1. E-text Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam 11th century, Persian (Read Edward Fitzgeraldtranslation). http//www.cs.indiana.edu/hyplan/vsubrama/ok.html. http://www.cocc.edu/kwalsh/classes/hum213/Etext.htm

Kathy Walsh Syllabus Schedule E-Text ... Links Electronic Text Qasida Read three examples of classic Arabic poetry. http://www.indiana.edu/~rugs/rca/v17n3/qasida.html Koran: Read Opening, Abraham, The Scatterers, The Divorce. (This electronic version of The Holy Qur'an was translated by M.H. Shakir and published by Tahrike Tarsile Qur'an, Inc., in 1983.) http://www.hti.umich.edu/relig/koran/browse.html The Epic of Shanemeh (by Ferdowsi, 1010, the Persian Epic of Kings), Read "Rustem" and "Rustem and Sohrab" http://classics.mit.edu/Ferdowsi/kings.html Jalaluddin Rumi (1207-1273, Afghanistan and Turkey, language: Persian).Read this collection of short poems. http://www.armory.com/~thrace/sufi/poems.html Arabian Nights Andrew Lang translation, 1918 (Read Preface, Opening, and first 3 stories); 19th century Arabic text contains ancient and medieval Persian and Arabic stories and folk tales. http://pdv.cs.tu-berlin.de/~mfx/an/lang/lang_index.html Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam 11th century, Persian (Read Edward Fitzgerald translation).

2. UzDessert - Your Guide To Uzbek Culture! Omar Khayyam. Omar Khayyam was born at Nishapur in Khorassan in the second half of 11th century and died within the http://www.uzdessert.uz/ver4/literature/omark.html

Choyhona Chat Discussion Forum Useful Downloads Search Engine ... Museums Omar Khayyam Omar Khayyam was born at Nishapur in Khorassan in the second half of 11th century and died within the first quarter of 12th century. It is quite appropriately claimed that Khayyam was the poet of destiny. However, it will be very wrong of us to think that he was a fatalist, at least by the common understanding and definitions that we have of this word. There are two different thoughts about Khayyam's poems. One is that he was highly influenced by Islamic sufism, and his references to wine and lovers are allegorical representations of the mystical wine and divine love. Yet another type of thought is that Khayyam understood his mortality and inability to look beyond, and his references to wine and lovers are very literal and sensual. Khayyam was a genius of his time. He was a counsel to ministers and kings. He was mathematician, who presented solutions to problems that were centuries ahead of his time. He was astronomer who calculated the duration of the solar year within unmatched accuracy, at least unmatched until this century. A man who has done so much in his life is clearly not a mystical fatalist claiming “what will be, let it be!” In fact, he saw the folly of being mesmerized by such techniques, which may bring amazing visions of reality, but so long as they remain visions, they are not and cannot be truth, the reality itself.

3. PROJECT GUTENBERG - Catalog By Author - Index - Omar Khayyam, INDEX What is PG Etext Listings. Etexts by Author Omar Khayyam,11th century O Index Main Index The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam. http://www.informika.ru/text/books/gutenb/gutind/TEMP/i-_omar_khayyam_th_century

4. Khayyam Omar Khayyam. Born 18 May 1048 in Nishapur, Persia (now Iran) The political events of the 11th century played a major role in the course of Khayyam's life. http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Khayyam.html

Omar Khayyam Born: 18 May 1048 in Nishapur, Persia (now Iran) Died: 4 Dec 1131 in Nishapur, Persia (now Iran) Click the picture above to see four larger pictures Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index Omar Khayyam 's full name was Ghiyath al-Din Abu'l-Fath Umar ibn Ibrahim Al-Nisaburi al-Khayyami. A literal translation of the name al-Khayyami (or al-Khayyam) means 'tent maker' and this may have been the trade of Ibrahim his father. Khayyam played on the meaning of his own name when he wrote:- Khayyam, who stitched the tents of science, Has fallen in grief's furnace and been suddenly burned, The shears of Fate have cut the tent ropes of his life, And the broker of Hope has sold him for nothing! Khayyam studied philosophy at Naishapur and one of his fellow students wrote that he was:- ... endowed with sharpness of wit and the highest natural powers ... However, this was not an empire in which those of learning, even those as learned as Khayyam, found life easy unless they had the support of a ruler at one of the many courts. Even such patronage would not provide too much stability since local politics and the fortunes of the local military regime decided who at any one time held power. Khayyam himself described the difficulties for men of learning during this period in the introduction to his Treatise on Demonstration of Problems of Algebra (see for example [1]):- I was unable to devote myself to the learning of this algebra and the continued concentration upon it, because of obstacles in the vagaries of time which hindered me; for we have been deprived of all the people of knowledge save for a group, small in number, with many troubles, whose concern in life is to snatch the opportunity, when time is asleep, to devote themselves meanwhile to the investigation and perfection of a science; for the majority of people who imitate philosophers confuse the true with the false, and they do nothing but deceive and pretend knowledge, and they do not use what they know of the sciences except for base and material purposes; and if they see a certain person seeking for the right and preferring the truth, doing his best to refute the false and untrue and leaving aside hypocrisy and deceit, they make a fool of him and mock him.

5. PROJECT GUTENBERG - Catalog By Author - Omar Khayyam, 11th Etexts by Author Omar Khayyam, 11th century O Index Main Index The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam ADD. AUTHOR FitzGerald, Edward http://www.informika.ru/text/books/gutenb/gutind/TEMP/omar_khayyam_th_century.ht

6. Khayyam Biography of Omar Khayyam (1048-1122).Category Arts Literature Authors O Omar Khayyam...... Omar Khayyam's full name was Ghiyath alDin Abu'l Khayyam, who stitched the tentsof science, Has fallen The political events of the 11th century played a major http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Khayyam.html

Omar Khayyam Born: 18 May 1048 in Nishapur, Persia (now Iran) Died: 4 Dec 1131 in Nishapur, Persia (now Iran) Click the picture above to see four larger pictures Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index Omar Khayyam 's full name was Ghiyath al-Din Abu'l-Fath Umar ibn Ibrahim Al-Nisaburi al-Khayyami. A literal translation of the name al-Khayyami (or al-Khayyam) means 'tent maker' and this may have been the trade of Ibrahim his father. Khayyam played on the meaning of his own name when he wrote:- Khayyam, who stitched the tents of science, Has fallen in grief's furnace and been suddenly burned, The shears of Fate have cut the tent ropes of his life, And the broker of Hope has sold him for nothing! Khayyam studied philosophy at Naishapur and one of his fellow students wrote that he was:- ... endowed with sharpness of wit and the highest natural powers ... However, this was not an empire in which those of learning, even those as learned as Khayyam, found life easy unless they had the support of a ruler at one of the many courts. Even such patronage would not provide too much stability since local politics and the fortunes of the local military regime decided who at any one time held power. Khayyam himself described the difficulties for men of learning during this period in the introduction to his Treatise on Demonstration of Problems of Algebra (see for example [1]):- I was unable to devote myself to the learning of this algebra and the continued concentration upon it, because of obstacles in the vagaries of time which hindered me; for we have been deprived of all the people of knowledge save for a group, small in number, with many troubles, whose concern in life is to snatch the opportunity, when time is asleep, to devote themselves meanwhile to the investigation and perfection of a science; for the majority of people who imitate philosophers confuse the true with the false, and they do nothing but deceive and pretend knowledge, and they do not use what they know of the sciences except for base and material purposes; and if they see a certain person seeking for the right and preferring the truth, doing his best to refute the false and untrue and leaving aside hypocrisy and deceit, they make a fool of him and mock him.

7. PROJECT GUTENBERG OFFICIAL HOME SITE -- Listing By AUTHOR Results from the links included below are bringing to our Search Engine. AUTHOR Omar Khayyam, 11th century. AKA ADD. http://www.promo.net/cgi-promo/pg/cat.cgi?&label=ID&ftpsite=ftp://ibiblio.org/pu

8. Arabic Mathematics Omar Khayyam combined the use of trigonometry and approximation theory to provide ofhorizon coordinates for each latitude, but in the 11th century the Spanish http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/HistTopics/Arabic_mathematics.html

Arabic mathematics : forgotten brilliance? Alphabetical list of History Topics History Topics Index Recent research paints a new picture of the debt that we owe to Arabic/Islamic mathematics. Certainly many of the ideas which were previously thought to have been brilliant new conceptions due to European mathematicians of the sixteenth, seventeenth and eighteenth centuries are now known to have been developed by Arabic/Islamic mathematicians around four centuries earlier. In many respects the mathematics studied today is far closer in style to that of the Arabic/Islamic contribution than to that of the Greeks. There is a widely held view that, after a brilliant period for mathematics when the Greeks laid the foundations for modern mathematics, there was a period of stagnation before the Europeans took over where the Greeks left off at the beginning of the sixteenth century. The common perception of the period of 1000 years or so between the ancient Greeks and the European Renaissance is that little happened in the world of mathematics except that some Arabic translations of Greek texts were made which preserved the Greek learning so that it was available to the Europeans at the beginning of the sixteenth century. That such views should be generally held is of no surprise. Many leading historians of mathematics have contributed to the perception by either omitting any mention of Arabic/Islamic mathematics in the historical development of the subject or with statements such as that made by Duhem in [3]:-

9. Penn State's Electronic Classics Series Omar Khayyam Page Links to great literature in PDF, Omar Khayyam's Rubiayat in PDF From this site you can download Omar Khayyam's Rubaiyat (late 11th century to early 12th century) http://www2.hn.psu.edu/faculty/jmanis/okhayyam.htm

10. Project Gutenberg Author Record Project Gutenberg Author record. Omar Khayyam, 11th century. Titles.Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam, The. To the main listings page. Main Project http://www.ibiblio.org/gutenberg/authors/omar_khayyam__11th_centur.html

Project Gutenberg Author record Omar Khayyam, 11th century Titles Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam, The To the main listings page Main Project Gutenberg Web page (online)

11. Project Gutenberg Bibliographic Record Project Gutenberg Bibliographic Record. Title Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam, The. AuthorOmar Khayyam, 11th century. Notes. Language English. Release Date Apr 1995. http://www.ibiblio.org/gutenberg/titles/rubaiyat_of_omar_kha.html

Project Gutenberg Bibliographic Record Title: Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam, The Author: Omar Khayyam, 11th century Notes Language: English Release Date: Apr 1995 File(s): Title Format Directory Filename Size Etext number Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam, The (ASCII) rubai10.txt 77 KB Select (click on) a Title to view. Click the Author name above for more eBooks by that author To the main listings page Main Project Gutenberg Web page (online)

12. Omar Khayyam Born 18 May 1048 in Nishapur Died 4 Dec 1131 in Nishapur Omar Khayyam's full name was Ghiyath alDin Abu'l-Fath Umar ibn Ibrahim Al-Nisaburi al-Khayyami. events of the 11th century played a major role in the course of Khayyam's life. http://pchome.grm.hia.no/~fsaljoug/omar_khayyam.htm

Omar Khayyam Born: 18 May 1048 in Nishapur Died: 4 Dec 1131 in Nishapur Omar Khayyam 's full name was Ghiyath al-Din Abu'l-Fath Umar ibn Ibrahim Al-Nisaburi al-Khayyami. A literal translation of the name al-Khayyami (or al-Khayyam) means 'tent maker' and this may have been the trade of Ibrahim his father. Khayyam played on the meaning of his own name when he wrote:- Khayyam, who stitched the tents of science, Has fallen in grief's furnace and been suddenly burned, The shears of Fate have cut the tent ropes of his life, And the broker of Hope has sold him for nothing!' Khayyam studied philosophy at Naishapur and one of his fellow students wrote that he was:- ... endowed with sharpness of wit and the highest natural powers ... However, this was not an empire in which those of learning, even those as learned as Khayyam, found life easy unless they had the support of a ruler at one of the many courts. Even such patronage would not provide too much stability since local politics and the fortunes of the local military regime decided who at any one time held power. Khayyam himself described the difficulties for men of learning during this period in the introduction to his Treatise on Demonstration of Problems of Algebra (see for example [1]):- I was unable to devote myself to the learning of this algebra and the continued concentration upon it, because of obstacles in the vagaries of time which hindered me; for we have been deprived of all the people of knowledge save for a group, small in number, with many troubles, whose concern in life is to snatch the opportunity, when time is asleep, to devote themselves meanwhile to the investigation and perfection of a science; for the majority of people who imitate philosophers confuse the true with the false, and they do nothing but deceive and pretend knowledge, and they do not use what they know of the sciences except for base and material purposes; and if they see a certain person seeking for the right and preferring the truth, doing his best to refute the false and untrue and leaving aside hypocrisy and deceit, they make a fool of him and mock him.

13. Omar Khayam A Sufi mystic, scientist, and mathematician in the 11th century thisman saw only Life. Omar Khayyam. Drink wine that is life everlasting http://www.sentient.org/omar.htm

Home About About this Site About Teachers About Awakening About Living ... About Ordinary Satsang Satsang Groups Ramana Maharshi The story of Ribhu Newsletters Avastatyraya Current Amber Ramesh Balseka Douglas Harding Catherine Ingram ... Metta Zetty This Century Nisargardatta Papaji Scott Morrison M. Uyeshiba ... Wei Wu Wei Previous Centuries Ibn El'Arabi Jesus Br. Lawrence Hakuin ... Buddhism A Sufi mystic, scientist, and mathematician in the 11th century this man saw only Life. Omar Khayyam Drink wine that is life everlasting, The source of youthful delight; It burns like fire, but puts an end to grief, It's like the water of life, drink it. I drink no wine, but not because I'm poor, Nor get drunk, though not through fear of scandal; I drank to lighten my heart But now that You have settled in my heart, I drink no more. Note: 'Wine' was commonly used by the sufis to mean 'Life' or 'God' or 'Self'. (from translations by Peter avery and John Heath-Stubbs, 1979.)

14. Rubaiyat Of Omar Khayyam -- UMKC Miller Nichols Library: Special Collections Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam Omar Khayyam was an 11th century Persian mathematician, astronomer, and poet. http://www.umkc.edu/depts/lib/spec-col/rubaiyat.htm

UMKC MERLIN Catalog Resources Ask Us ... Just for You Special Collections Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam Omar Khayyam was an 11th century Persian mathematician, astronomer, and poet. He was recognized during his own lifetime for his scientific achievements, including reform of the Seljuq calendar based on astronomical observations. His western fame is based largely upon the edition of selected quatrains freely translated into English by Edward FitzGerald as The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam, the astronomer-poet of Persia , published in London by Bernard Quartich, March 1859. FitGerald's collection of Omar Khayyam's lyric verses contains phrases that are now standard quotations, including the famous line, "A Jug of Wine, a Loaf of Bread and Thou." FitzGerald's slender pamphlet contained 150 quatrains, and scholars have attributed at least 250 authentic rubaiyats or quatrains to Omar Khayyam. UMKC's Rubaiyatiana collections are comprised of two separate collections. The major collection of Rubaiyats is housed in the Diastole Conference Center on the UMKC Hospital Hill campus. The second collection of Rubaiyats was given by other Kansas City book collectors such as Lyle Kennedy. Dr. E. Grey Dimond is the emeritus Provost for Health Sciences and was instrumental in the establishment of the UMKC School of Medicine (1971). During his army service, the Rubaiyat captured Dr. Dimond's attention. Dr. Dimond was given his first copy of FitzGerald's Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam by Colonel Berle, who related a tragic story of a woman who died of a heart disease. Her sole possession was a copy of the Rubaiyat. From that time on, Dr. Dimond continued to search for editions of the Rubaiyat. The E. Grey Dimond Collection of Rubaiyats is located at the Diastole Center.

15. Powersof10.com The great mathematician Omar Khayyam pondered this scale in Khayyam also consideredthis scale of time in Looking back from his 11th century vantage point, he http://www.powersof10.com/powers/people/station_52.html

June 29, 2002 thru January 5, 2003 California Academy of Sciences For more information, including video clips from the exhibition. Visit the California Academy of Sciences. Eames Office 2665 Main Street Santa Monica, CA 90405 ph 310-396-5991 fx 310-396-4677 Omar Khayyam Text Overview Contained on CD Free Association Books ... Videos OMAR KHAYYAM 10 11 seconds is 3,170 years. The great mathematician Omar Khayyam pondered this scale in two ways, one overt and one less so. First he pioneered a redesign of the Muslim calendar (the modern Muslim calendar is a lunar calendar not based on Khayyam's work), contemplating the minutiae of the imperfection of the then current system, finally coming up with a 33 year cycle of rhythms and leap years to be called the Jalili era after the Sultan. It was actually a little more accurate than the modern calendar we use today. The way to conceptualize such a long expanse of time, at least in the world of calendar reform, is to imagine slowly turning cycles that take so long to repeat that in each case they file off small imperfections in the calendar's precision. Khayyam's calendar loses a day every 5000 years (as opposed to 3,333 years for the Gregorian calendar to lose a day). Khayyam also considered this scale of time in a way he might have been surprised to have others notice. Looking back from his 11th century vantage point, he was aware of more than 20 centuries worth of man's assaults on the riddles of natural orderon back to the Ancient Greeks and even a little ways into the mists of language. This was because Khayyam, like many Persian scientists of his day, was truly the custodian of humankind's accumulated knowledge, even that which had developed in Europe proper. It was clear that virtually every European institution was vulnerable to oblivion in the Dark Ages. Though they were clearly more than just care takers, Khayyam and others seem to have been aware of this cultural responsibility. Khayyam, Avicenna, and the rest added to that knowledge as wellKhayyam made several contributions to algebra, although most of his mathematical work has been lost.

16. Search Results For "omar Khayyam" Brief biography of the 11th century poet mathematician and astronomer chronicles his life, travels and influential works. Sixth Edition. 2001. Omar Khayyam, (o´mar kiam´) (KEY) , fl. 11th cent., Persian poet the Closet lays. ATTRIBUTIONOmar Khayyam (1112th century), Persian astronomer, poet. http://www.bartleby.com/cgi-bin/texis/webinator/sitesearch/?query=omar+khayyam&d

17. Penn State's Electronic Classics Series Omar Khayyam Page From this site you can download Omar Khayyam's Rubaiyat (late 11th century toearly 12th century) in Adobe's ® Acrobat ® Portable Document File format. http://www.hn.psu.edu/faculty/jmanis/okhayyam.htm

18. Euclid's Fifth Postulate alHaytham's (10th century) kinematic method was criticized by Omar Khayyam(11th century) whose own proof was published for the first time in 1936. http://www.cut-the-knot.com/triangle/pythpar/Attempts.shtml

CTK Exchange Front Page Movie shortcuts Personal info ... Recommend this site With them the seed of Wisdom did I sow, And with my own hand wrought to make it grow: And this was all the Harvest that I reap'd - "I came like Water, and like Wind I go." Omar Khayyam The Fifth Postulate Attempts to Prove It's hard to add to the fame and glory of Euclid who managed to write an all-time bestseller, a classic book read and scrutinized for the last 23 centuries. However insignificant the following point might be, I'd like to give him additional credit for just stating the Fifth Postulate without trying to prove it. For attempts to prove it were many and all had failed. By the end of the last century, it was also shown that the fifth postulate is independent of the remaining axioms, i.e., all the attempts at proving it had been doomed from the outset. Did Euclid sense that the task was impossible? The earliest source of information on attempts to prove the fifth postulate is the commentary of Proclus on Euclid's Elements . Proclus, who taught at the Neoplatonic Academy in Athens in the fifth century, lived more than 700 years after Euclid. Although an invaluable source for the history of mathematics, the

19. Another Test. How Appropriate. - Www.ezboard.com flies; One thing is certain and the rest is lies; The Flower that once has blownforever dies. The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam (11th century) ICQ 179710217 http://pub95.ezboard.com/fayenee76882frm25.showMessage?topicID=39.topic

20. "Most Popular" Iranians 5 Ibn Sina (Avicenna, 11th century scientist), 107, (8.4%). 6- Omar Khayyam(11th century poet), 89, (7.0%). 7- Mowlavi (Rumi, 13th century poet), 81, (6.3%). http://www.iranian.com/Mar96/Articles/Popular.html

Last August, readers of Soroush , an Iranian on-line network were asked to list five favorite pre-20th century Iranians*. Here are the results as of February 10, 1996, taken from the "Polls & Questionnaire" section of Soroush: 1- Kourosh (Cyrus the Great, king, 6th century B.C.) 2- Hafez (14th century poet) 3- Amir Kabir (19th century premier) 4- Ferdowsi (10th century poet) 5- Ibn Sina (Avicenna, 11th century scientist) 6- Omar Khayyam (11th century poet) 7- Mowlavi (Rumi, 13th century poet) 8- Zardosht (Zoraster, prophet, 7th century B.C.) 9- Sa'di (13th century poet) 10- Dariush I (Darius, king, 6th century B.C.) 11- Nader Shah Afshar (18th century king) 12- Mazdak (6th century prophet) 12-Shah Ismail Safavi (16th century king) 13- Mani (3rd century prophet) 14- Ardeshir II (3rd century king) None of the above Total *Each user ID could only vote once. Last Updated: 11-Mar-96 Web Site Design by: Multimedia Internet Services, Inc. Send your Comments to: iranian@interport.net.

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