61. Reason his story centered on a real figure a remarkable 11th century Isma'ili that, accordingto legend, he held captive his childhood friend Omar Khayyam for the http://reason.com/hod/cpf091202.shtml

September 12, 2002 Old School Osama What we found while looking for bin Laden By Charles Paul Freund The U.S. has been looking for Osama bin Laden for about a year now, and while we still haven't found him, and aren't even sure if he's still alive, the search may have turned up someone even more valuable. That's because the longer our encounter with bin Laden has lasted, the more he has been teaching us about his most significant predecessor in terror, the legendary Hasan Sabbah. There are many conclusions to be drawn from their common careers, but the most noteworthy is this: Hasan turns out to be history's own refutation of bin Laden and his war. Who is Hasan ? He's actually better known by a different name: The Old Man of the Mountain. That's what Marco Polo called him in the most famous account of the so-called Assassins of northern Persia. While Polo created a confused and sensational rendering of stories that had been circulating among Europeans since the Crusades, his story centered on a real figure: a remarkable 11th century Isma'ili leader at war against Sunni Islam over the issue of succession to the Prophet. Bin Laden's career has been helping to reveal the truth about Hasan and his followers. In turn, Hasan's career and its surprising legacy are helping reveal the inevitable futility of bin Laden's war.

62. Complete Sonnets of Omar Khayyam First and Fifth Editions by Edward FitzGerald Oftquoted classic.Free translation of skeptical, hedonistic verse associated with 11th-century http://store.doverpublications.com/0486266869.html

American History, American...... American Indians Anthropology, Folklore, My...... Antiques Architecture Art Bridge and Other Card Game...... Chess Children Cookbooks, Nutrition Crafts Detective Stories, Science...... Ethnic Interest Gift Certificates Gift Ideas History, Political Science...... Holidays Humor Languages And Linguistics Literature Magic, Legerdemain Military History, Weapons ...... Music Nature Performing Arts, Drama, Fi...... Philosophy And Religion Photography Puzzles, Amusement, Recrea...... Reference Science and Mathematics Sports, Out-of-door Activi...... Stationery, Gift Sets Summer Fun Shop Travel and Adventure Women's Studies By Subject Literature Dover Thrift Editions Poetry Complete Sonnets William Shakespeare Our Price Availability: In Stock (Usually ships in 24 to 48 hours) Format: Book ISBN: Page Count: Dimensions: 5 3/16 x 8 1/4 Over 150 exquisite poems deal with love, friendship, the tyranny of time, beauty’s evanescence, death and other themes in language unsurpassed in passion, precision, originality and beauty. This inexpensive Dover edition enables any lover of poetry or fine literature to have this remarkable verse in his or her library. A brief glossary illuminates a number of archaic terms. Buy Now!

63. The Irish In Love - World Cultures European You may know him better as Omar Khayyam who wrote The Rubaiyat (FitzGeraldactually translated Khayyam's 11th century work) Ah Love! http://www.irishcultureandcustoms.com/ACalend/IrishinLove.html

Traditions, folklore, history and more. If it's Irish, it's here. Or will be! "People will not look forward to posterity who never look backward to their ancestors." -Edmund Burke Quotes Blessings Poetry (Basic Irish) ... Submissions Guide Help keep us free Throughout the site you will see many items available for purchase from well-known merchants such as Amazon . Not interested in what we're featuring? It doesn't matter. Click on any link and then shop for whatever you wish - we will still get credit, if you buy something. Thanks for your help. The Irish In Love by Bridget Haggerty 'The Realm of Romance' is bigger than West Virginia and smaller than Ohio. But for such a tiny place, Ireland is a magnificent, multi-faceted gem, blessed with an abundance of details and differences. Majestic mountains sweep down to the sea. Miles of stone walls line fields filled with black-faced sheep. Tall, flowering hedges shade narrow, winding roads. Ancient castles and mystical abbeys dominate pastoral vistas. And, pastel-hued cottages dot river valleys strewn with wild flowers. What a magical place to begin a romance or married life together! The opening paragraph of this article is adapted from the chapter on honeymoons in my book

64. Pure1 Articles Learning from Omar Omar Khayyam once wrote, Take the cash and let thecredit fly. That was in his Ruba'iyat, penned in the 11th century. http://www.pure1.com/P1/Articles2B.html

65. References 10 Hogendijk, JP (1986) Discovery of an 11thcentury geometrical compilation Özdural,A. (1995) Omar Khayyam, mathematicians, and conversazioni with artisans http://members.tripod.com/vismath1/denes/refs.htm

References [1] The idea of footprint- (and mind-print-) literacy was introduced by Tsion Avital; see his papers in the present issue of VM . Different linear symmetry groups (frieze groups) "printed" by animals were briefly discussed by Wolf and Wolff (1956). I should recall here the Japanese director A. Kurosawa's movie Dersu Uzala . This title is the name of an old man living in the Siberian forest. He has an extraordinary ability to "read" footprints. For example, he tells the visitors that the actual footprints are belonging to an old tiger and they should be very careful because the tiger is very hungry, etc. I am sure that this ability of Dersu Uzala was a common knowledge in the hunting and gathering society. Avital, T. Footprint Literacy: the Origins to Art and Prelude to Science and Mindprints: the Structural Shadows of Mind Reality? Wolf, K. L. and Wolff, R. (1956) , [Symmetry: An Attempt towards an Instruction in Seeing Gestalt and Meaningfully Creating Gestalt [2] Ratios of length of a vibrating string with the modern names (and notations) of intervals 1/1 - prime or unison (from C to C) 8/9 - second (from C to D) 4/5 - third (from C to E) 3/4 - forth (from C to F) 2/3 - fifth (from C to G) 3/5 - sixth (from C to A) 8/15 - seventh (from C to B) 1/2 - octave (from C to the next C) We may consider semitones and in that case we should make a clear distinction between the new minor and the original major intervals, e.g.

66. UQR2203: Mathematical Ideas: Their Formation & Evolution If time permits, we will also look at the GanitaSara-Sangraha (9th century ADIndia) and two works of Omar Khayyam (11th century AD Arabia). References http://www.scholars.nus.edu.sg/quantitative/uqr2203/syllabus.html

USP Home Quantitative Reasoning Modules Offered About Us ... Tutorials Instructor: A/P Peter Pang Email: matpyh@nus.edu.sg Students enrolled in this course can participate in the online forum The schedule shown in this document is tentative, please refer to web announcements/updates and the lecturer for further information. Lecture 1 (July 29) In this lecture, we will touch upon the following two themes: Mathematics is a major human intellectual achievement. We will convince the audience that even what we consider to be the most fundamental mathematical activity, namely, counting, is a monumental feat that took a long time to accomplish. Nowadays, of course, mathematics plays a part in almost every scientific, technological, and social endeavour. With the recognition it is a major human intellectual achievement, we will next investigate the question "What is mathematics?" briefly. Three of the "defining" characteristics of mathematics are the axiomatic-deductive system, the logical rigour, and the use of symbols. In a way, these hallmarks form the focus of this entire module. We will touch on the apparent contradiction of mathematics as both a pure logical construct and a readily applicable body of knowledge, a sort of subjective-objective dichotomy. We will also mention three main schools of thought on the nature of mathematical truth: Platonism, Constructivism and Formalism. References: From Five Fingers to Infinity : Chapters 1, 2, 5, 7, 108.

67. Poetry famous example of the roba'i is the Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam, shown below FAREWELL,by Ibn Jakh (11th century, Andalusian) translated by Emilio Garcia Gomez http://www.sfusd.k12.ca.us/schwww/sch618/Literature, Poetry/Poetry.html

Literature (continued) Part II: Poetry Introduction Poetry was highly valued in Arabic cultures of the Middle Ages. Very talented poets could earn a good living by going from city to city to compose poems before the rich, or even to groups on the streets (something like the troubadours (traveling singing storytellers) of Europe). The oral tradition of poets was very strong during this time. The Prophet Muhammad evidently enjoyed poetry and said, "Some poetry is true wisdom", but also warned that "filling the belly of a person with pus is better than stuffing his brain with poetry." Hadith on poetry A. Origins of Arabic Poetry The origins of Arabic poetry was with the nomads who traveled the desert. Arabic (and later Persian and Turkish poetry) was filled with beautiful similes, metaphors and images. There were five main types of poetry. The qasida - Before Islam the Arabs developed this type of poetry. It can have many lines, but all lines will end with the same rhyme . Originally, the poem opened with a love poem, then the account of the poet's journey. The main theme at the end was a tribute to the poet's

68. Al Shindagah crusades between the end of the 11th century and the latter part of the 13th centurywhen the days friend and famous poet of the Rubaiyat, Omar Khayyam. http://www.alshindagah.com/july98/morethanwords.htm

More Than Words The origin of many words found in European languages can be traced back to Arabic says Dr Shihab Ghanem Illustrations by UAE calligraphy artist Khaled Al-Jallaf It is a well-known phenomenon that languages borrow from one another, and Arabic and English are no different. Although there are several theories about the origin of Arabic, it is an established fact that when Islam emerged Arabic was already a sophisticated language with highly developed poetry. It is said that the seven (some say ten) odes, which were the great Arabic poems of pre-Islamic days, were hung on the inner walls of the Kaba in Mecca, the holiest shrine to Muslims and even to the Arabs before Islam. The Quran was revealed in the dialect of Arabic as spoken by the tribe of Quraish that lived in Mecca. Tribes from various parts of the Arabian peninsula travelled to Makkah to visit the Kaba and to trade, and thus became familiar with the Qureish dialect of Arabic. The tribe of Quraish also annually had a trading trip to Yemen in winter and another trip in summer to Ash-Sham, which is now Syria, Lebanon, Palestine and Jordan. Whenever tribes disagreed over the meaning of words in the Quran the Qureish Arabic would be taken as the correct one. Arabic became the language of Islam and spread rapidly as far as China in the east, Spain in the west and the Balkans in the north. Today there are about a billion Muslims of whom millions of non-Arabs recite the Quran in Arabic even though they may have a very limited understanding of what they read. Both the Persian and Urdu languages use Arabic script. The Turkish language was until early this century written in Arabic script.

69. Nerdslut.org >> BlogDaddy Daily: No Song, But Poetry The Rubaiyat Omar Khayyam - 11th century Posted by Lollipop on June 4, 20021204 PM Post a comment Name Email Address URL Comments Remember info? http://www.nerdslut.org/webdaddy/archives/000151.html

nerdslut.org >> blogDaddy daily nerdslut.org's blog Main June 02, 2002 No Song, but poetry "She never told her love, But let concealment, like a worm i' the bud, Feed on her damask cheek: she pined in thought, And with a green and yellow melancholy She sat like patience on a monument, Smiling at grief. Was not this love indeed? We men may say more, swear more: but indeed Our shows are more than will; for still we prove Much in our vows, but little in our love." Twelfth Night , William Shakespeare. Posted by webdaddy at June 02, 2002 02:52 PM Comments The Moving Finger writes; and, having writ, Moves on: nor all your Piety nor Wit Shall lure it back to cancel half a Line, Nor all your Tears wash out a Word of it The Rubaiyat - Omar Khayyam - 11th century Posted by: Lollipop on June 4, 2002 12:04 PM Post a comment Name: Email Address: URL: Comments: Remember info? var site="s10nerdslut"

70. • Jennifer Kimball • Biography & History Without End. Add to that the genredefying Revelations a meditation on mortalitywhich paraphrases 11th-century Persian poet Omar Khayyam while veering http://www.jenniferkimball.com/biography/

Jennifer Kimball's new CD, "Veering From the Wave" (Imaginary Road/Polygram), isn't so much a solo debut as it is a reintroduction to a familiar artist. Listeners will instantly recognize Kimball's voice by virtue of her work with The Story, the commercially-successful and critically-acclaimed group that in the early-'90s blazed the trail for contemporary, chart-topping folk-pop artists like Sarah McLachlan, Paula Cole and Jewel. As one-half of that now-legendary duo which made two albums for Elektra Records ("Angel In the House," "Grace In Gravity") and helped foster a whole new genre of intelligent, acoustic-based folk-pop to which radio responded at the time by creating Triple-A (Adult Album Alternative), an entirely new format Kimball supplied the group's signature harmonies and a hefty dose of comic relief in its live shows. To quote the title of one of her songs, Kimball's debut album might come as a revelation to those who had no idea there was such a powerful creative force lurking inside the harmony singer, who in addition to sharing vocals with Jonatha Brooke in The Story, has lent her considerable vocal prowess to a veritable who's who of contemporary singer-songwriters, including Patty Larkin, John Gorka, Catie Curtis, Lucy Kaplansky and Carrie Newcomer. Kimball actually counts herself among those who didn't realize she had the resources necessary to pull together an album of original songs. After leaving The Story, she says, "I thought I'd be on the periphery and continue to sing background vocals and make contributions to other peoples' projects." Her departure from The Story was not easy, but staying was impossible. "I had painted myself into a corner," says Kimball. "I didn't write and Jonatha was increasingly writing songs that were just for her. I will always tip my hat to Jonatha musically I think she's a brilliant songwriter but in the end I had no creative place there, and I was just going absolutely insane." To make matters worse, after she quit The Story, a last-ditch attempt to save her already-unraveling marriage failed, and Kimball found herself suddenly alone in the aftermath of the two key relationships in her life.

71. The Scout Report - March 28, 2003 Foundation. The Rubaiyat is attributed to Omar Khayyam, the Persianphilosopher and mathematician who lived in the 11th century. The http://kimmo.suominen.com/stuff/scout.html

The Scout Report Volume 9, Number 12 March 28, 2003 A Publication of the Internet Scout Project Computer Science Department, University of Wisconsin The Scout Report is a weekly publication offering a selection of new and newly discovered Internet resources of interest to researchers and educators. However, everyone is welcome to subscribe to one of the mailing lists (plain text or HTML). Subscription instructions are included at the end of each report. The Scout Report on the web: Current issue: http://scout.wisc.edu/report/sr/current/ This issue: http://scout.wisc.edu/report/sr/2003/scout-030328.html Visit the Internet Scout Weblog at: http://scout.wisc.edu/weblog/ Send comments and contributions to: scout@cs.wisc.edu In This Issue: NSDL Scout Reports NSDL Scout Report for Math, Engineering, and Technology Research and Education Betraying the College Dream: How Disconnected K-12 and Postsecondary Education Systems Undermine Student Aspirations ... Military Personnel Overseas "Weblog" Their Experiences Online NSDL Scout Reports NSDL Scout Report for Math, Engineering, and Technology

72. Untitled Document Omar Khayyam was the greatest writer of the ruba'i (quatrain Meanwhile, Persian poetryhad been cultivated in India since the 11th century, exemplified by the http://www.columbia.edu/itc/sipa/U6210/ncs13/Literature.htm

Persian Literature Ferdosi and other poets at the court of Sultan Mahmud of Ghazna. by Hadi Tajvidi (1936) Enter the realm of Persian literature Home

73. The Moving Finger Writes; And, Having Writ ... Wit Shall lure it back to cancel half a Line, Nor all your Tears washout a Word of it. the rubaiyat Omar Khayyam - 11th century. http://www.worldprayers.org/archive/prayers/meditations/the_moving_finger_writes

T he Moving Finger writes; and, having writ, Moves on: nor all your Piety nor Wit Shall lure it back to cancel half a Line, Nor all your Tears wash out a Word of it. the rubaiyat - omar khayyam - 11th century

74. Nineteenth Century Religion And Science The Rubyait of Omar Khayyam, No 68 (11th Cen.) Pictured to the left is RudolphII being instucted by Tycho Brahe (with the assistance of two monks). http://www.dur.ac.uk/m.d.eddy/S&R.htm

C19 S R eligion Tutor: Mr. M. D. Eddy Lecture Topics and Timetable Sources for Writing Your Essay Checklist for Your Essay Back to the Main Page We are no other than a moving row Of Magic Shadow-shapes that come and go Round with the Sun-illumined Lantern held In Midnight by the Master of the Show The Rubyait of Omar Khayyam , No 68 (11th Cen.) Pictured to the left is Rudolph II being instucted by Tycho Brahe (with the assistance of two monks)

75. Masad place of the 11th century poet Ferdowsi, author of the epic Shahname (book of kings).Neishabur was home to another famous poet Omar Khayyam (12th century) who http://www.silkroadtours.co.uk/mashad.html

Mashad means the place of martyrdom and is an extremely holy city for Shi'ite Moslems worldwide. It is where the eighth grandson of the prophet Mohammad, Emam Reza , was murdered in 817 and has been a place of pilgrimage ever since. The holy shrine of Emam Reza and the surrounding buildings are one of the marvels of the Islamic world and as might be expected all roads in Mashad lead to the sacred shrine. Most of the buildings in the complex, including the mosques, museums, eivans (halls) are open to non-Muslims, except for the holy shrine itself. Dress in Mashad should be particularly conservative. Near Mashad lies Tus , the home town and burial place of the 11th century poet Ferdowsi , author of the epic Shahname (book of kings). Neishabur was home to another famous poet Omar Khayyam (12th century) who is probably the best known Iranian poet in the West. Masad Kerman Azerbaijan Province Hamadan ... Multiple Countries

76. Pilgrimages (iran) In the morning visit the holy shrine, then excursion to Neishabour to visit the tombsof Omar Khayyam who lived in the 11th century AD, and Attarod-Din (13th http://www.silkroadtours.co.uk/pilgrimages_iran_.html

Throughout the world, holy sights are recognised as places of primary attraction. In Islamic Iran, Mashad, in the north-east of Iran, is the holiest site of pilgrimage, where every year, millions of people not only from Iran but from throughout the world come to pay their respects at the holy shrine of Immam Reza (A.S.) the eighth infallible Imam of Prophet Mohammad's (S.A.W.A) household. We have negotiated very special rates for groups of pilgrims travelling for Ziyarat to Iran's holy sites. Please find below an example of the type of tour we can arrange. Nine day pilgrimage tour of Iran. A wonderful opportunity to visit the most holy sites of Iran with highlights including Mashad, Qom, Shahre-Rey, and Tehran. DAY 1: LONDON - TEHRAN Depart from London on afternoon Iran Air flight to Tehran. DAY 2: TEHRAN Arrival in Tehran early in the morning and transfer to your hotel. Time to relax in the morning before lunch. In the afternoon a city sightseeing tour of Tehran. Overnight in Tehran. DAY 3: TEHRAN - SHAHRE-REY - QOM Depart for Shahre-Rey just outside Tehran and visit to the holy shrine of Immam Khomeini who died in 1989. This is followed by a visit to the holy shrine of

77. Famous Persians Khayyam. Abu alFath Omar ben Ibrahim al-Khayyam was a poet as well asa mathematician and astronomer of the 11th century. He discovered http://www.cpersia.com/html/famous_persians.html

Avicenna The Book of Healing and The Canon of Medicine . The first is a scientific encyclopedia covering logic, natural sciences, psychology, geometry, astronomy, arithmetic and music. The second is the most famous single book in the history of medicine. Attar Neishaburi. Farid-ed-Din Abu-Hamed ebn-e Abu-Bakr Ebrahim-al-Haqq Attar Kadkani Neishaburi is a poet of the 6th-7th century AD. Ferdowsi . Abolqassem Mansur ebn-e Hassan Ferdowsi Tussi is the greatest Iranian epic poet. The author of the Persian national epic, Shah-nameh ("Book of Kings"). Ferdowsi was occupied by this task for 35 years. Written for Sultan Mahmud of Ghazna, the Shahnameh is a poem of nearly 60,000 verses, mainly based on the Khvatay- namak , a history of the kings of Persia in Pahlavi (Middle Persian) from mythical times down to the 7th century. Rudaki.

78. Untitled Document In the 11th century, Omar Khayyam wrote his exquisite Persian verseson the futility of trying to discern any purpose of life. He http://www.newwave.net/~haught/breaking.html

Breaking the Last Taboo Free Inquiry , winter 1996/97) By James A. Haught Few Americans know that Thomas Jefferson wrote, in a letter to John Adams: "The day will come when the mystical generation of Jesus, by the supreme being as his father in the womb of a virgin, will be classed with the fable of the generation of Minerva in the brain of Jupiter." Or that Albert Einstein wrote in The New York Times in 1930: "I cannot imagine a God who rewards and punishes the objects of his creation, whose purposes are modeled after our own a God, in short, who is but a reflection of human frailty. Neither can I believe that the individual survives the death of his body, although feeble souls harbor such thoughts through fear or ridiculous egotism." Or that Mark Twain wrote in his journal: "I cannot see how a man of any large degree of humorous perception can ever be religious unless he purposely shut the eyes of his mind & keep them shut by force." Or that Emily Bronte wrote in 1846: "Vain are the thousand creeds that move men's hearts, unutterably vain, worthless as wither'd weeds."

79. Www.florilegium.org/files/THE-12TH-CENTURY/12C-Music-bib.text (partial citation sorry) TITLE The Ruba'iyat of Omar Khayyam/ trans PUBLISHER NewYork; Penguin Books, 1981 NOTES Modern translation of 11th-century poetic work http://www.florilegium.org/files/THE-12TH-CENTURY/12C-Music-bib.text

. Permission is granted for republication in SCA-related publications, provided the author is credited and receives a copy. If this article is reprinted in a publication, I would appreciate a notice in the publication that you found this article in the Florilegium. I would also appreciate an email to myself, so that I can track which articles are being reprinted. Thanks. -Stefan. Edited by Mark S. Harris 12C-Music-bib 5

80. RTÉ News Online In Depth: Afghanistan The Hostage Nation He is now a commentator for a host of Western broadcasters and is working ona biography of Omar Khayyam, the 11th century thinker and mathematician. http://www.rte.ie/news/features/afghanistan/teimourian.html

Hazhir Teimourian Hazhir Teimourian, Middle East analyst Hazhir Teimourian was born in Iranian Kurdistan in 1940. At 19, he was sent to Britain for his higher studies, but he stayed there and became a journalist with the BBC and the Times. He is now a commentator for a host of Western broadcasters and is working on a biography of Omar Khayyam, the 11th Century thinker and mathematician. Individual topics covered by Mr. Teimourian may be selected below or, to read the full interview, click here Indicates a RealPlayer 56k Video Clip Before 1978 Foreign intervention Damage from conflict The Taliban's origins ... Pakistani support

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