61. Consortium Publishes Sequence And Analysis Of Human Genome The Human Genome Project Contacts Seema Kumar Email Newsroom@wi.mit.edu Phone(617) 2586153 Geoff Spencer Email spencerg@mail.nih.gov Phone (301) 402 http://www.wi.mit.edu/Genome/natureg.html

The Human Genome Project Newsroom@wi.mit.edu spencerg@mail.nih.gov International Human Genome Mapping Consortium Publishes Physical Map of the Human Genome Nature. Nature represent major progress for the human genome consortium. On June 26, the consortium announced that it had collected roughly 90 percent of the letters of the text for the "Book of Life." The consortium’s new achievement represents a further compilation of these letters into the first draft of a readable text. • The distribution of genes on mammalian chromosomes is striking. It turns out that our chromosomes have crowded urban centers with many genes in close proximity to one another and also vast expanses of unpopulated desert where only non-coding "junk" DNA can be found. This distribution of genes is in marked contrast to the genomes of many other organisms, such as the mustard weed, the worm, and the fly. Their genomes, more closely resemble uniform, sprawling suburbs, with genes relatively evenly spaced throughout. (See Vignette1) (See Vignette 2) (See Vignette 3) (See Vignette 9) • Our junk DNA, characterized by long stretches of repeating sequences, represents a rich fossil record of clues to our evolutionary past. It is possible to date groups of so-called "repeats" to when in the evolutionary process they were "born" and to follow their fates in different regions of the genome and in different species. The HGP scientists used 3 million such repeating elements as dating tools. Based on such "DNA dating," scientists can build family trees of the repeats, showing exactly where they came from and when. These repeats have reshaped the genome by rearranging it, creating entirely new genes, and modifying and reshuffling existing genes.

62. HUGO-The Human Genome Organisation An international organization of scientists promoting international collaboration within the Human Genome Project. Includes membership details, publications and reports, and meetings. http://ash.gene.ucl.ac.uk/hugo/

The Human Genome Organisation HUGO's mission Contacts and General Information ... HUGO Mutation database Initiative , including meeting information. HUGO wishes to thank the following for their support: Amersham Biosciences Aventis Pharma F.Hoffmann-La Roche Novartis Pharma ... Irish Health Research Board Novo Nordisk Gene Codes Australian Government Netherlands NWO Last updated: 26th November 2002 Email the editor with any comments.

63. PROJECT GUTENBERG OFFICIAL HOME SITE -- Listing By AUTHOR Human Genome Project. http://promo.net/cgi-promo/pg/cat.cgi?&label=ID&ftpsite=ftp://ibiblio.or

64. A Brief History Of The Human Genome Project A Brief History of the Human Genome Project. Collins F, Galas, D. A New FiveYearPlan for the US Human Genome Project. Science 262 43-49, 1993. http://www.dartmouth.edu/~cbbc/courses/bio4/bio4-1997/16-HumanGenome.html

A Brief History of the Human Genome Project by George Cahill This is chapter 1 from: Gert, Bernard et al. 1996. "Morality and the New Genetics: A Guide for Students and Health Care Providers.". Boston, MA: Jones and Bartlett, Publishers . Used with permission of the author. topics in these notes Summary Let's Even Consider Sequencing! Antiquity Enter the Department of Energy ... DNA and Genetics Unite Summary This chapter summarizes human genetics and its history with simple descriptions of modes of inheritance using the commonly-used terms from the genetic literature. It also describes current efforts to create genetic maps and to sequence the 3 billion bases in the human genome. An Appendix in the back of this volume summarizes the genetic principles of inheritance in humans. Antiquity Awareness of the inheritance of both human appearance and behavioral characteristics dates from ancient times. In a similar vein, selective breeding of domestic animals and plants, both for greater yields and for ease of management, produced strains which maintained these better characteristics in subsequent generations. The evolution of today's corn from the minuscule wild maize of pre-Colombian America is one excellent example. Others include the draft horse, both beef and dairy cattle, and especially the various breeds of dogs for different uses such as herding, retrieving, pointing or simply companionship. These represent what can be done with intentional genetic manipulation employing appropriate selection for physical and behavioral traits.

65. PROJECT GUTENBERG OFFICIAL HOME SITE -- Listing By AUTHOR Human Genome Project. http://promo.net/cgi-promo/pg/cat.cgi?&label=ID&ftpsite=ftp://ibiblio.or

66. Bio Dot Perl Dot Org How Perl Saved the Human Genome Project by Lincoln Stein. Reprintedcourtesy of the Perl Journal, http//www.tpj.com Lincoln Stein's http://bioperl.org/GetStarted/tpj_ls_bio.html

bio.perl.org Home FTP Site News Mail Lists ... Sponsors How Perl Saved the Human Genome Project by Lincoln Stein Reprinted courtesy of the Perl Journal, http://www.tpj.com Lincoln Stein's website is http://stein.cshl.org DATE: Early February, 1996 LOCATION: Cambridge, England, in the conference room of the largest DNA sequencing center in Europe. OCCASION: A high level meeting between the computer scientists of this center and the largest DNA sequencing center in the United States. THE PROBLEM: Although the two centers use almost identical laboratory techniques, almost identical databases, and almost identical data analysis tools, they still can't interchange data or meaningfully compare results. THE SOLUTION: Perl. The human genome project was inaugurated at the beginning of the decade as an ambitious international effort to determine the complete DNA sequence of human beings and several experimental animals. The justification for this undertaking is both scientific and medical. By understanding the genetic makeup of an organism in excruciating detail, it is hoped that we will be better able to understand how organisms develop from single eggs into complex multicellular beings, how food is metabolized and transformed into the constituents of the body, how the nervous system assembles itself into a smoothly functioning ensemble. From the medical point of view, the wealth of knowledge that will come from knowing the complete DNA sequence will greatly accelerate the process of finding the causes of (and potential cures for) human diseases.

67. CellNEWS Features fee based documents on the Human Genome Project, ethics debate, molecular biology, and stem cells. Includes photos of cellular structures. http://communities.msn.se/CellNEWS

Förstasidan Hotmail Sök Shopping Grupper CellNEWS CellNEWS@groups.msn.com Grupper Mina grupper Språk Hjälp ... Verktyg Welcome to CellNEWS Follow the latest news and participate in discussion about Stem cells and Cloning, the Human Genome Projec t and the Ethics debate that currently takes place. Please enjoy your visit and come back later! Write something here! Post your opinion about the human genome project, bioethics or the threat from bioterror. You can also ask general questions about cell biology! Read the latest CellNEWS EDITORIAL: Article: Clonaid claim their own DNA test’s on babies Article: Antinori’s Cloning Consortium: I. The Scientific connections Article: Dr. Panos Zavos question clone claim Article: ... The Race Is On: First Cloned 'Baby EVE' Is Born See also some VideoClip from: Clonaid’s cloning claim – CBC 20News Claims Of First Human Clone – Reuters News Video Dr Patrick Dixon, anti-cloning campaigner – BBC New Danish Stem Cell School On The Way Finnish and Swedish Cooperation on Human Stem Cell Research Venter Attempt a Minimalistic Approach of Creating ‘Artificial’ Life HERE YOU FIND SELECTED READINGS AND LINKS TO DISCUSSIONS FROM CellNEWS ARCIVE READ THE LATEST HEALTH AND SCIENCE NEWS HERE FROM AP AND REUTERS More NEWS LINK S on STEM CELLS and CLONING Todays Picture 1: Latest Images From Hubble’s New Camera Todays Picture 2: Amorphophallus Titanum A bloom that causes a stink Todays Picture 3: The Cassiopeia A Supernova: Colourful Fireworks Finale éMail to: Last updated: Since 2001-06-28.

68. Folderol - Bringing The Human Genome Project To Your Desktop Now you can do all of those things by joining Folderol! Folderol is an opensource investigation of data gathered in the Human Genome Project. http://www.folderol.org/oldbrowser/index.shtml

Quick Jumps download donate Does the prospect of participating in vital scientific exploration intrigue you? Are you a fan of the simplicity and integrity of the open source movement? Could you spend hours at a time just staring at compelling, hypnotic screensaver images? Now you can do all of those things by joining Folderol! Folderol is an open source investigation of data gathered in the Human Genome Project. You can participate via the Internet by downloading a free screensaver program which analyzes this data, folding proteins in your computer’s spare time! Latest News Version is now available. This version works as a console client, a windows client, or as a screensaver. Over 36 years of simulations completed! discover admire compute advocate belong mission news downloads link forum basic science milestones troubleshooting donate ranking ladder reference papers press cybergestalt sponsor founders You have been redirected to a limited-display version of this web site created for older browsers. In order to access the most user-friendly version of this site, please upgrade to a more standards-compliant browser such as

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70. Blazing A Genetic Trail Research on mutant genes and hereditary diseases. Includes family studies, the Human Genome Project, how to conquer hereditary diseases like cystic fibrosis, key to basic genetics and a glossary. http://www.hhmi.org/genetictrail/

The full text and illustrations of the original print version of Blazing a Genetic Trail are available for download as an Adobe Acrobat PDF file (8MB). Download Adobe Acrobat Reader. Updated Spring 2002

71. Human Genome Project Human Genome Project up. Human Genome Project / economics HumanGenome Project / economics. Human Genome Project fact sheet, The http://bioresearch.ac.uk/browse/mesh/detail/C0020125L0020125.html

Human Genome Project [up] Human Genome Project / economics Related topics: broader Genetics, Medical Information Services Research other Animal Use Alternatives Genomics Peer Review, Research Bioinformatics The home page of the journal Bioinformatics, which publishes research in the the fields of computational molecular biology, biological databases and genome bioinformatics. Table of contents and abstracts from are available from 1985; full-text articles from 1998 are available through personal or institutional subscription. Information on subscription rates and instructions to authors is also available. Published by Oxford University Press and made available on the Web with assistance from Stanford University Libraries' HighWire Press. Computational Biology Electronic Journals [Publication Type] Human Genome Project Molecular Biology ... Calendar of genome and biotechnology meetings This calendar is intended to inform genome researchers about pertinent genome-related meetings. Access is also given to a list of training events and workshops of interest to genome researchers. Listed under the coming months are a list of meetings. Links are also given to Biocomputing Courses available. This Web site is maintained by the Human Genome Management Information System (HGMIS) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory for the U.S. Department of Energy Human Genome Program, and is sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, the Office of Biological and Environmental Research, and the Human Genome Program.

72. PROJECT GUTENBERG OFFICIAL HOME SITE -- Listing By AUTHOR Human Genome Project. http://promo.net/cgi-promo/pg/cat.cgi?&label=ID&ftpsite=ftp://ibiblio.or

73. Human Genome Project Human Genome Project Concise synopsis of its history, ultimate goal, and implicationsthat suggests we should proceed wisely and cautiously with this http://www.human-genome-project.org/

Human Genome Project - Let's Move Carefully Human Genome Project: What is it? The Human Genome Project, comprised of the U.S. Department of Energy and NIH Human Genome Programs, is the national coordinated effort to characterize all human genetic material by determining the complete sequence of DNA in the human genome. The Human Genome Project's ultimate goal is to discover and map all of the approximately 35,000 human genes and make them accessible for further biological study. To facilitate the future interpretation of human gene function, the Human Genome Project is also conducting parallel studies on the genetic makeup of other organisms. Human Genome Project: The DNA Sequence Has Been Revealed After years of multi-billion-dollar research, the Human Genome Project and Celera Genomics (a non-government biotechnology company) jointly announced drafts of the human genome sequence in 2000. By mid-2001, scientists associated with these ventures had presented the true nature and complexity of the digital code inherent in DNA. We now understand that there are approximately 35,000 genes in each human DNA molecule, comprised of approximately 3 billion chemical bases arranged in precise sequence. Even the DNA molecule for the single-celled bacterium, E. coli

74. Gene Therapy Definition, hurdles, ethical issues, and links to more resources on gene therapy provided by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. http://www.ornl.gov/hgmis/medicine/genetherapy.html

skip navigation Gene Therapy Subject Index Alphabetical Index News What's New Genetics Headlines Human Genome News Meetings Calendar ... Media Guide Basic Information FAQs Glossary Acronyms Links ... Publications About the Project What is it? Goals Progress History ... Genetics 101 the New Genetics Home Gene Testing Gene Therapy Pharmacogenomics ... Genetic Counseling Ethical, Legal, Social Issues Home Privacy Legislation Gene Testing Patenting ... Genetics in Courtroom Education Teachers Careers Students Webcasts Audio/Video ... Genética Websites en Español Research in Progress Home Sequencing Instrumentation Mapping ... Funding Publications Human Genome News Chromosome Poster Primer Molecular Genetics To Know Ourselves ... List of All Publications Search This Site Contact Us Privacy Statement Site Stats and Credits Quick Links to this page Definition of Gene Therapy Hurdles in Gene Therapy Ethical Issues in Gene Therapy Articles about Gene Therapy ... Gene Therapy Links Definition of Gene Therapy Gene therapy is a novel approach to treat, cure, or ultimately prevent disease by changing the expression of a person's genes. Gene therapy is in its infancy, and current gene therapy is primarily experimental, with most human clinical trials only in the research stages.

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76. CNN.com - Health - Implications Of The Human Genome Project - March 17, 2000 Your Health Implications of the Human Genome Project. INTERACTIVE. VIDEO. CNN'sRhonda Rowland looks at some of the implications in the Human Genome Project. http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/03/17/genome.project/

health Editions myCNN Video ... Feedback CNN Sites CNN CNN Europe CNNfn CNNSI myCNN CNNfyi AllPolitics Languages Search CNN.com CNNSI.com CNNfn.com The Web HEALTH TOP STORIES New treatments hold out hope for breast cancer patients MORE TOP STORIES Thousands dead in India; quake toll rapidly rising Israelis, Palestinians make final push before Israeli election Davos protesters confront police MORE ... MORE MARKETS 11:07am ET, 4/1 DJIA NAS SPORTS Iverson has answers in OT to clinch playoff spot ... LOCAL EDITIONS: CNN.com Europe change default edition MULTIMEDIA: video video archive audio multimedia showcase ... more services E-MAIL: Subscribe to one of our news e-mail lists Enter your address: DISCUSSION: chat feedback CNN WEB SITES: CNNfyi.com CNN.com Europe AsiaNow Spanish ... Korean Headlines TIME INC. SITES: Go To ... Time.com People Money Fortune EW CNN NETWORKS: CNN anchors transcripts Turner distribution SITE INFO: help contents search ad info ... jobs WEB SERVICES: Your Health: Implications of the Human Genome Project INTERACTIVE Investigate into what makes up human DNA VIDEO CNN's Rhonda Rowland looks at some of the implications in the human genome project.

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78. World Medical Association Declaration On The Human Genome Project The World Medical Association, Inc. WMA Policy Declaration on the Human GenomeProject. World Medical Association Declaration on the Human Genome Project. http://www.wma.net/e/policy/17-s-1_e.html

World Medical Association Declaration on the Human Genome Project Adopted by the 44th World Medical Assembly Marbella, Spain, September 1992 PREAMBLE The Human Genome Project is based on the assumption that the information contained in the gene will enable us to diagnose a large number of genetic diseases in utero or even before that; it will enable us to make decisions before procreation. The key to the understanding of genetic diseases is in the identification and characterization of the genes after mutation. Henceforth, one can state that the understanding of all the human biology is enclosed in the identification of 50,000 to 100,000 genes in the human body's chromosomes. The Human Genome Project can enable us to identify and characterize the genes involved in the main genetic diseases; later on, it would be possible to identify and characterize the genes involved in diseases with a genetic component together with other factors such as Diabetis, Schizophrenia and Alzheimer. In these diseases the gene creates a predisposition to the disease rather than being the cause itself. These diseases cause severe social problems and if it is possible to diagnose the predisposition before the appearance of the disease, it might be possible to prevent it by changes in life-style, by diet modification and periodic check-ups. In the second half of the 20th century a conceptional revolution has occurred when one started thinking of diseases in terms of biochemistry. A new revolution is happening now which locates in the gene the instructions for all the biochemical processes in the body's cells.

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80. The Human Genome Project The Human Genome Project is one of the most ambitious and challengingquests ever undertaken by science. Its goal is to completely http://www.abc.net.au/science/slab/genome/story.htm

by Dr Simon Foote (Click here for an overview of this article) WHAT IS THE HUMAN GENOME AND WHY DO WE NEED TO SEQUENCE IT? The Human Genome project is one of the most ambitious and challenging quests ever undertaken by science. Its goal is to completely map and sequence all of the genetic material that makes us human. When it is done, we will have a new and profoundly powerful tool to help us to unravel the mysteries of how the human body grows and functions. The cells in our bodies each contain a master program which controls how and when they develop and how they should function. This information is organised in units called genes, which are arrayed, one after the other along long polymers called chromosomes. We have 46 chromosomes, arranged in pairs kept in the nucleus of most cells. The chromosomes are made of deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA. Chemically, DNA is one of the simplest molecules in the cell. It is comprised of just four building blocks, or residues, strung together in enormously long strings. The residues combine to make our genes, and our genes string together to make our chromosomes. The sequence of the building blocks is not random. It is inherited from our parents who in turn inherited from their parents. The sequence has been moulded over many aeons of environmental influences and directs our responses to the environmental stimuli we face today. To some extent our genome dictates our future. It may hold versions of genes that predispose us to certain illnesses, or conversely to good health and perhaps longevity. Even the basis of our personality may owe some debt to our genome.

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