1. This Page Has Moved Read this fact sheet covering the epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis and prevention of aspergillosis. in patients with proven aspergillosis.(468) Nosocomial aspergillosis has been recognized increasingly as a cause of http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/diseases/hip/pneumonia/1_asper.htm

This page has moved, please update your bookmarks or links to the new address: http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/hip/pneumonia/1_asper.htm You will be forwarded automatically in a few seconds. Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion National Center for Infectious Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta, GA

2. OI: Aspergillosis -- ÆGIS A comprehensive resource on this bacterial infection, from AEGIS. http://www.aegis.com/topics/oi/oi-aspergillosis.html

Aspergillosis This is part of a series on Opportunistic Infections ("OIs"). Please note that This Page Is Just A Starting Point: who specializes in treating HIV. Finding The Latest Information: Advances in treating opportunistic infections can happen at any time, so the material on this page may be outdated. Some links in the see also section at the bottom of this page are actually special database links. They may contain information published after this page was written. Classification Aspergillus is a fungal genus. Description Aspergillus is a fungal genus that is found in soil and decaying plant life. Aspergillosis is somewhat rare with HIV. It is more common in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy and in transplant patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy. Most commonly, aspergillosis affects the lungs and sinus. Symptoms: Aspergillosis, a rare and unusual fungal infection, is found in the lungs and sinuses. Symptoms include cough, chest pain, shortness of breath, facial pain, fever, and night sweat ( BALA Danger Zone CD4+ counts less than 100 cells/mm Although the mould tends to cause infections and complications in people with less than 100 CD4+ cells, cases have occurred in people with CD4+ cell counts greater. Among people with AIDS, there are a number of reports of people first having bacterial pneumonia or PCP followed by aspergillosis. It may be that these other infections weaken or damage the lungs and make it easier for the mould to infect and spread there (in the lungs). (

3. Aspergillus Splash Page Provides information on medically important Aspergilli and includes treatment information, DNA sequence data, laboratory protocols, a comprehensive bibliographic database, discussion groups and conference information. http://www.aspergillus.man.ac.uk/

Site co-sponsors An Independent Charitable Trust

4. DBMD - Aspergillosis - Technical Information aspergillosis. Clinical Features, In immunosuppressed hosts invasivepulmonary infection, usually with fever, cough, and chest pain. http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/aspergillosis_t.htm

Aspergillosis Clinical Features In immunosuppressed hosts: invasive pulmonary infection, usually with fever, cough, and chest pain. May disseminate to other organs, including brain, skin and bone. In immunocompetent hosts: localized pulmonary infection in persons with underlying lung disease. Also causes allergic sinusitis and allergic bronchopulmonary disease. Etiologic Agent Aspergillus fumigatus A. flavus . Less commonly A. terreus, A. nidulans, A. niger Reservoir Ubiquitous in the environment. Found in soil, decomposing plant matter, household dust, building materials, ornamental plants, items of food, and water. Incidence Not reportable. Population-based data available for San Francisco suggest a rate of 1-2 per 100,000 per year. Sequelae If severe granulocytopenia persists, mortality rate can be very high (up to 100% in patients with cerebral abscesses). Patient outcome depends on resolution of granulocytopenia and early institution of effective antifungal drug therapy.

5. Aspergillosis Fungal Infection In Birds aspergillosis is the most common fungal infection in birds. Short discussion of the disease, particularly Category Health Animal Conditions and Diseases Avian......aspergillosis by Hannis L. Stoddard III, DMV. aspergillosis is the mostcommon fungal infection in birds caused by aspergella fumigates. http://www.multiscope.com/hotspot/aspergil.htm

6. ASK THE VET (Aspergillosis/Part I) Association, and appears here with permission. aspergillosis is the most frequently occurring fungal infection in birds. http://theaviary.com/s1295-60.shtml

Companion (Pet) Birds Main Page Articles Aviary Shop Area ... Forum Search The Aviary Search this site powered by FreeFind NEWSLETTER Join the Aviary-list our newsletter! Sign up now for twice-a-month tips, advice and more! Forum Talk ASK THE VET (Aspergillosis/Part I) by Linda Pesek, DVM Westbury Animal Hospital 319 Union Avenue Westbury, NY This article first appeared in SQUAWK, the newsletter of the Big Apple Bird Association, and appears here with permission. Aspergillosis is the most frequently occurring fungal infection in birds. It occurs in acute and chronic forms. The acute form primarily occurs in young birds and newly imported birds and is the result of exposure to a large number of spores. The chronic form is more likely to occur in older birds that have been in captivity. Aspergillosis spores are widespread in the environment and many birds may carry them in their lungs and air sacks until immunosuppression or stress triggers clinical disease. Aspergillosis has been diagnosed in a variety of captive and free-living species of birds. It is characteristically a disease of captivity and close confinement, particularly when birds are kept in an unclean environment. Aspergillosis is most commonly caused by A. fumigatus, although A. flavus, A. niger, A. nidulans, and A. terreus may cause the disease as well. The fungus is ubiquitous in the environment and flourishes in rotting vegetation and decaying organic material. The disease is contracted as the result of inhalation of spores. It may also be contracted by oral ingestion, especially if birds are fed moldy seed. The fungus is also capable of penetrating broken skin and egg shells, and so is able to infect a developing embryo.

7. Aspergillosis And Jardine's aspergillosis JARDINE'S PARROTS Credit also goes to Wendy Taylor, Carol Palmore, Dianne Heins, and other members of the Jardine's Parrot list for assistance in research, editing, and suggestions for the list of links. Rose Anne Fiskett of the Potomac Valley Veterinary Hospital for taking the time to answer questions about aspergillosis. http://www.wingscc.com/jardine/aspergillosis.htm

Return to the Jardine Home Page Return to the Jardine Parrot page on the APS Web by Virginia Caputo Credit also goes to Wendy Taylor, Carol Palmore, Dianne Heins, and other members of the Jardine's Parrot list for assistance in research, editing, and suggestions for the list of links. Appreciation and thanks are given to Dr. Rose Anne Fiskett of the Potomac Valley Veterinary Hospital for taking the time to answer questions about aspergillosis. Thirteen Jardine's parrots belonging to members of the Jardine's mailing list have died in the last 3 years due to aspergillosis. Two Jardine's survived the illness. Three Jardine's which were not suffering from aspergillosis died of other causes. The number of people belonging to the Jardine's mailing list is currently 142 but has ranged as high as 165. Jardine's that died from aspergillosis belonged to 10 of them. 6-7% of the Jardine's listmembers have lost a Jardine's parrot due to aspergillosis. 7-8% have had a Jardine's that suffered from aspergillosis. The numbers seem surprisingly high. They are high enough to have alarmed listmembers who own Jardine's parrots and to have caused considerable speculation on the list as to whether Jardine's parrots are more susceptible to aspergillosis than other species of parrots. This article and a survey which is still in the planning stages are the result of that speculation. This is written with the goal of informing all who live with Jardine's about aspergillosis: its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and methods of prevention, especially prevention.

8. ASK THE VET (ASPERGILLOSIS - PART II Diagnosis Of Aspergillosis) Diagnosis of aspergillosis can be difficult. A tentative diagnosis may be made of the basis of physical findings, a http://theaviary.com/s1295-61.shtml

Companion (Pet) Birds Main Page Articles Aviary Shop Area ... Forum Search The Aviary Search this site powered by FreeFind NEWSLETTER Join the Aviary-list our newsletter! Sign up now for twice-a-month tips, advice and more! Forum Talk ASK THE VET (ASPERGILLOSIS - PART II Diagnosis of Aspergillosis) by Linda Pesek, DVM Westbury Animal Hospital 319 Union Avenue Westbury, NY This article first appeared in SQUAWK, the newsletter of the Big Apple Bird Association, and appears here with permission. Aspergillosis is the most frequently occurring fungal infection in birds. All species are susceptible. It may be contracted as the result of inhalation of fungal spores or oral ingestion, especially if birds are fed moldy food or housed on contaminated bedding.Immunocompromised and malnourished birds are most susceptible to the disease. Diagnosis of aspergillosis can be difficult. A tentative diagnosis may be made of the basis of physical findings, a history of environmental conditions suitable for fungal growth, and recent stress. A hemogram may show a significant leukocytosis (elevated white blood cell count) with a heterophilia early in the disease. As the disease becomes more chronic, a monocytosis, lymphopenia, and non-regenerative anemia develop. An increase in total blood protein with a hyperglobulinemia may develop. Deep tracheal cytology and culture may be performed under anesthesia. A positive culture will usually be present in 18 hours. A single colony growth is considered significant.

9. Aspergillus/Aspergillosis Website Aspergillus. What diseases does Aspergillus cause? Allergic bronchopulmonaryaspergillosis (ABPA). This Invasive aspergillosis. Many people http://www.aspergillus.man.ac.uk/languages/faq.htm

Aspergillus Diseases E-mail Discussion Group Frequently Asked Questions Click here to find out some good things about Aspergillus What is Aspergillus What diseases does Aspergillus ... How can someone get onto a drug trial? compiled by Emma Prebble , October 1999. What is Aspergillus The term Aspergillus refers to a group of mould fungi which are found world-wide and are especially known for decaying fruit and vegetables. They are very common in the autumn and winter in the Northern hemisphere. Only a few of these moulds can cause illness in humans and animals, most commonly these are Aspergillus fumigatus Aspergillus niger Aspergillus terreus and Aspergillus flavus . Most people are naturally immune and do not develop disease caused by Aspergillus What diseases does Aspergillus cause? Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) This is a condition which produces an allergy to the spores of the aspergillus moulds. It is quite common in asthmatics; up to 20% of asthmatics might get this at some time during their lives. ABPA is also common in cystic fibrosis patients, as they reach adolescence and adulthood. The symptoms are similar to those of asthma: intermittent episodes of feeling unwell, coughing and wheezing. Some patients cough up brown-coloured plugs of mucus. The diagnosis can be made by X-ray or by sputum, skin and blood tests. In the long term ABPA can lead to permanent lung damage (fibrosis) if untreated. The treatment is with steroids by aerosol or mouth (prednisolone), especially during attacks. Itraconazole (an oral antifungal drug) is useful in reducing the amount of steroids required in those needing medium or high doses. This is beneficial as steroids have side-effects like thinning of the bones (osteoporosis) and skin and weight gain, especially when used for a long time.

10. AEGiS-CATIE INFECTION FIGHTERS Aspergillosis In AIDS Click here to return to CATIE main menu INFECTION FIGHTERS aspergillosis in AIDS Aspergillusantigen detection in the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis. http://www.aegis.com/pubs/catie/1995/cate6109.html

INFECTION FIGHTERS: Aspergillosis in AIDS TreatmentUpdate61; Volume 7, No. 7 - July 1995 Sean Hosein * BACKGROUND The "most common life-threatening mould infection worldwide" is aspergillosis. It is a relatively serious complication seen in people with AIDS and others receiving: + chemotherapy for cancer + transplanted cells/tissues + corticosteroids (more than 10 mg/day) * WHO GETS IT? Although the mould tends to cause infections and complications in people with less than 100 CD4+ cells, cases have occurred in people with CD4+ cell counts greater. Among people with AIDS, there are a number of reports of people first having bacterial pneumonia or PCP followed by aspergillosis. It may be that these other infections weaken or damage the lungs and make it easier for the mould to infect and spread there (in the lungs). * SYMPTOMS Over 70% of cases of aspergillosis reported have occurred in the lungs, thus causing symptoms like: + cough + fever + [shortness of breath] + chest pain + [coughing up blood] Chest X-ray pictures of the lungs usually suggest that there is an infection of some kind.

11. Aspergillosis aspergillosis is a large spectrum of diseases, including bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, invasive aspergillosis and pulmonary aspergilloma. site offers an indepth look into all aspects of invasive aspergillosis. Prognosis depends upon the type and severity http://www.doctorfungus.com/mycoses/human/aspergillus/aspergillosis.htm

Mycoses Introduction Human Veterinary Environmental Industrial Agricultural The Fungi Introduction Descriptions Synonyms Image Bank Lecture Bank Drugs Introduction Medical Veterinary Environmental Industrial Agricultural Laboratory Introduction Susceptibility MIC Database Procedures Histopathology Tools Introduction Abbreviations Links CME Conference Highlights Bibliography Glossary Good Books Events Calendar About Us Introduction Our Mission Editorial Board Editorial Staff Supporters Contributors Developers Legal Stuff This page updated: 1/23/2003 2:09:47 PM Site built and designed for doctorfungus by Webillustrated You are here: Mycoses Introduction Human Veterinary Environmental Industrial Agricultural Navigate this section from here: Select a Fungal Infection Aspergillosis Blastomycosis Candidiasis: General Overview Candidiasis: Invasive Forms Overview - Arthritis - Asymptomatic Colonization - Biliary - Candidemia - Candidemia and Catheters - Cardiac - CNS: General - CNS: Neurosurgery-related - Chronic Candidiasis - Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis - Cutaneous - Empirical Therapy: Neonates - Empirical Therapy: Neutropenic - Empirical Therapy: Non-Neutropenic - Endophthalmitis - Esophagitis - Four Forms of Invasive Candidiasis - Hepatosplenic - Neonatal - Onychomycosis (Nail infections) - Oropharyngeal - Osteomyelitis - Pancreatic - Peritonitis - Peritonitis: Dialysis-related - Peritonitis: Gut injury-related - Pneumonia - Urinary: General - Urinary: Asymptomatic funguria - Urinary: Fungus balls - Vulvovaginitis Coccidioidomycosis Cryptococcosis Histoplasmosis: Overview

12. Aspergillosis Updated Oct 31, 2002. aspergillosis is infection with a fungus called Aspergillus. http://www.aidsmap.com/treatments/ixdata/english/53F61FA4-56F4-423A-863B-23783F8

take me to... News What's new Treatments - Treatments overview - Anti-HIV therapy - A-Z of drugs - Emerging therapies - Medical tests - Symptoms and illnesses - Clinical trials - The Wheel A treatment planner Introductions to HIV/AIDS - HIV/AIDS basics - HIV/AIDS statistics - About HIV treatments - About side effects Global Issues - Intro to global issues - About the epidemic - Prevention technology - Public Health - Community action Int. HIV/AIDS Alliance - About the Alliance - Alliance news - Alliance publications Online publications - Factsheets - Patient Information Series - AIDS Treatment Update AIDS orgs worldwide NAM's bookshop Online Discussions Search aidsmap Links Online Help Who produces aidsmap? Privacy statement Aspergillosis Updated: Oct 31, 2002 Aspergillosis is infection with a fungus called Aspergillus . This is found throughout the world in a variety of species, usually in decaying vegetation and soil. It is quite rare for anyone, including people with HIV, to experience problems from exposure to

13. MEDLINEplus Medical Encyclopedia: Aspergillosis aspergillosis. Definition Return to top aspergillosis is an infection,a growth, or an allergic response caused by the Aspergillus fungus. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001326.htm

Skip navigation Medical Encyclopedia Other encyclopedia topics: A-Ag Ah-Ap Aq-Az B-Bk ... Z Aspergillosis Contents of this page: Illustrations Definition Causes, incidence, and risk factors Symptoms ... Prevention Illustrations Aspergilloma Pulmonary aspergillosis Aspergillosis - chest X-ray Definition Return to top Aspergillosis is an infection, a growth, or an allergic response caused by the Aspergillus fungus. Causes, incidence, and risk factors Return to top Aspergillosis is caused by a fungus ( Aspergillus ), which is commonly found growing on dead leaves, stored grain, compost piles, or in other decaying vegetation. It causes illness in three ways: as an allergic reaction in people with asthma Pulmonary aspergillosis - allergic bronchopulmonary type ); as a colonization and growth in an old healed lung cavity from previous disease (such as tuberculosis or lung abscess ) where it produces a fungus ball called aspergilloma ; and as an invasive infection with pneumonia that is spread to other parts of the body by the bloodstream ( Pulmonary aspergillosis - invasive type The invasive infection can affect the eye, causing

14. MEDLINEplus Medical Encyclopedia: Pulmonary Aspergillosis - Invasive Type Pulmonary aspergillosis invasive type. Alternative names Return totop Acute invasive aspergillosis; aspergillosis - acute invasive. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000106.htm

Skip navigation Medical Encyclopedia Other encyclopedia topics: A-Ag Ah-Ap Aq-Az B-Bk ... Z Pulmonary aspergillosis - invasive type Contents of this page: Illustrations Alternative names Definition Causes, incidence, and risk factors ... Prevention Illustrations Aspergilloma Pulmonary aspergillosis Aspergillosis - chest X-ray Fungus Alternative names Return to top Acute invasive aspergillosis; Aspergillosis - acute invasive Definition Return to top An acute infection of the lungs caused by a fungus that produces illness almost exclusively in immunosuppressed or immunodeficient people. Causes, incidence, and risk factors Return to top Aspergillosis is caused by a fungus (aspergillus) that is commonly found in the environment. It grows on dead leaves, stored grain, bird droppings, compost piles, or other decaying vegetation. It lung disease in three ways: as an allergic reaction in people with asthma ; as a fungus ball (aspergilloma) in an old healed lung cavity from previous disease such as tuberculosis or lung abscess , and as an invasive infection with pneumonia that may spread to other parts of the body by the bloodstream (invasive aspergillosis). Only the invasive infection is called invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and is much more serious than the other types of aspergillosis. The invasive infection can affect any organ of the body, but especially the heart, lungs, brain, and kidneys. Late in the course of the disease, the nervous system, skin, and other organs may become affected.

15. Aspergillosis An article from The Grey Play Round Table®; Thank you for visiting Africangreys.com aspergillosis Natural Prevention and Healing Methods By Alicia McWatters, PhD, CNC THIS ARTICLE IS CURRENTLY BEING REWRITTEN BY Dr. McWatters. http://www.africangreys.com/articles/nutrition/aspergilliosis.htm

An article from The Grey Play Round Table®; Thank you for visiting Africangreys.com Aspergillosis: Natural Prevention and Healing Methods... By Alicia McWatters, PhD, CNC THIS ARTICLE IS CURRENTLY BEING RE-WRITTEN BY Dr. McWatters. IT WILL BE POSTED AGAIN WHEN THE REVISION IS AVAILABLE. Alicia McWatters resides in New Mexico with her family, a flock of five companion birds and many animal friends. She bred African Greys and Pionus Parrots for many years, and currently works as a holistic avian nutritional consultant. She can be reached for a private consultation at (505) 281-5168 and to order her book , "A Guide to a Naturally Healthy Bird." form or by any means, without permission of the author. VISIT OUR NEW SITE - www.africanature.com Click HERE NOW! The Grey Place is a Servicemark of Equatorial Group, LTD. Having trouble placing your order? Click here! Paying by Check Click here for the address If you have any questions / comments about this site, please contact our webmaster This site is created and maintained by

16. ASK THE VET (ASPERGILLOSIS - PART II Diagnosis Of Aspergillosis) Forum Talk. ASK THE VET (aspergillosis PART II Diagnosis of aspergillosis). Treatmentof aspergillosis involves several objectives http://www.theaviary.com/s1295-61.shtml

Companion (Pet) Birds Main Page Articles Aviary Shop Area ... Forum Search The Aviary Search this site powered by FreeFind NEWSLETTER Join the Aviary-list our newsletter! Sign up now for twice-a-month tips, advice and more! Forum Talk ASK THE VET (ASPERGILLOSIS - PART II Diagnosis of Aspergillosis) by Linda Pesek, DVM Westbury Animal Hospital 319 Union Avenue Westbury, NY This article first appeared in SQUAWK, the newsletter of the Big Apple Bird Association, and appears here with permission. Aspergillosis is the most frequently occurring fungal infection in birds. All species are susceptible. It may be contracted as the result of inhalation of fungal spores or oral ingestion, especially if birds are fed moldy food or housed on contaminated bedding.Immunocompromised and malnourished birds are most susceptible to the disease. Diagnosis of aspergillosis can be difficult. A tentative diagnosis may be made of the basis of physical findings, a history of environmental conditions suitable for fungal growth, and recent stress. A hemogram may show a significant leukocytosis (elevated white blood cell count) with a heterophilia early in the disease. As the disease becomes more chronic, a monocytosis, lymphopenia, and non-regenerative anemia develop. An increase in total blood protein with a hyperglobulinemia may develop. Deep tracheal cytology and culture may be performed under anesthesia. A positive culture will usually be present in 18 hours. A single colony growth is considered significant.

17. Aspergillosis aspergillosis is a large spectrum of diseases, including bronchopulmonaryaspergillosis, invasive aspergillosis and pulmonary aspergilloma. http://www.doctorfungus.org/mycoses/human/aspergillus/aspergillosis.htm

Mycoses Introduction Human Veterinary Environmental Industrial Agricultural The Fungi Introduction Descriptions Synonyms Image Bank Lecture Bank Drugs Introduction Medical Veterinary Environmental Industrial Agricultural Laboratory Introduction Susceptibility MIC Database Procedures Histopathology Tools Introduction Abbreviations Links CME Conference Highlights Bibliography Glossary Good Books Events Calendar About Us Introduction Our Mission Editorial Board Editorial Staff Supporters Contributors Developers Legal Stuff This page updated: 1/23/2003 2:09:47 PM Site built and designed for doctorfungus by Webillustrated You are here: Mycoses Introduction Human Veterinary Environmental Industrial Agricultural Navigate this section from here: Select a Fungal Infection Aspergillosis Blastomycosis Candidiasis: General Overview Candidiasis: Invasive Forms Overview - Arthritis - Asymptomatic Colonization - Biliary - Candidemia - Candidemia and Catheters - Cardiac - CNS: General - CNS: Neurosurgery-related - Chronic Candidiasis - Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis - Cutaneous - Empirical Therapy: Neonates - Empirical Therapy: Neutropenic - Empirical Therapy: Non-Neutropenic - Endophthalmitis - Esophagitis - Four Forms of Invasive Candidiasis - Hepatosplenic - Neonatal - Onychomycosis (Nail infections) - Oropharyngeal - Osteomyelitis - Pancreatic - Peritonitis - Peritonitis: Dialysis-related - Peritonitis: Gut injury-related - Pneumonia - Urinary: General - Urinary: Asymptomatic funguria - Urinary: Fungus balls - Vulvovaginitis Coccidioidomycosis Cryptococcosis Histoplasmosis: Overview

18. Focus On Fungal Infections Newsletter- Focus On Invasive Aspergillosis Focus on Invasive aspergillosis Dr. Patterson from the University of Texas HealthScience Center at San Antonio reviewed the difficulties in diagnosing and http://www.doctorfungus.org/educatio/conf_highlights/focus12/newsl_aspergillosis

Tools Introduction Abbreviations Links CME Conference Highlights Bibliography Glossary Good Books Events Calendar The Fungi Introduction Descriptions Synonyms Image Bank Lecture Bank Mycoses Introduction Human Veterinary Environmental Industrial Agricultural Drugs Introduction Medical Veterinary Environmental Industrial Agricultural Laboratory Introduction Susceptibility MIC Database Procedures Histopathology About Us Introduction Our Mission Editorial Board Editorial Staff Supporters Contributors Developers Legal Stuff This page updated: Site built and designed for doctorfungus by Webillustrated You are here: Introduction Abbreviations Links CME Conference Highlight Glossary Good Books Events Calendar Focus on Fungal Infections Newsletter Focus on Invasive Aspergillosis Dr. Patterson from the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio reviewed the difficulties in diagnosing and treating refractory invasive aspergillosis (IA). Dr. Patterson began by presenting data showing the increase in mortality from Aspergillus infections since the 1980s. This increase is reported in a recent review by Lin and colleagues, who reviewed 1,941 patients from 50 studies. The overall mortality rate was 58% in patients with IA. In BMT patients, however, mortality was greater than 90%, a result of severe immunosuppression and underlying disease according to Dr. Patterson. These data suggest that dramatic changes are needed in the approach to treating IA, especially in severely immunocompromised patients.

19. Aspergillosis . aspergillosis is a fungal disease of the respiratorytract of birds and mammals usually caused by Aspergillus fumigatus....... aspergillosis. http://www.michigan.gov/dnr/0,1607,7-153-10370_12150_12220-26360--,00.html

Skip Navigation Michigan.gov Home DNR Home Links ... Research Projects Aspergillosis Description Aspergillosis is a fungal disease of the respiratory tract of birds and mammals usually caused by Aspergillus fumigatus. A. flavus, A. niger, A. nidulans, A. terreus, A. glaucus and Penicillium sp. have also been identified as pathogenic. Aspergillosis was one of the first mycoses of birds to be identified, being first observed in a wild scaup duck in 1813. The disease usually occurs either sporadically (chronic) or in an acute epizootic form. Distribution Aspergillosis has a worldwide distribution having been reported in almost all domestic mammals and birds and in numerous wild species. Aspergillus sp. organisms are capable of living both a saprophytic and parasitic way of life and susceptible hosts have numerous opportunities to contact this agent. Aspergillosis is most often seen in wild and captive birds. Aquatic and scavenging wild species have the highest incidence rate while captive species are most susceptible when first subjected to captivity. This is especially true when an extended transporting is required in overcrowded and unhygienic conditions. In Michigan, aspergillosis has been identified as a mortality factor in the mallard, canvasback, redhead, wood duck, common merganser, black duck, teal, Canada goose, mute swan, tundra swan, whistling swan, ring-billed gull, herring gull, Sichuan pheasant, ring-necked pheasant, ruffed grouse, wild turkey, raven, evening grosbeak, rose-breasted grosbeak, eastern bluebird, American robin, common grackle, peregrine falcon, red-tailed hawk, bald eagle, purple martin, snowy owl, great horned owl, black duck and common loon.

20. Pulmonology - Pulmonary Aspergillosis Pulmonology. PULMONARY aspergillosis. RATIONALE Invasive Aspergillusinfection is often fatal in the immunocompromised patient. Allergic http://www.mc.vanderbilt.edu/peds/pidl/pulmon/aspergil.htm

PIDL Home/ Contents Development Nutrition Acute Illness ... Psychosocial Pulmonology PULMONARY ASPERGILLOSIS RATIONALE: Invasive Aspergillus infection is often fatal in the immunocompromised patient. Allergic alveolitis may also be a manifestion of this fungal infection The genus aspergillus is the most commonly encountered fungus in man's environment. The fungus has a low pathogenicity and the clinical syndromes produced by it are dependent upon the patient's immune status, both local pulmonary and systemic, and the immunopathogenetic mechanism dominant in the individual patient. A schematic representation of the immunopathogenetic mechanisms in pulmonary aspergillosis is shown in Figure 1, and the classification of pulmonary aspergillosis syndromes in Table 1. In saprophytic colonization the aspergillus colonizes the airways where it grows and multiplies without evidence of tissue damage. Some patient's mount an immunogenic response manifested by the presence of serum precipitins, immediate skin reactivity, and an Arthus skin reactivity to aspergillus. Saprophytic colonization tends to occur in patients with chronic pulmonary disease particularly obstructive airway disease and cystic fibrosis. Corticosteroids used in chronic asthma may predispose to colonization by aspergillus. The term aspergilloma is used to describe a ball of fungus formed by tangled mycelia in the lung. Aspergilloma is another saprophytic manifestation of aspergillus. Any intrathoracic cavity whether bronchial, parenchymatous, or pleural, can become colonized if it communicates with the bronchial tree. The most common antecedent diseases which lead to cavitary lesions superinfected by aspergillus are chronic tuberculosis and chronic pulmonary sarcoidosis. After inhalation the spores settle in the pre- existing cavities where they germinate on the wall and produce a dichotomously branching mycelia. The mycelial elements along with the cellular debris from the host form a fungus ball.

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