydney Observatory [WBE says 1879] Bishop Milton Wright , then living in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, brings home a rubber-band powered Penaud-type helicopter for his sons. They build several successful copies. Orville tells his schoolteacher that he and his brother Wilbur plan to build a large enough machine to carry the both of them. But when the try to build a larger model, it doesn't fly. January 1 - Hargrave takes up appointment at Sydney Observatory [ADoB] April 14 Harry L'Estrange , following failure in Sydney, he blames the poor quality of gas, flies his balloon 'Aurora' from the Agricultural Society's ground (showgrounds?) in Melbourne. At 9000 feet there is a tear in the fabric and the balloon falls

49. Aerotecnica Translate this page Octave Chanute (1832-1910). Ingegnere statunitense di origine francese.Tecnico ferroviario, alla fine della carriera si interessò http://digilander.libero.it/aerotecnica/biografie.htm

aerotecnica - biografie Molti sono i personaggi della storia che hanno contribuito fattivamente allo sviluppo dell'aeronautica, con particolare riguardo all'aerotecnica, ed alla diffusione dell'aeroplano e delle attività connesse; si riporta di seguito un elenco dei nomi dei principali di questi, per ciascuno dei quali è stata scritta una breve biografia. Senza dubbio si tratta di una lista incompleta: saranno gradite pertanto delle segnalazioni via e-mail relative a personaggi da inserire e, se possibile, alle fonti bibliografiche dalle quali documentarsi. Clement Ader (1841-1925). Ingegnere e pioniere del volo francese, fu il primo a staccarsi da terra con un apparecchio a motore, cui diede il nome Éole, costruito da lui stesso. Oleg Antonov (1906-1984). Ingegnere aeronautico russo, è stato uno dei più apprezzati progettisti aeronautici russi, soprattutto nel campo degli aeromobili civili. George Keith Batchelor (1920-). Studioso di fluidodinamica australiano, approfondì lo studio dei moti turbolenti nei fluidi. Louis Bleriot (1872-1936). Ingegnere, industriale e aviatore francese, compì la prima traversata della Manica in aeroplano, da Calais a Dover; costruì il celebre aeroplano "Spad".

50. HL Butler, Samuel, 18351902, Translator Callaway, Morgan, Jr., 1962-, Editor Cary,Henry Francis, 1772-1844, Translator Chanute, Octave, 1832-1910 Clough, Arthur http://digilander.libero.it/lazzi/cur.html

CENTRO CULTURA LUDICA HOMO LUDENS

51. Octave CHANUTE Translate this page Octave Chanute (1832-1910) Musée de l'Air Nouvelle Histoire Mondialede l'Aviation, Edmond Petit. Après avoir passé de nombreuses http://perso.club-internet.fr/moinier/histoire/hommes/chanute.html

OCTAVE CHANUTE Nouvelle Histoire Mondiale de l'Aviation, Edmond Petit En 1894, il publia son livre, Progress in flying machines, qui constitua, avec l'oeuvre de LILIENTHAL WRIGHT

52. Gopher.quux.org70/Archives/gutenberg/authors.txt Morgan, Jr., 1962, Editor Carlyle, Thomas, 1795-1881, Translator Cary, HenryFrancis, 1772-1844, Translator Chanute, Octave, 1832-1910 Christophe, Jules http://gopher.quux.org:70/Archives/gutenberg/authors.txt

53. DIGITAL BOOK INDEX: Indexed EBook Authors (e-Book, E-Books, EBooks) Channing, William Ellery, (Rev) 17801842 b. RI- Congregationalist, Unitarian) Channing,William Ellery, 1818-1901 Chanute, Octave, 1832-1910 b. Paris Chapin http://www.digitalbookindex.com/_help/helpauthorsa.htm

Partial List of Classic Authors at www.DigitalBookIndex.com Access to 65,000+ English-Language Title Records (eBooks) This list indexes Primary Sources. For Secondary sources, search by Keyword List of Authors (Partial): American Authors Canadian Authors Irish Authors Australian Authors ... Asian Authors American Authors [RETURN TO TOP] Abbot, Jacob, 1803-1879 Abbott, John Stevens Cabot, 1805-1877 Adams, Andy, 1859-1935 ... Burk, Martha Cannary, 1852-1903 see also: Calamity Jane Burnett, Frances Hodgson, 1849-1924 Burr, Aaron, 1756-1836 Burroughs, Edgar Rice, 1875-1950 (i.e., Tarzan) ... Calamity Jane, 1852-1903 see also (Burk, Martha Cannary) Calef, Robert, 1648-1719 Calhoun, John C. (John Caldwell), 1782-1850 Calkins, Mary Whiton, 1903-1992 (psychologist) ... Dunbar-Nelson, Alice; (also, Alice Dunbar Duncan, Sara Jeannette, 1861-1922 [Mrs. Everard Cotes] Durham, Andrew E. Dwight, Timothy, 1828-1916 ... Nelson, Alice Ruth Moore Dunbar, 1875-1935 (i.e., Alice Dunbar;

54. AIN Online: A Century In Review Other names preceded the Wrights, among them Octave Chanute (18321910), a French-borncivil engineer who headed the 1893 International Conference on Aerial http://www.ainonline.com/Departments/century.html

Publications Aviation International News NBAA Convention News EBACE Convention News HAI Convention News ... AIN Alerts Editorial Contact Us Subscribe Advertising Contact Us General Info Monthly Issues Convention Issues ... Site map April 2003 A Century in Review by Nigel Moll The 1900s: Where it all began The 1910s: War Forces Growth The 1920s: A shrinking world The 1930s: free flight in Montgolfier balloon, Paris. 10-year-old boy is first human to fly in heavier-than-air craft (Cayley glider), Scarborough, England. July 4, Glenn Curtiss makes first public flight in U.S. by flying June Bug before crowd of thousands in New York.

55. The History Of Flight And Some Mathematical Application This interest in flying was taken by Octave Chanute (18321910). Hecollected and studied all the aeronautical information available. http://www.yale.edu/ynhti/pubs/A5/smikle.html

The History of Flight and Some Mathematical Application by Hermine Smikle Contents: I. Introduction II. Rationale and General Objectives of the Unit III. Historical Overview of the Development of Aircraft4 IV. The Mathematical Application ... Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute I. Introduction Today’s mathematics curricula and education goals should reflect the importance of mathematical literacy. Therefore this unit will attempt to reflect some of these new directions both in the content and the method of teaching. The new direction can be summarized in the following statements:1 Students should learn the value of mathematics. To reduce math anxiety, students should become more confident in their abilities to do the subject. Students should become more confident and develop skills as mathematic problem solvers. Students learn to communicate and reason mathematically. Students should be able to think of diverse ways to solve a problem. The mathematics curriculum should also reflect the mathematical needs of the next decade. Today’s students will be working with tools and in an environment that will need an understanding of more complex thinking skills. Teachers and curriculum planners must understand and anticipate the changing needs of industries and the society. Henry Pollak2 (1987) summarized the mathematical needs and expectations for employers in the industrial sector of the future.

56. 90.07.05: Flight Their name was Wright. Lilienthal’s Biplane Glider (1895). (figure available inprint form) Octave Chanute (18321910) an engineer from France who spent most http://www.yale.edu/ynhti/curriculum/units/1990/7/90.07.05.x.html

Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute Home Flight by Paul V. Cochrane Contents of Curriculum Unit 90.07.05: Narrative I. Introduction II. A General History of The Events Which Led To Kitty Hawk III. The Great International Paper Airplane Book ... To Guide Entry I. Introduction II. A General History of Events Which Led to Kitty Hawk III. A Discussion of Current Paper Airplane Books. a. The Great International Paper Airplane Book. b. The Paper Airforce. c. The Ultimate Paper Airplane. d. Whitewings. IV. Flight. What Causes It? V. Four Quick Demonstrations For Use In The Classroom. VI. Some Sample Lesson Plans. VII. Paper Airplane Designs. VIII. Student Bibliography. IX. Teacher’s Bibliography I. Introduction A long time ago I had become interested in a TV series called Connections, hosted and written by James Burke. The premise of the show was that the events which have shaped and continue to shape our world are often the product of seemingly unrelated events, which eventually fall into place and lead to a great global change. Flight was one of these global changes. How would Burke have handled this topic? It’s my guess that it all started in the universal wishes of man to free himself from the chains of gravity, as evidenced in the myths of many cultures. From this starting point we would look at kites, the lateen sail, flight toys (old and new), hot air balloons, propulsion units, hang gliders, and the men who made them. Eventually we would end with the Kitty Hawk experience, the controlled flight of man in an aeroplane.

57. Aviation Hall Of Fame - January 1997 Air Force Magazine - Vol. 80 No. 1 Promoted public flying. 1976. Chanute, Octave (18321910). Wrote Progressin Flying Machines. Demonstrated successful man-carrying gliders. http://www.afa.org/magazine/hall_of_fame/

print-friendly More than 150 aviation greats have been enshrined in Dayton. The National Hall of Fame, in Dayton, Ohio, began inducting aviation pioneers in 1962. The first were, naturally enough, Wilbur and Orville Wright, followed by 153 other aviation notables. The hall of Famers (with their year of induction ) are as follows: Allen, William McP. (1900-1985). Led development of commercial and military jet travel. Helped to advance supersonic flight and space travel in various roles at Boeing Airplane Co. Andrews, Frank M. (1884-1943). Reorganized Army Air Corps. Helped establish independent General Headquarters Air Force. Armstrong, Neil A. (born 1930). Served as a military pilot and test pilot of X-15 and other supersonic aircraft. Astronaut on the Gemini 8 and Apollo 11 space missions. First man to walk on the moon. Arnold

58. The Lost Continent Of Morgan, Jr., 1962, Editor Carlyle, Thomas, 1795-1881, Translator Cary, Henry Francis,1772-1844, Translator Chanute, Octave, 1832-1910 Christophe, Jules Fran http://www.lost.co.nz/main/library/gutenauth.html

Home Search PERSONAL About Me Contact Photos Links ... PGP Key COMPUTING C++ Free Programs GNU/Linux Tutorials ... Web/PHP OTHER STUFF Library Authors Titles Oddments... ... Music/mp3s Availible Authors The Complete list of Authers in the Project Gutenberg This is a list of the Authors whose works are currently downloadable from the Gutenberg Project . A list of Titles is also availible. Abbott, David Phelps, 1863-1934 Abbott, Edwin Abbott, 1838-1926 AKA: Square, A Adams, Andy, 1859-1935 Adams, Henry, 1838-1918 Adams, John Quincy, 1767-1848 Adams, Samuel, 1722-1803 Adams, William Taylor, 1822-1897 AKA: Optic, Oliver, 1822-1897 Addams, Jane, 1860-1935 Addison, Joseph, 1672-1719 Aesop, 620(?)B.C.-563(?)B.C. Aiken, Conrad Potter, 1889-1966 Ainsworth, William Harrison, 1805-1882 Akutagawa, Ryunosuke, 1892-1927 Alcott, Louisa May, 1832-1888 Aldrich, Thomas Bailey, 1836-1907 Alger, Horatio, 1832-1899 Allen, Emory Adams, 1853- Allen, James Lane, 1849-1925 Altemus, Henry Altsheler, Joseph A. (Joseph Alexander), 1862-1919 American Tract Society, The

59. Autodidactic Profiles - AUTODIDACTIC PRESS - Lifelong Learning Advocate Remember Philip Marlow? Octave Chanute (18321910). Self-taught engineer,remembered as the first aero historian. John Cheever (1912-1982). http://www.autodidactic.com/profiles.htm

Subscribe to Self-University Newsletter by Autodidactic Press. Subscribe to Self-University Newsletter by Autodidactic Press. Subscribe to Self-University Newsletter by Autodidactic Press. Subscribe to Self-University Newsletter by Autodidactic Press. Subscribe to Self-University Newsletter by Autodidactic Press. Autodidactic Profiles Self-educated People Who've Made a Difference Millions of people pay a king’s ransom for college tuition to learn what is free for the taking when motivated by a compelling desire to learn. In the movie Good Will Hunting , Will (played by Matt Damon) chides an arrogant Ivy League student for paying a fortune for an education that would be free but for the price of a library card. Although this is absolutely valid, very few people believe it. Instead they are convinced the knowledge they could acquire on their own is secondary to paying a lot of money to an institution which will attest that they have, even if they cheated their way through the process. Specialness and eliteness can be purchased, but real knowledge has to be acquired through genuine effort. Practicality aside, the psychology of Internet II is yet another attempt to fashion walls around information, which loses its value if it can’t be parceled out. We need colleges and universities just as we need teachers and people who are enthusiastic about sharing their knowledge with others. But the idea that the only learning respectable enough for economic compensation comes from institutions, which treat it as a scarce resource, is patently absurd. The people named in the following list demonstrate this beyond doubt.

60. Plane Facts Octave Chanute, 18321910, of France contributed to flight science in the areas ofcontrol systems and stability, efficiency of materials, aircraft structural http://webpages.uah.edu/~owenja/new_page_2.htm

PLANE FACTS Early flight was very primitive and it is a wonder that the planes flew but most did even if for a short while. There were many interested in flight even in the first decade of the 1900s. Lawrence Hargrave's design on the box kite enabled early aeronauts to go aloft long enough to gain practical experience of the effects of wind and gusts on their machine. On July 2, 1900, the first flight of the Zeppelin, a "rigid" airship was the first aircraft to use large metal structures. On November 13, 1907, the first helicopter was flown by Paul Cornu, a French inventor. Igor Sikorshy of Russian gave the world its first multi-engine airplane, the four-engine "Grand". Can you imagine that shortly after 1912 this revolutionary aircraft offered an enclosed cabin, upholstered chairs, lavatory, even an exterior catwalk on the fuselages where passengers could walk while in flight. In addition on September 14, 1939, Igor took his VS 300 , another plane that he had built, a few feet off the ground to give the western hemisphere its first practical helicopter, the child from which today's helicopter industry grew. Igor's fifth airplane, the S-5, brought him national recognition as well as FA1 pilot license N0 64. That may have been the first pilot's license. Octave Chanute, 1832-1910, of France contributed to flight science in the areas of control systems and stability, efficiency of materials, aircraft structural integrity and strength.

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