41. Poetry Today Online : Classic Poets: Phillis Wheatley Phillis Wheatley (17531784) In 1753, a young girl was born in WestAfrica unbeknownst of what fate had laid before her. Seven years http://www.poetrytodayonline.com/APRcp.html

April 1998 Phillis Wheatley In 1753, a young girl was born in West Africa unbeknownst of what fate had laid before her. Seven years later she was kidnapped in the Senegal-Gambia region when she was about seven years old. Being so young of age she could not be sold as a slave in the West Indies or the southern colonies, she was transported to Boston where she was bought by John Wheatley, a prominent and rich merchant, in 1761. Being so young and thin she was assigned as a domestic servant to Mrs. Susannah Wheatley who immediately took pity on her. It was thus this young malnourished girl was given the Christian name Phillis Wheatley. Wheatley's first poem, 'On Messrs. Hussey and Coffin,' published in 1767, was a religious piece about two sailors who narrowly escaped drowning; its theme was that through the will of God alone the sailors survived. Over the next five years Wheatley accumulated about 30 poems which her master, John Wheatley, tried to help her publish as a book. This project was hampered by the skepticism of publishers, who did not believe that an African-American was capable of producing such correct and conventional verses. To dispel rumors of dishonesty, Wheatley took the extraordinary step of allowing herself to be examined by a committee of Boston's leading dignitaries, including the Governor and several eminent ministers, and they wrote a testimonial stating that they had examined her and believed that she really was the author of the poems concerned. Her book Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral was published in 1773. She was twenty years old.

42. Phillis Wheatley: Selected Bibliography Levernier, James A. Phillis Wheatley (ca. 17531784). Legacy A Journalof American Women Writers 13.1 (1996) 64-75. Mason, Julian D., Jr. http://www.gonzaga.edu/faculty/campbell/enl310/wheatbib.htm

Literary Movements Timeline American Authors English 310/510 ... English 462/562 Selected Bibliography on Phillis Wheatley Bennett, Paula. "Phillis Wheatley's Vocation and the Paradox of the 'Afric Muse'." PMLA Bly, Antonio T. "Wheatley's 'to the University of Cambridge, in New-England'." Explicator -. "Wheatley's 'on the Affray in King Street'." Explicator -. "Wheatley's 'on the Death of a Young Lady of Five Years of Age'." Explicator Burke, Helen M. "The Rhetoric and Politics of Marginality: The Subject of Phillis Wheatley." Tulsa Studies in Women's Literature Burke, Helen. "Problematizing American Dissent: The Subject of Phillis Wheatley." Cohesion and Dissent in America Carretta, Vincent. "Phillis Wheatley, the Mansfield Decision of 1772, and the Choice of Identity." Early America Re-Explored: New Readings in Colonial, Early National, and Antebellum Culture . Ed. Klaus H. Fleischman Schmidt, Fritz. Early American Literature and Culture through the American Renaissance. New York, NY: Peter Lang, 2000. 201-23. Choucair, Mona M. "Phillis Wheatley (1754-1784)."

43. Learning Commons - What Is Culture? - Glossary Item - Phillis Wheatley Wheatley, Phillis. Africanborn Phillis Wheatley (~1753-1784) was broughtto the US as a slave in the ownership of a merchant named John Wheatley. http://www.wsu.edu:8001/vcwsu/commons/topics/culture/glossary/wheatley.html

Wheatley, Phillis African-born Phillis Wheatley (~1753-1784) was brought to the U.S. as a slave in the ownership of a merchant named John Wheatley. Although it was unusual for slaves to be educated, Wheatley studied British literature and Latin at an early age and began writing herself at age 13. Although her work was appreciated by contemporary readers, it is only recently that Wheatley has begun to receive recognition in the academy as a central figure in 18th century U.S. literary history. use your browser's "back" function to return to the text browse glossary index

44. The San Antonio College LitWeb Phillis Wheatley Page The Phillis Wheatley Page. ( c. 17531784 ) Phillis Wheatley's Poems on VariousSubjects ( London, 1773 ) was the first published book by an African-American. http://www.accd.edu/sac/english/bailey/wheatley.htm

The Phillis Wheatley Page ( c. 1753-1784 ) Phillis Wheatley's Poems on Various Subjects ( London, 1773 ) was the first published book by an African-American. See The Collected Works of Phillis Wheatley . Edited by John Shields. Oxford, 1988. On-line Poems on Various Subjects Poems by Phillis Wheatley About Phillis Wheatley Phillis Wheatley from D. Campbell. Phillis Wheatley fFrom America's Story. Hypertext Versions of Wheatley's poems. Back to African American Literature Back to American Women Writers Back to American Literature I

45. Poetry: Phyllis Wheatley BIOGRAPHY Phillis Wheatley (c. 17531784) was kidnapped from Africa and sold in theBoston slave market in 1761, so the true year of her birth will always be a http://www.bedfordstmartins.com/litlinks/poetry/wheatley.htm

MM_preloadImages('../images/m_research_o.gif'); MM_preloadImages('../images/m_related_o.gif'); MM_preloadImages('../images/m_literary_o.gif'); MM_preloadImages('../images/m_critical_o.gif'); MM_preloadImages('../images/m_essays_o.gif'); MM_preloadImages('../images/m_poetry_o.gif'); MM_preloadImages('../images/m_drama_o.gif'); MM_preloadImages('../images/m_fiction_o.gif'); Phyllis Wheatley (c. 1753-1784) LINKS Liberty! Web Site: PBS online http://www.pbs.org/ktca/liberty/chronicle/diversity-phyllisw.html This brief overview of the changing face of America in the 1700s includes a biography of Wheatley. America's First Black Woman Poet http://www.it.cc.mn.us/literature/wheat.htm This course site from Ithaca Community College Distance Learning includes a biography of Wheatley and excerpts of her work. African American Literature Book Club http://www.aalbc.com/phyllis.htm This site includes a biography of Wheatley and an e-text of "To the Students at the University of Cambridge in New England." BIOGRAPHY Phillis Wheatley (c. 1753-1784) was kidnapped from Africa and sold in the Boston slave market in 1761, so the true year of her birth will always be a mystery. She was bought by Susanna Wheatley, a woman of some means, and welcomed more as a new member of the Wheatley household than as a slave. Phillis was precocious and quickly learned English and Latin. She began writing when she was still only a young girl, and her earliest surviving poem was written in 1767, when she was twelve or thirteen. She was formally freed by the Wheatley family when she was about twenty but remained with them until her marriage to John Peters, a free black man, in 1778.

46. The Women Of Colonial Literature library. Phillis Wheatley (17531784). African-born Phillis Wheatley,is considered the first important black poet in America. Captured http://caxton.stockton.edu/HS2/about

Hidden Stacks Team Colonial ... Men Colonial Women Conclusion Join Now Login Colonial-American Literature Your site for information on Colonial Literature The Women of Colonial Literature Posted by Tom Kinsella , 3/28/01 at 8:16:08 PM. Ann Bradstreet (1612 - 1672) Ann Bradstreet was born in England, but raised in America as a puritan whose views were reflected in her poetry. She was considered to be the first American poet as well as the most respected woman poet of her time. In 1650 The Tenth Muse, Lately Sprung Up in America was published in England without her notice. A second edition was published with her own corrections and additions titled Several Poems Compiled With Great Variety of Wit and Learning . It would be more than adequate to have a collected volume of her work, though it would be nice to have the first and second editions of The Tenth Muse to compare the changes that were made. It is important for a college library to have a collection of her work since she was an important poet who influenced many writers. We do have one selection of her poems, but it isn't the most recent, nor is it most authoritative. This includes the poet John Berryman who wrote a sonnet sequence dedicated to her. Sarah Kemble Knight (1666 – 1727) Sarah Kemble Knight was an American diarist who wrote about Colonial customs. Born and raised in America, she learned first-hand about the early American experience through being a recorder of public documents and court records, as well as through her other occupations as teacher and businesswoman.

47. Education Planet Literature,Authors And Poets,Alphabetical Listing,Wheatley Phil Web Sites (12 of 2) 1. Phillis Wheatley - Phillis Wheatley (1753-1784)Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral . London http://www.educationplanet.com/search/Literature/Authors_and_Poets/Alphabetical_

Apr. 02, 2003 07:56 PST Search top educational sites, lessons, supplies and more! Membership Log In User Name: Password: Strengthen Reading Comprehension Reading comprehension software that gets results. Immediate Feedback Targeting Instruction Automatic Scoring Ask our curriculum experts how Merit reading programs can help you. Top Sites this Week Science: Middle School Physical Science Resource Center Math: Project Interactive Social Science: America at War - Time for Kids Language Arts: International Children's Digital Library Project: Stay Safe Online Lesson Plan: Ready.gov from the Department of Homeland Security Top Sites Archives Educational News Schools Seek to Reassure in Wartime Special Education May Get Overhaul Make-A-Wish Foundation Helps Sick Student Go to College privacy Found websites and other resources for ' wheatley phillis. Lesson Plans Books Software Maps ... Videos Find 'wheatley phillis' books Supplies Online Courses Category matches for: ' wheatley phillis Home/Literature/Authors and Poets/Alphabetical Listing Wheatley Phillis (2) Home Literature Authors and Poets ... Wheatley Phillis Sponsored Links Research Phillis Wheatley At Questia - Questia online library offers more than 70,000 books and journal articles. Subscribe for complete books, automatic bibliography tools, thousands of research topics with books pre-selected by librarians, and more.

48. Browse Top Level > Texts > Project Gutenberg > Subject > Practical Theology Author Wheatley, Phillis, 17531784 Keywords Authors W Wheatley,Phillis, 1753-1784; Titles R ; Subject Practical theology. http://www.archive.org/texts/textslisting-browse.php?collection=gutenberg&cat=Su

49. Phillis Wheatley The Schomberg Center / NYPL. Phillis Wheatley (c.17531784). Read therest of Wheatley's Biographical Sketch from Media House International http://secure01.win.net/aalbc/phyllis.htm

50. Phillis Wheatley and Moral. CALL NO PS866 W5 1773 AUTHOR Wheatley, Phillis, 17531784.TITLE Poems on various subjects, religious and moral. By http://libweb.uncc.edu/archives/phillis.htm

Frontispiece, Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral CALL NO: AUTHOR: Wheatley, Phillis, 1753-1784. TITLE: Poems on various subjects, religious and moral. By Phillis Wheatley, Negro servant to Mr. John Wheatley, of Boston, in New England. PUB DATA: London, Printed for A. Bell, sold by Cox and Berry, Boston, 1773. Back

51. Phillis Wheatley: First African American Poet - Suite101.com Related Subject(s) Wheatley, Phillis, 17531784 , African American womenpoets , American poetry 18th century History and criticism. http://www.suite101.com/article.cfm/16683/92103

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52. Phillis Wheatley: Biographical Information THE FIRST African American to publish a book, Phillis Wheatley (ca. 17531784)became a symbol of black achievement, and her writings offered eloquent http://www.masshist.org/cabinet/september2001/wheatleybio.html

Detail from frontispiece of Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral Written by Phillis Wheatley. First published in London on September 1, 1773. THE FIRST African American to publish a book, Phillis Wheatley (ca. 1753-1784) became a symbol of black achievement, and her writings offered eloquent testimony against white racial prejudice and the institution of slavery. Slave traders in West Africa seized the girl, then seven or eight years old, and brought her to Boston, Massachusetts, where the wealthy merchant-tailor John Wheatley and his wife Susanna purchased her for their personal service. Although the girl spoke no English, the Wheatleys recognized her unusual ability and precocity. She learned with remarkable speed and soon lived more like the Wheatleys' daughter than as a slave. Within two years she spoke English fluently and by age 12 published her first poem in a Rhode Island newspaper. A few years later, a verse entitled "An Elegiac Poem, on the Death of the Celebrated Divine . . . George Whitefield" (1770), honoring the evangelical Methodist, gained Phillis fame on both sides of the Atlantic. Phillis, probably named for the vessel that carried her out of Africa, earned the respect and admiration of many colonial leaders, including John Hancock. She traveled to England in 1773, where London society received her with warmth and admiration. Her English contacts encouraged her work and supported the publication of her book

53. Phillis Wheatley 17531784 Poet. When Phillis Wheatley wrote the above letter to SamsonOccom, in February 1774, she was barely twenty years old. http://www.dorothyprince.com/philliswheatley.asp

Poet On the eve of the American Revolution an amazing twenty-year-old named Phillis Wheatly wrote about slave owners: ..In every human breast God has implanted a Principle, which we call Love of Freedom; It is impatient of oppression, and pants for Deliverance; and by the Leave of our modern Egyptians I will assert, that the same Principle Lives in us. God grant Deliverance in His own Way and Time, and get him honour upon Those whose avarice impels them to countenance and help forward that Calamities of their fellow creatures. This I desire not For their Hurt, but to convince them of the strange Absurdity of their Conduct whose Words and Actions are So diametrically opposite. How well the cry for liberty, And the reverse Disposition for the exercise of oppressive Power over others agree.... When Phillis Wheatley wrote the above letter to Samson Occom, in February 1774, she was barely twenty years old. These blisteringly direct and condemning words are uncharacteristic of the "face" that the young poet had on most occasions shown to her world. Wheatley had been in the strange new world for most of her life and had seen and suffered much in her short time. Stolen from her African homeland, Wheatley was sold on the slave block in Boston. Educated in the pious home of John and Susanna Wheatley, she accepted the Christian faith offered her in the Old South Church. She had won national and international acclaim as a gifted writer of poetry, and she had made the voyage across the Atlantic three times. But her greatest

54. Wheatley, Phillis. "To The University Of Cambridge, In New England" TO THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE, IN NEWENGLAND. by Phillis Wheatley (1753-1784)Phillis Wheatley was a slave brought from Africa in 1761. http://nweb.pct.edu/homepage/staff/evavra/Enl121/Anthology/Wheatley_P01.htm

The Barbarian's Anthology of Literature ENL 121 Main Menu ENL 281 Main Menu Pennsylvania College of Technology Dr. Vavra's Main Course Menu ... Main Anthology Menu TO THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE, IN NEW-ENGLAND. by Phillis Wheatley (1753-1784) Phillis Wheatley was a slave brought from Africa in 1761. She quickly learned English, and in 1772, John Wheatley, her master, submitted a book of her poetry for publication. - EV WHILE an intrinsic ardor prompts to write, The muses promise to assist my pen; 'Twas not long since I left my native shore The land of errors, and Egyptain gloom: Father of mercy, 'twas thy gracious hand Brought me in safety from those dark abodes. Students, to you 'tis giv'n to scan the heights Above, to traverse the ethereal space, And mark the systems of revolving worlds. Still more, ye sons of science ye receive The blissful news by messengers from heav'n, How Jesus' blood for your redemption flows. See him with hands out-stretcht upon the cross; Immense compassion in his bosom glows; He hears revilers, nor resents their scorn:

55. African American Literature Resources Phillis Wheatly (17531784) Phillis Wheatley (1753-1784) A Biography Phillis WheatleyAn online essay from P. Reuben's Perspectives on American Literature. http://www.lang.osaka-u.ac.jp/~krkvls/afrolit.html

Mudcloth Magic, Artist: Albert Fennell Bookshop Browsers Amazon Books Online African American Bookshelf Poetry, Fiction, Nonfiction, Videos Tools African American Literature University of California at Santa Barbara: The Voice of the Shuttle African American Literature Syllabi Prepared by Georgetown University Crossroads Project An Outline of American Literature United States Information Agency Research and Documentation in the Electronic Age MLA Guide MLA: Citing Electronic Materials General Africa: Language Areas, Regions, Countries Electronic Journal of Africana Biliography provided by the University of Illinois African Americans in History Biographies prepared by the African American Institute at the University of Georgia African American Literature A USC library definition and link resource African American Women Writers: Critical and Biographical Resources Rutgers University African American Women Writers: Dissertation Abstracts General and Specific: Vinette Carroll, Alice Childress, Alice Dunbar-Nelson, Shirley Graham (DuBois), Angela Weld Grimke, Lorraine Hansberry, Georgia Douglas Johnson, Adrienne Kennedy, Suzan-Lori Parks, Sonia Sanchez, Ntozake Shange, Anna Devere Smith African American Voices: A Booklist of Recent Titles By and About African-Americans New York Public Library Afro-American Sources in Virginia: A Guide to Manuscripts University Press of Virginia Alienation and Initiation as a Theme in American Literature" From Paul P. Reuben's

56. Phillis Wheatley - Wikipedia Phillis Wheatley.jpg Phillis Wheatley (17531784; also spelled Phylis Wheatley)was born in Senegal in Africa, but was captured and sold into slavery at a http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phillis_Wheatley

57. Untitled Document Phillis Wheatley. c. 17531784. Life. Homes. Africa; Boston, Massachusetts.Occupations slave; poet; servant. Religion. Christian. Chronology http://www.uncp.edu/home/canada/work/allam/16071783/lit/wheatley.htm

Phillis Wheatley c. 1753-1784 Life Homes Africa Boston, Massachusetts Occupations slave poet servant Religion Christian Chronology 1753: born in Africa 1761: brought to Boston, Massachusetts, where she is made the slave of Susanna Wheatley, who encourages her interest in writing 1767: published poems in Newport, Rhode Island newspaper 1773: travels to London, England Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral 1773: freed 1778: marries John Peters Issues and themes The first black American to publish a book of poetry, Phillis Wheatley wrote in a style characteristic of the 18th century. Like Alexander Pope and other English writers of the 18th century, she favored highly stylized poetry , characterized by lofty subject matter, elevated diction, classical allusions, and heroic couplets. Wheatley also is known for her religious verse , including poems such as "Thoughts on the Works of Providence" and "To S.M., a Young African Painter, on Seeing His Works." Work "On Being Brought from Africa to America" Publication: 1773 How does Wheatley describe her forced migration to America? Do you think other slaves shared her feelings? Why or why not?

58. Selected Poems Of Phillis Wheatley Phillis Wheatley (17531784). http://www.web-books.com/Classics/Poetry/Anthology/Wheatley/

Phillis Wheatley On Being Brought from Africa to America To S. M., A Young African Painter, on Seeing His Works Home Anthology of Poetry ... Classics

59. Women's History Phillis Wheatley (17531784). Taken from her home in Africa and soldas a slave at the age of eight, Phillis Wheatley was the first http://www.lff.org/demo/access/wheatley.html

Phillis Wheatley (1753-1784) Taken from her home in Africa and sold as a slave at the age of eight, Phillis Wheatley was the first black person in America to have her work publish. She was the second woman after Anne Bradstreet to publish poetry. Wheatley 's poetry attracted much attention and fame. Word of her writing spread from New England to Europe. However, her poems were not recognized for their theme or message. The main interest about Phllis's poetry was that it was written by a black woman, a slave. What caught people's attention was that a slave could read and write not the message or the quality of her work. Today, recent recovery of her letters and peoms reveals that Phillis Wheatley was a very conscious person. She was concern with slavery and her poems and 1773 volume show that she was totally aware of her African heritage which she celebrated. Present day interpretation of her works explain that Phillis Wheatley used her writing as a fight for freedom for her people. BY Sarah Stepney

60. BIBLIOGRAPHY – GEORGE MOSES HORTON Richmond, Merle A. Bid the vassal soar; interpretive essays on the life and poetryof Phillis Wheatley (ca. 17531784) and George Moses Horton (ca. 1797-1883). http://www.unc.edu/campus/sigs/horton/bibliographyrevised.htm

BIBLIOGRAPHY – GEORGE MOSES HORTON Allen, William G. Wheatley, Banneker, and Horton with selections from the poetical works of Wheatley and Horton . Salem, N.H. : Ayer Company, 1992, 1849. Allen, William G Wheatley, Banneker, and Horton; with selections from the poetical works of Wheatley and Horton, and the letter of Washington to Wheatley, and of Jefferson to Banneker Boston: D. Laing, 1849. Allen, William G., Horton, George Moses, Placido, Juan,. The African poets, Horton and Placido Dublin : [R.D. Webb], 1849-1853. Brawley, Benjamin Griffith. “Three negro poets: Horton, Mrs. Harper and Whitman.” Journal of Negro History, 1917: 384-392.. Buckner, Sally. ; Barrax, Gerald W. ; Stephenson, Shelby. North Carolina Literary Hall of Fame Raleigh, N.C.: NCSU Extension/Publications, 1995. Carroll, William. Naked genius: the poetry of George Moses Horton, slave bard of North Carolina, Clark, Margaret Goff. ; Cary, Louis F. Their eyes on the stars: four Black writers Illinois: Garrard Pub. Co., 1973. Cobb, Collier. An American man of letters . Chapel Hill, N.C.? : s.n., 1909.

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