61. Lecture 38 - Basal Ganglia - Motor Dysfunction Related To Basal Certain diseases which are associated with disruption of transmitter systemsin the basal ganglia, produce characteristic movement disorders. http://nba5.med.uth.tmc.edu/academic/neuroscience/lectures/section_3/lecture38_1

62. Cognitive Deficits Following Stroke In The Basal Ganglia In the present article the impact of basal ganglia lesions on cognitive functions Otherstudies focus on degenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease or http://www.nici.kun.nl/Publications/1998/11169.html

NICI Publications Information News ... E-mail Reference Hochstenbach, J.B.H., Van Spaendonck, K.P.M., Cools, A.R. Horstink, M.W.I.M. Clinical Rehabilitation, 12 Abstract About this site... This page was rendered at 27-03-2003; 05:55:08.

63. UR Faculty: Suzanne N. Haber Neuroscience. Research basal ganglia and Degenerative diseases. ContactInformation EMail suzanne_haber@urmc.rochester.edu. University http://www.urmc.rochester.edu/gebs/faculty/suzanne_haber.htm

Departments Educational Programs Graduate Education Admissions: Fast Apps: Apply Online... - International PDF Downloads... - Preliminary App - Biomed PhD App - more Degree Apps Instructions Only... - All PhDs - All Masters Ph.D. (1978) Stanford University Suzanne N. Haber, Ph.D. Professor of Pharmacology and Physiology Primary Appointment: Pharmacology and Physiology GEBS Cluster Affiliations: CMM -Cellular and Molecular Basis of Medicine NS -Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Neuroscience Research: Basal Ganglia and Degenerative Diseases Contact Information: E-Mail: suzanne_haber@urmc.rochester.edu University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 603 Rochester, New York 14642 Medical Center 5-6518 Phone: (585) 275-6959 Fax: (585) 273-2652 Research Overview Dr. Haber's laboratory investigates the chemical, molecular, and anatomical organization of the basal ganglia and how it integrates information from different cortical regions. The basal ganglia comprises a diverse group of structures involved in motor control, reward and motivation, and cognition.

64. Introduction_page In earlier literature, the basal ganglia and its motor circuit were referred to Symptoms,Syndromes and diseases MovDis can be divided into two types depending http://movdisrn.neuroinstitute.org/introduc.htm

A Brief Introduction to Movement Disorders The following is an abbreviated version of the paper "An Introduction to Movement Disorder for the Neuroscience Nurse" (Hagell et al., International Brain Waves 1998; 6(1): 5-7+insert). Introduction and Definition Movement disorders (MovDis) is a subspeciality of neuroscience that has its base in neurology but with implications in other fields, e.g. neurosurgery, psychiatry, neuropsychology, geriatrics, pediatrics, rehabilitation, long-term care and genetics. The term Mov Dis has been used for approximately 20 years now and has, despite being somewhat controversial, gained acceptance within the neuroscience community. The term MovDis can be defined as: "... neurological syndromes in which there is either an excess of movement... or a paucity of voluntary and automatic movements, unrelated to weakness or spasticity." (Stanley Fahn 1996) In addition to this definition, it should be added that even though there are MovDis originating from other structures within the nervous system, a general rule is that MovDis are caused by dysfunction of the basal ganglia and/or its direct functional connections within the CNS. It is thus important to be aware of the distinction between MovDis and mobility disorders. For example, paresis and spasticity secondary to stroke are not defined as MovDis. Further, conditions like e.g. epilepsy and multiple sclerosis (MS) are not considered MovDis, although they frequently manifest themselves with one or several MovDis signs.

65. ¼BºÖ²M¦Ñ®v²¤¶ also to the development of therapeutic approaches to neurological diseases. differentiationof striatal neurons and neuronal plasticity in the basal ganglia. http://www.ym.edu.tw/nsi/teacher/Liu.html

¼BºÖ²M ( Dr. Fu-Chin Liu ) ¾Ç¾ú¡GMassachusetts Institute of Technology, Ph.D., 1991 Ápµ¸¹q¸Ü¡G(02) 2826-7216¡@ ¶Ç¯u¡G(02) 2820-0259¡@ e-mail¡G fuchin@ym.edu.tw Research Topics: Neural Development and Plasticity of the Basal Ganglia in the Mammalian Ventral Forebrain Research Description: Selected Publications: Liu F-C , Takahashi H, McKay RDG, Graybiel AM (1995) Dopaminergic regulation of transcription factor expression in organotypic cultures of developing striatum. J Neurosci Liu F-C , Graybiel AM (1996) Spatiotemporal dynamics of CREB phosphorylation: Transient versus sustained phosphorylation in the developing striatum. Neuron Liu F-C , Graybiel AM (1998) Region-dependent dynamics of cAMP response element-binding protein phosphorylation in the basal ganglia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA Liu F-C , Graybiel AM (1999) Neural development of the striatal dopamine system. In: The Development of Dopaminergic Neurons, (U. di Porzio , Pernas-Alonso R, C.Perrone-Capano eds). Landes Biosciences, Texas, pp.87-100. Wang H-F

66. GeneReviews: Diseases And Overviews AtaxiaTelangiectasia Atelosteogenesis Type 2 BRCA1 and BRCA2 Hereditary BreastCancer basal ganglia Calcification, Familial Idiopathic Beckwith-Wiedemann http://www.geneclinics.org/profiles/all.html

University of Washington, Seattle About Search Options GeneReviews Laboratory Directory GeneReviews Index of Review Titles The following is a list of titles in the GeneReviews database. If your search term is not listed below, try searching for your term. A B C D ... Contact Us Children's Health System and University of Washington, Seattle Funding Support National Institutes of Health Health Resources and Services Administration US Department of Energy Technical Support University of Washington Seattle, Washington Administrative Support University of Washington School of Medicine Children's Hospital Regional Medical Center Seattle, Washington

67. GeneClinics: Diseases And Overviews Telangiectasia Atelosteogenesis Type 2 BRCA1 and BRCA2 Hereditary Breast/OvarianCancer basal ganglia Calcification, Familial Idiopathic BeckwithWiedemann http://www.geneclinics.org/profiles/

Funded by NIH, HRSA, and DOE Index of Review Titles The following is a list of titles of reviews in the GeneReviews database. If your search term is not listed below, try searching for your term. A B C D ... Contact Us Children's Health System and University of Washington, Seattle Funding Support National Institutes of Health Health Resources and Services Administration US Department of Energy Technical Support University of Washington Seattle, Washington Administrative Support University of Washington School of Medicine Children's Hospital Regional Medical Center Seattle, Washington

68. 2002 Greenberg - Basal Ganglia Review While diseases of the basal ganglia can impair learning of sensorimotorskills,. Tasks such as mirror tracing that improve with practice. http://www.bio.utk.edu/Neils.nsf/9e9a470d5230cdda852563ef0059fa56/89b6c6545b8412

69. Neuroguide.com - Neuroscience Online Exams And Tutorials Disorders of the basal ganglia, Spinal Cord and Cerebellum (University of California,Davis). In Situ AdultOnset Neurodegenerative diseases (HMS Beagle Review http://www.neuroguide.com/neuroresac_3_neuroscience_diseases.html

Home Help Table of Contents Recent Additions ... MSActiveSource - Click Here Neuroscience Online Exams and Tutorials Table of Contents of This Section Biology Genes Glossary, prefixes, terms, etc. Research ... Techniques (including Diagnosis and Concepts) Neuroscience: Diseases Alzheimer's Disease Society - Memory Quiz Chemical Neurolysis (Nerve Blocks) - RehabNET Coma (University of California, Davis) Convulsive Disorders (University of California, Davis) ... WHO 2000 Classification of Brain Tumors (images and descriptions) To Table of Contents of This Page To the Top of This Page Neurosciences on the Internet http://www.neuroguide.com/ Neil A. Busis, M.D. nab@neuroguide.com Back to Neurosciences on the Internet Home Page

70. Nomenclature EXAMINATION, TECHNOLOGY; BARTTER SYNDROME; basal ganglia; basal ganglia,CALCIFICATION; basal ganglia, CT; basal ganglia, diseases; basal ganglia http://www.med.univ-rennes1.fr/cerf/iradiology/b_radio.html

INDEX RADIOLOGY A B C D ... Z B BACILLUS CALMETTE-GUERIN (BCG) BACTERIA BALLOONS USE CATHETERS AND CATHETERIZATION BARIUM BARIUM ENEMA EXAMINATION BARIUM ENEMA EXAMINATION, COMPLICATIONS BARIUM ENEMA EXAMINATION, TECHNOLOGY BARTTER SYNDROME BASAL GANGLIA BASAL GANGLIA, CALCIFICATION BASAL GANGLIA, CT BASAL GANGLIA, DISEASES BASAL GANGLIA, MR BASAL GANGLIA, NEOPLASMS BASE OF SKULL USE SKULL, BASE BATTERED CHILDREN USE CHILDREN, INJURIES ; INFANTS, INJURIES BERYLLIUM BEZOAR BILE DUCT RADIOGRAPHY BULE DUCT RADIOGRAPHY, CONTRAST MEDIA BULE DUCT RADIOGRAPHY, INTRAOPERATIVE BULE DUCT RADIOGRAPHY, TECHNOLOGY BILE DUCTS USE ALSO GALLBLADDER BILE DUCTS, ABNORMALITIES BILE DUCTS, ANATOMY BILE DUCTS, BIOPSY BILE DUCTS, CALCULI BILE DUCTS, CT BILE DUCTS, CYSTS BILE DUCTS, DISEASES BILE DUCTS, ENDOSCOPIC DRAINAGE BILE DUCTS, ENLARGED BILE DUCTS, HEMORRAGHE BILE DUCTS, INFLAMMATION USE CHOLANGITIS BILE DUCTS, INJURIES BILE DUCTS, INTERVENTIONAL PROCEDURE BILE DUCTS, LEAKAGE BILE DUCTS, MR BILE DUCTS, NEOPLASMS BILE DUCTS, OBSTRUCTION USE BILE DUCTS, STENOSIS OR OBSTRUCTION BILE DUCTS, PERCUTANEOUS DRAINAGE

71. Diseases And Conditions -- Discovery Health -- Trembling nervous system. Damage to areas of the brain called the cerebellum andbasal ganglia are most likely to cause trembling. basal ganglia http://health.discovery.com/diseasesandcond/encyclopedia/3242.html

trembling By Adam Brochert, MD The term trembling is generally used to describe involuntary or unintentional shaking. What is going on in the body? Many people have experienced trembling before. It can happen when a person is cold or nervous. However, trembling has many causes, and some of those causes can be quite serious. What are the signs and symptoms of the condition? When a person complains of trembling, the healthcare provider will want to know: exactly what the trembling is like when the trembling started whether it is constant or occurs only sometimes what areas of the body are affected, such as the whole body or only one arm whether the trembling is related to movement or occurs at rest whether there is any family history of trembling what medications the person may be taking what medical conditions the person may have any other symptoms the person may be having Other questions may also be asked. What are the causes and risks of the condition? There are many possible causes of trembling. These include: strong emotion, such as fear, anger, or anxiety

72. MedCirca.com | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins basal cell carcinoma. basal ganglia. basal ganglia cerebrovascular disease. basalganglia diseases. basal ganglia hemorrhage. basal insulin. basal metabolism. http://www.medcirca.com/indexhome.asp?page=b

73. Spectrum Winter 2001 - In This Issue a small surgical change in one small area of its basal ganglia, it will such resultsfuel undue optimism about easy remedies for human addictions or diseases. http://web.mit.edu/giving/spectrum/winter01/changing-habits.html

Changing Habits Brain Studies May Help Us Overcome Destructive Behaviors As many of us are reminded each New Year's Day, there's nothing quite so relentlessly and painfully recalcitrant as a bad habit. Sure, most of us have had successes along the way. But there are usually one or two habits – a persistent weakness for chocolate, an inability to leave your car keys where they're supposed to go – that seem basically unshakable. "We live mostly by habit," says Ann Graybiel, an MIT professor of brain and cognitive sciences, who wants to find out why we persist in certain behaviors. She hopes her efforts will someday yield remedies for unwanted habits. Ann Graybiel, an MIT professor of brain and cognitive sciences, wants to find out why we persist in certain behaviors. She hopes her efforts will someday help yield remedies for unwanted habits. Graybiel is quick to note that many habits are good. If we had to plan out every step each time we wanted to, say, start the car, daily existence would be a monumental struggle. "We live mostly by habit," she observes. But she also says that all habits seem to stem from generally similar types of brain activity. "If we can understand that mechanism," says Graybiel, "I personally believe that we will find new ways to change behaviors that are destructive."

74. Basal Ganglia Research Group: News BETTER treatments for addiction. and brain diseases including Parkinson's andschizophrenia are likely after a New Zealand scientific team's discovery. http://anatomy.otago.ac.nz/basal_ganglia_research/news.html

News Personnel Publications Research Positions Available ... Basal Ganglia Research Group News Brain research recognised By John Gibb and NZPA Life has been good this week for University of Otago scientist Associate Prof Jeffrey Wickens. The same week the prestigious international journal Nature published an article on his innovative brain research, Prof Wickens, coincidentally, also landed a $600,000 grant to continue his work. Prof Wickens, of the Otago department of anatomy and structural biology, heads one of only 10 main Otago research projects which received grants from the Government's Marsden Fund in the latest round. Gaining the funds was a "fantastic" outcome, enabling his research team to continue work, he said in an interview. The outcome also showed that it was possible to initiate international class research within New Zealand, he said. The Nature article, by Prof Wickens, Research Fellow Dr John Reynolds, also of the anatomy department, and Dr Brian Hyland, a senior lecturer in physiology, shows that a "reward" chemical, dopamine, primes the brain for learning.

75. Anton J. Reiner, Ph.D. With respect to the function and diseases of basal ganglia, two issues are beingexplored 1) how do the different types of neurons differ in their role in http://an.utmem.edu/main/faculty/Reiner_cv.html

ANTON J. REINER, PH.D. Professor Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology Address The University of Tennessee, Memphis 855 Monroe Avenue Memphis, TN 38163 Tel: (901) 448-8298; Fax: (901) 448-7193 Education Ph.D. Institution : Bryn Mawr College, Department of Psychology Postdoctoral : State University of New York at Stony Brook, Department of Neurobiology and Behavior Research Interests The work in this laboratory focuses on the organization, function, and diseases of the basal ganglia and visual system, and on the evolution and fundamental organization of the vertebrate forebrain. With respect to basal ganglia organization and function, we are exploring the neural substrate by which different types of cortical and basal ganglia neurons differ in their role in movement control. We are particularly interested in whether different types of cortical neurons communicate with different types of basal ganglia neurons to mediate different aspects of movement control. To address such issues, we use LM and EM labeling methods (pathway tracing, immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization) in various combinations to determine the neurotransmitters used by specific cells types, the inputs and outputs of those cells types, and the receptor mechanisms involved in those inputs and outputs. In our work on basal ganglia disease, we study the means by which the gene mutation in Huntington's disease leads to selective destruction of neurons in the striatal part of the basal ganglia. We use experimental animal models and genetically engineered mice, and we have been particularly interested in the possibility that the mutation perturbs the function of cortical neurons projecting to striatum so as to render them injurious to their target striatal neurons. This injury process could involve excess glutamate release from corticostriatal terminals or diminished production by corticostriatal neurons of neurotrophic factors needed for survival by striatal neurons.

76. Virtual Children's Hospital: Functional Anatomy Of Basal Ganglia Resource from the University of Iowa Virtual Hospital on the anatomy of the basal ganglia. Review gross features and neuronal populations. http://www.vh.org/Providers/Textbooks/BasalGanglia/BasalGanglia.html

Functional Anatomy of Basal Ganglia Adel K. Afifi, M.D. Professor Departments of Pediatrics, Anatomy and Cell Biology, and Neurology Gary Van Hoesen, Ph.D. Professor Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology Antoine Bechara, Ph.D., M.D. Assistant Professor Department of Neurology Robert Rodnitzky, M.D. Professor Department of Neurology The University of Iowa Peer Review Status: Internally Peer Reviewed Creation Date: October 1998 Last Revision Date: October 1998 Table of Contents Definitions and Nomenclature Basal Ganglia Corpus Striatum Striatum, Dorsal Striatum and Neostriatum Ventral Striatum Pallidum and Paleostriatum Lentiform Neucleus Extrapyramidal System Gross Features Neuronal Populations Connections Input to Neostriatum Corticostriate Input Thalamostriate Input Mesencephalostriate Input Output of Neostriatum Input to Globus Pallidus and Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Output of Internal Segment of Globus Pallidus and Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Output of External Segment of Globus Pallidus Subthalamic Nucleus Connections Connections of Ventral (Limbic) Striatum Cortico-Striato-Thalamo-Cortical Loops Function Blood Supply Clinical Correlates Chorea Athetosis Ballism Dystonia Motor Tics Parkinson's Disease Tables Blood Supply of Basal Ganglia Figures Schematic Diagram of the Direct and Indirect Corticostriate Projections Schematic Diagram of Nigrostriatal Pathway Schematic Diagram of the Direct and Indirect Striatopallidal Pathways Schematic Diagram of the Major Connections of the Basal Ganglia ... Coronal Brain Section from a Patient with Huntington's Chorea Showing Atrophy of the Caudate Nucleus See related Provider Textbooks about

77. Basal Ganglia Calcification a CHORUS notecard document about basal ganglia calcification basal ganglia calcification. idiopathic normal variant (50%) http://chorus.rad.mcw.edu/doc/00036.html

CHORUS Collaborative Hypertext of Radiology Nervous system Feedback Search basal ganglia calcification idiopathic: normal variant abnormal calcium metabolism hyperparathyroidism hypo- pseudohypo- , and pseudo-pseudohypoparathyroidism ToRCHS infection (esp. CMV, toxo) tuberous sclerosis Cockayne syndrome Fahr syndrome (ferrocalcinosis) lipoid proteinosis (hyalinosis cutis) Charles E. Kahn, Jr., MD - 2 February 1995 Last updated 14 March 2001 Medical College of Wisconsin

78. Virtual Children's Hospital: Functional Anatomy Of Basal Ganglia Functional Anatomy of basal ganglia. Chorea; Athetosis; Ballism; Dystonia;Motor Tics; Parkinson's Disease. Tables Blood Supply of basal ganglia. http://www.vh.org/adult/provider/anatomy/BasalGanglia/BasalGanglia.html

Functional Anatomy of Basal Ganglia Adel K. Afifi, M.D. Professor Departments of Pediatrics, Anatomy and Cell Biology, and Neurology Gary Van Hoesen, Ph.D. Professor Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology Antoine Bechara, Ph.D., M.D. Assistant Professor Department of Neurology Robert Rodnitzky, M.D. Professor Department of Neurology The University of Iowa Peer Review Status: Internally Peer Reviewed Creation Date: October 1998 Last Revision Date: October 1998 Table of Contents Definitions and Nomenclature Basal Ganglia Corpus Striatum Striatum, Dorsal Striatum and Neostriatum Ventral Striatum Pallidum and Paleostriatum Lentiform Neucleus Extrapyramidal System Gross Features Neuronal Populations Connections Input to Neostriatum Corticostriate Input Thalamostriate Input Mesencephalostriate Input Output of Neostriatum Input to Globus Pallidus and Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Output of Internal Segment of Globus Pallidus and Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Output of External Segment of Globus Pallidus Subthalamic Nucleus Connections Connections of Ventral (Limbic) Striatum Cortico-Striato-Thalamo-Cortical Loops Function Blood Supply Clinical Correlates Chorea Athetosis Ballism Dystonia Motor Tics Parkinson's Disease Tables Blood Supply of Basal Ganglia Figures Schematic Diagram of the Direct and Indirect Corticostriate Projections Schematic Diagram of Nigrostriatal Pathway Schematic Diagram of the Direct and Indirect Striatopallidal Pathways Schematic Diagram of the Major Connections of the Basal Ganglia ... Coronal Brain Section from a Patient with Huntington's Chorea Showing Atrophy of the Caudate Nucleus See related Provider Textbooks about

79. Virtual Children's Hospital: Functional Anatomy Of Basal Ganglia: Table 1: Blood Table 1 Blood Supply of basal ganglia System/AIDS, Kidneys and Urinary System, Lungsand Breathing, Mouth and Teeth, Neurologic DiseasesGeneral, Neurological http://www.vh.org/adult/provider/anatomy/BasalGanglia/Table1.html

For Providers Functional Anatomy of Basal Ganglia Table 1: Blood Supply of Basal Ganglia Adel K. Afifi, M.D. Gary Van Hoesen, Ph.D. Antoine Bechara, Ph.D., M.D. Robert Rodnitzky, M.D. Peer Review Status: Internally Peer Reviewed Table 1: Blood Supply of Basal Ganglia Middle Cerebral, Lateral Striate Branch Anterior Cerebral, Medial Striate Branch Internal Carotid, Anterior Choroidal Caudate nucleaus Head Body Tail Putamen Rostral Caudal Globus pallidus Lateral Medial Previous Page Title Page See related Provider Textbooks about Anatomy and Cell Biology See related Provider Topics Anatomy Anatomy and Cell Biology Blood/Lymphatic System Bones, Joints and Muscles ... Procedures and Therapies or Skin, Hair and Nails See related Patient Topics Blood/Lymphatic System Bones, Joints and Muscles Brain and Nervous System Diagnostic Imaging ... Procedures and Therapies or Skin, Hair and Nails Virtual Hospital Home Virtual Children's Hospital Home Site Map ... UI Health Care Home http://www.vh.org/adult/provider/anatomy/BasalGanglia/Table1.html

80. Parkinson's Disease Tutorial basal ganglia Animation Simulating the System Underlying Parkinson's Disease(To view this animation, you'll need to download the Shockwave plugin). http://www.sci.sdsu.edu/multimedia/basalgang/

SDSU Home Sciences Home Sciences Site Map Feedback Parkinson's Disease Basal Ganglia Animation Simulating the System Underlying Parkinson's Disease (To view this animation, you'll need to download the Shockwave plugin) Description of this animation What is the importance of this animation? developed for The Freshman Neuroscience Course, Winter 1995 Loma Linda University School of Medicine Course Coordinator: Michael Kirby, Ph.D. For the "Introduction to Motor Systems" lecture of A. Douglas Will, M.D.. Dr. Doug Will was the inspiration behind this animation, and it serves as a great help to medical students. This Shocked animation was created in collaboration with Jeff Sale . If you are interested in obtaining more information about this animation, please send email to jsale@sunstroke.sdsu.edu

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