61. Blepharospasm And Facial Spasm blepharospasm and Facial Spasm. Dan Boghen, MD, FRCP(C). spasm (hemifacialspasm). GO TO TOP. blepharospasm. Essential blepharospasm is http://www.ophthalmic.hyperguides.com/Tutorials/neuro/facial/tutorial.asp

You've spent minutes on Ophthalmic Hyperguide Blepharospasm and Facial Spasm Dan Boghen, MD, FRCP(C) Introduction Blepharospasm Facial Spasm References Introduction The two most common conditions that are characterized by involuntary movements of the face are blepharospasm and facial spasm (hemifacial spasm). Blepharospasm Essential blepharospasm is a chronic disorder characterized by an involuntary clonic (repetitive) or tonic (sustained) bilateral closure of the eyelids. Long believed to be of functional origin, blepharospasm is now considered to be a cranial dystonia. When the involuntary contractions also affect other cranial and cervical muscles, as is the case in the majority of patients, the disorder is known as the Meige syndrome, or craniocervical dystonia. The muscles that may be involved in Meige syndrome include those of the face, mandibular region, pharynx, and larynx. In a case, all or only some of these muscles may be involved. The different muscle groups can also be involved in isolation, as in oromandibular dystonia, spasmodic dysphonia, and cervical dystonia. The prevalence of the syndrome is five to 10 cases per 100,000 people.

62. Marguerite McDonald, MD - Eye Conditions - Blepharospasm blepharospasm Last Updated 10/14/2001 Also referred to as Eyelid Spasmblepharospasm refers to uncontrolled closure or blinking of the eyes. http://drmcdonald.eyemdlink.com/Condition.asp?ConditionID=77

63. MDS Blepharospasm Linked To Development Of Parkinson's Symptoms Increase Maintain Decrease View Results. MDS blepharospasm Linked to Developmentof Parkinson's Symptoms By Bruce Sylvester Special to DG News http://www.pslgroup.com/dg/22328a.htm

64. Health Library - Blepharospasm, Benign Essential Saint Luke's Health System eLibrary. blepharospasm, Benign Essential. Synonyms.BEB; blepharospasm; Secondary blepharospasm. Disorder Subdivisions. None. http://hvelink.saint-lukes.org/library/healthguide/IllnessConditions/topic.asp?h

65. Ocular Motor Apraxia: Re: Essentila Blepharospasm Re essentila blepharospasm. What causes blepharospasm? And what is the long termuse {15 years} of botox? Replies to this message Reply to this message http://wwweb.org/oma/messages/1034.html

OMA Message Board message Ref: http://wwweb.org/oma/messages/1034.html Look at replies to this message Reply to this message Return to OMA Message Board Index Page ... Help file Re: essentila blepharospasm From: terry fredricks, e-mail: tfred47@yahoo.com Date: 10 Aug 2001 at 20:02 Replying to: message 990.html of botox? Replies to this message: Reply to this message: The subject or title of the message that you would like to send (required): Your name, eg. J Smith (required): Your e-mail address (optional): Your message (required): This Web page is part of the OMA Message Board at the Ocular Motor Apraxia Web Site: http://wwweb.org/oma/

66. Ocular Motor Apraxia: Essentila Blepharospasm essentila blepharospasm. Replies to this message 10 Aug 2001 at 2002 Reessentila blepharospasm terry fredricks (0) Reply to this message http://wwweb.org/oma/messages/990.html

OMA Message Board message Ref: http://wwweb.org/oma/messages/990.html Look at replies to this message Reply to this message Return to OMA Message Board Index Page ... Help file essentila blepharospasm From: mrs.ramila bharani, e-mail: bharanibros@vsnl.net Date: 07 Jun 2001 at 09:47 Replying to: message 288.html please furnish the details on treatment for essential blpharospasm Replies to this message: 10 Aug 2001 at 20:02 Re: essentila blepharospasm terry fredricks Reply to this message: The subject or title of the message that you would like to send (required): Your name, eg. J Smith (required): Your e-mail address (optional): Your message (required): This Web page is part of the OMA Message Board at the Ocular Motor Apraxia Web Site: http://wwweb.org/oma/

67. ILUSA Disabilities - Blepharospasm blepharospasm. Updated on December 22, 1999. BEBRF blepharospasm Pages conditionin which there is sustained, forced, involuntary closing of the eyelids. http://www.ilusa.com/links/disable/blephar.htm

Blepharospasm Updated on December 22, 1999 BEBRF Blepharospasm Pages - condition in which there is sustained, forced, involuntary closing of the eyelids. Initial symptoms, cause and treatment are discussed. Benign Essential Blepharospasm Blepharospasm Dry Eye Syndrome and Blepharospasm Genetics of Blepharospasm For books on this subject try searching the Barnes and Noble Bookstore. It's not "Books in Print" ...... But it's pretty Close! Author: Last Name First Name (Optional) Title: Keyword: Keyword Options: Do an exact match a partial match Of: all words any word this phrase INDEPENDENT LIVING USA Legal Information

68. ClinicalTrials.gov - Linking Patients To Medical Research: Results Search results for blepharospasm ALLFIELDS are shown below. Show all trials,including those no longer recruiting patients. 1 study was found. http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/search/term=Blepharospasm

Home Search Browse Resources ... About Search results for Blepharospasm [ALL-FIELDS] are shown below. Show all trials, including those no longer recruiting patients. 1 study was found. Completed Mexiletine for the Treatment of Focal Dystonia Conditions: Blepharospasm; Dystonia; Spasm U.S. National Library of Medicine Contact NLM Customer Service National Institutes of Health Freedom of Information Act ... Accessibility

69. Blepharospasm | Fort Lauderdale Eye Institute Vision Correction Center blepharospasm. Essential blepharospasm is a debilitating disorderof progressive, involuntary spasms of the eyelid muscles. Other http://www.fortlauderdaleeyeplastics.com/blepharospasm.html

Home Why an Ophthalmic Plastic Surgeon? About Us Procedures ... Contact Us Blepharospasm Essential blepharospasm is a debilitating disorder of progressive, involuntary spasms of the eyelid muscles. Other muscles in the face or neck may be involved as well. Terms that sometimes are used in the description of this problem include dystonia (impaired or disordered muscle tone) and dyskinesia (a defect in voluntary movement).The onset of blepharospasm is typically during the patient's 50s or 60s, and is more common in women than in men. Although the cause of essential blepharospasm is not completely understood, it is thought to be a result of "miscommunication" in the area(s) of the brain responsible for control of the involved muscles. The onset of essential blepharospasm usually is heralded by an increase in blinking or squinting with progression toward repetitive forceful closure and difficulty opening the eyelids. Blepharospasm is often made worse by stress, fatigue, bright lights, watching television or driving, and social interactions. Functional blindness in the presence of an otherwise normal visual system may result. Sleep, relaxation, walking, talking and other "tricks" may alleviate symptoms temporarily. Systemic medications have limited effectiveness in treating the disease. However, some patients do benefit from such therapy alone or in conjunction with other treatments. Local injection of a medication called botulinum toxin (botox) lasts approximately three to six months, after which time the injections need to be repeated for continued relief. As with any medication, botox has side effects, fortunately, these typically are mild and temporary. For those patients who do not respond to botox and/or systemic medications, there are surgical options.

70. Encyclopedia - Blepharospasm Encyclopedia blepharospasm, A blepharospasm is a chronic, continuous,involuntary blinking or forcible closure of the eyelids. http://www.visionrx.com/library/enc/enc_blepharospasm.asp

Health Center Dictionary Encyclopedia Innovation Spotlight ... Eye Care Library Encyclopedia - Blepharospasm What are the signs of blepharospasm? How is blapharospasm treated? What are the signs of blapharospasm? A blepharospasm is a chronic, continuous, involuntary blinking or forcible closure of the eyelids. It is caused by a dysfunction of the area of the brain that controls the muscles around the eye. Other facial muscles can twitch as well, particularly those around the cheek and brow. Severe cases can cause the eyelids to forcibly close for a longer period than the typical blink, disrupting vision. Symptoms occur most frequently in persons who are between the ages of 50 and 70. Women are three times more likely to develop the condition than men are. Blepharospasm should not be confused with ptosis, which is drooping of the eyelids caused by weakness or paralysis of a muscle in the upper eyelid. Another condition, called hemifacial spasm, affects muscles on one side of the face, often including the eyelid. The muscle contractions from this disorder are more rapid and transient, and they always affect just one side of the face. Blepharospasm usually affects both eyes. How is blapharospasm treated?

71. Conditions For Blepharospasm Table of Contents Conditions by symptom blepharospasm.Conditions for blepharospasm. Parkinson's Disease. http://www.healthandage.com/html/res/com/ConsLookups/Symptoms/blepharospasm.html

Table of Contents Conditions by symptom Conditions for blepharospasm Parkinson's Disease

72. ¾È°Ë°æ·ÃÁõ (Blepharospasm) The summary for this Korean page contains characters that cannot be correctly displayed in this language/character set. http://medcity.com/jilbyung/blepharospasm.htm

¾È°Ë°æ·Áõ (Blepharospasm) fun! fun! medcityƯ¡ ¾È°Ë°æ·Áõ (Blepharospasm) ¾È°Ë°æ·Áõ ¾È°Ë°æ·ÁõÀº ¾È¸é±ÙÀ°/½Å°æ °ú¿îµ¿Áõ»óÀÇ ÇÑ°¡Áö·Î ÀÌ °ú¿îµ¿Áõ»ó¿¡´Â 1Â÷¼º ¾È°Ë°æ·Áõ, 2Â÷¼º ¾È°Ë°æ·Áõ, Æíø ¾È¸é±ÙÀ°¿¬à, ¾È¸é±ÙÀ°¸¶ºñÀÇ È¸º¹±â¿¡ »ý±â´Â ¾È¸é±ÙÀ° ¿¬µ¿Áõ(facial synkinesis), ±×¸®°í ¼¶À¯¼º ±Ù°£´ë°æ·(myokimia)µîÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. 1. ¾È°Ë°æ·Áõ (Blepharospasm) ÀÌ ÁúȯÀº ¾çÂÊ ´«ÀÌ °©Àڱ⠰æ·ÀûÀ¸·Î °¨±â´Â Áõ»óÀ» ¸»ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÇÑÂÊ ¾ó±¼°ú ´«¿¡¸¸ »ý±â´Â ¾È¸é½Å°æ¸¶ºñ¶§¿Í´Â ´Ù¸£¸ç, ¾ó±¼ ¾Æ·§ºÎºÐÀÇ ½Å°æµµ Á¤»óÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÏ»ó»ýÈ°¿¡ ÁöÀåÀ» ¹ÞÀ» Á¤µµ·Î Áõ»óÀÌ ½ÉÇÑ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ´«À» °¨±â°ÔÇÏ´Â ±ÙÀ° (¾ÈÀ±±Ù)ÀÇ ÀϺκÐÀ» Á¦°ÅÇس»´Â ¼ö¼ú¿ä¹ýÀ» °í·ÁÇØ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Ö±Ù¿¡´Â º¸Åø¸®´½µ¶¼Ò(Botulinum toxin)À̶ó´Â°ÍÀ» ÁÖ»çÇÏ¿© °æ·À» ÀÏÀ¸Å°´Â ´« ÁÖÀ§ ±ÙÀ°À» ÇѽÀûÀ¸·Î ¸¶ºñ½Å°´Â ¹æ¹ýÀÌ °³¹ßµÇ¾î, ÁÁÀº È¿°ú¸¦ º¸¿´´Ù´Â ÀÕ´ÞÀº º¸°í°¡ ¸¹ÀÌ µé¾î¿À°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. 2. Æíø ¾È¸é±ÙÀ° ¿¬à (Hemifacial spasm) ÀÌ ÁúȯÀº ¾ÈÀ±±Ù ¹× ±âŸ ¾ó±¼¿¡ ºÐÆ÷µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â ¾È¸é±ºÀ°À» Áö¹èÇÏ´Â ¾È¸é½Å°æÀÇ °úµµÇÑ ÀÚ±ØÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ ¹ß»ý ÇÏ´Â ÁúȯÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¿øÀÎÀ¸·Î´Â ¿©·¯°¡Áö °¡¼³ÀÌ ¸¹À¸³ª ¾È¸é½Å°æÀÌ ³ú¿¡¼­ ºÐÁöµÇ¾î ³ª¿À´Â ºÎºÐ ÀÌ Ç÷°ü¿¡ ½ÉÇÏ°Ô ´­¸®±â ¶§¹®À¸·Î »ý°¢µÇ¾îÁö°í ÀÖÁö¸¸, ³ú Á¾¾ç¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ°ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´ÑÁöÀÇ ¿©ºÎ¸¦ MRIµîÀ¸·Î Á¤È®È÷ °Ë»çÇØ º¸¾Æ¾ßÇÕ´Ï´Ù. 3. ¾È¸é±ÙÀ° ¿¬µ¿Áõ (Facial Synkinesis)

73. Benign Essential Blepharospasm Research BENIGN ESSENTIAL blepharospasm RESEARCH BEBRF. Fax (409) 832-0890. E-mail bebrf@ih2000.netWeb http//www.blepharospasm.org/. Deadline 1 September 2002. http://vpr2.admin.arizona.edu/rso/02053009.htm

BENIGN ESSENTIAL BLEPHAROSPASM RESEARCH - BEBRF The Benign Essential Blepharospasm Research Foundation seeks grant proposals for research on the cause, treatment, or cure of blepharospasm, Meige's syndrome, or related disorders or infirmities of the facial musculature. Past grants have ranged from $7,800 to $65,000. Contact: BEBRF, P.O. Box 12468, Beaumont, TX 77726-2468. Telephone: (409) 832-0788. Fax: (409) 832-0890. E-mail: bebrf@ih2000.net Web: http://www.blepharospasm.org/ Deadline: 1 September 2002. RSO Reference No.:

74. Health Report - 19/8/2002: Benign Essential Blepharospasm Benign Essential blepharospasm Broadcast Monday 19 August 2002 with NormanSwan. Summary else. So how effective is botox for blepharospasm? http://www.abc.net.au/rn/talks/8.30/helthrpt/stories/s653787.htm

Health Matters All in the Mind The Buzz Earthbeat ... Quantum Benign Essential Blepharospasm Broadcast Monday 19 August 2002 with Norman Swan Summary: This is an often underdiagnosed condition which can make the sufferer functionally blind. Transcript: Back to Melbourne now, and an under-recognised but easily treatable condition which effectively makes its sufferers blind when there’s absolutely nothing wrong with their eyes. Judith Storie is a former General Practitioner who this happened to. She didn’t know what it was and as you’ll hear, neither did some specialists. It began when she was in her 50s. Judith Storie: It crept upon me gradually. It began with a slight increase in blinking, associated with the sandy gritty feeling of dry eyes, so that’s what I thought it was basically. Norman Swan: So you thought you were trying to get more fluid in your eyes? Judith Storie: Yes, so I was blinking more and more. Family and friends started to remark on it and then the lids started to spasm, they’d slam shut and I couldn’t get them open for 1, 2 or 3 seconds. So that was quite disabling. I started bumping into doorways and wondering whether I could safely cross the street. Norman Swan: And presumably you started to become, we blink without thinking about it, now that we’re doing an interview on it, people listening are going to be conscious of their blinking, but presumably you become really conscious of your blinking.

75. 1Up Health > Blepharospasm > Causes, Incidence, And Risk Factors Of Blepharospas Comprehesive information on blepharospasm (Eye spasm, Eye twitch). 1Up Health Diseases Conditions blepharospasm Causes, Incidence, and Risk Factors. http://www.1uphealth.com/health/blepharospasm_info.html

1Up Health Blepharospasm Alternative Medicine Clinical Trials ... Health Topics A-Z Search 1Up Health Blepharospasm Information Blepharospasm Causes, Incidence, and Risk Factors Alternative names : Eye spasm, Eye twitch Definition : Blepharospasm is the repetitive contraction of eyelid muscles in a rhythmic fashion. In some instances, the eyelid may repeatedly close or attempt to close. Causes, Incidence, and Risk Factors The most common causes of muscle twitching in the eyelid are fatigue stress , and caffeine. Once the spasms begin, they may continue intermittently for a day to more than a week, then disappear. Most people experience this type of eyelid twitch on occasion and find it extremely annoying. It usually stops suddenly, without even noticing it. More severe contractions with closure of the eyelid are thought to be caused by irritation of the surface of the eye (cornea), or the membranes lining the eyelids (conjunctival irritation). This type of eyelid twitching is common, especially in certain seasons. Another form of blepharospasm, lasts much longer, is very uncomfortable, and can close the eyelids completely.

76. 1Up Health > Blepharospasm > Causes, Incidence, And Risk Factors Of Blepharospas Benign Essential blepharospasm (BEB) blepharospasm . Read detailed informationabout Benign Essential blepharospasm (BEB) blepharospasm . http://www.1uphealth.com/medical/disease/brain-neurological-disease/benign-essen

1Up Health Blepharospasm Alternative Medicine Clinical Trials ... Health Topics A-Z Search 1Up Health Blepharospasm Information Blepharospasm Causes, Incidence, and Risk Factors Alternative names : Eye spasm, Eye twitch Definition : Blepharospasm is the repetitive contraction of eyelid muscles in a rhythmic fashion. In some instances, the eyelid may repeatedly close or attempt to close. Causes, Incidence, and Risk Factors The most common causes of muscle twitching in the eyelid are fatigue stress , and caffeine. Once the spasms begin, they may continue intermittently for a day to more than a week, then disappear. Most people experience this type of eyelid twitch on occasion and find it extremely annoying. It usually stops suddenly, without even noticing it. More severe contractions with closure of the eyelid are thought to be caused by irritation of the surface of the eye (cornea), or the membranes lining the eyelids (conjunctival irritation). This type of eyelid twitching is common, especially in certain seasons. Another form of blepharospasm, lasts much longer, is very uncomfortable, and can close the eyelids completely.

77. Health Library - Blepharospasm, Benign Essential blepharospasm, Benign Essential. Synonyms Disorder Subdivisions General DiscussionResources Synonyms. BEB; blepharospasm; Secondary blepharospasm. http://health_info.nmh.org/Library/HealthGuide/IllnessConditions/topic.asp?hwid=

78. Botox, A Treatment For Wrinkles, Blepharospasm And Hemifacial Spasm, Botox, Blep Jump to top of page Botulinum Toxin blepharospasm, Hemifacial spasms Botulinumtoxin is an approved treatment for blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm. http://www.eye-plastics.com/topics/botox/botox.htm

Botulinum Toxin Blepharospasm, Hemifacial spasms Blepharospasm Overview Resources References Supported in part by an unrestricted educational grant by Allergan About Botox How does Botox work? Botulinum - Latest News Botulinum for Wrinkles Overview References What is Botulinum Toxin A? It is a toxin produced by the bacteria Clostridium Botulinum which weakens muscles by blocking nerve impulses transmitted from the nerve endings of the muscles. Is botulinum toxin A safe? Botulinum toxin is an approved treatment for Blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm. Long-term follow-up studies have shown it to be a very safe and effective treatment, with up to 90 percent of patients obtaining almost complete relief of their Blepharospasm Side effects include drooping of the eyelid ( Ptosis ), blurred vision, and double vision (diplopia)

79. MDS: Blepharospasm Linked To Development Of Parkinson's Symptoms then Print from your browser's menu Title MDS blepharospasm Linked to http://www.docguide.com/dg.nsf/PrintPrint/E6AD062170926C9C85256C720076C93A

To print: Select File and then Print from your browser's menu Title: MDS: Blepharospasm Linked to Development of Parkinson's Symptoms URL: http://www.pslgroup.com/dg/22328A.htm Doctor's Guide November 15, 2002 By Bruce Sylvester Special to DG News MIAMI, FL November 15,2002 Patients with idiopathic blepharospasm, either isolated or associated with oromandibular dystonia, are more likely to develop parkinsonian symptoms, researchers report. "What we have verified here is that idiopathic blepharospasm may be sign of the eventual development of Parkinson's disease," Emilia Gatto, M.D., presenter, lead researcher and professor of medicine at University of Buenos Aires School of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina, told Doctor's Guide The research was presented November 15 at the Movement Disorders Society's (MDS) 7 th International Congress of Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Prior research suggests that a lesion in the substantia nigra might lead to blepharospasm in predisposed patients. If this were the case, some of these patients would eventually develop parkinsonian symptoms. Investigators studied 105 outpatient subjects diagnosed with idiopathic blepharospasm (54) or blepharospasm and additional oromandibular dystonia a.k.a Meige's syndrome (51). There were 86 women and 19 men, and the mean age of the subjects at enrollment was 70.3 years. The researchers compared the patients to an age- and sex-matched control group. The average period of investigative follow-up was five years.

80. Blepharospasm And Botox blepharospasm and botox. Email Address Was wondering if anyone with blepharospasmwho has had botox could tell me if the injections work. http://neuro-www.mgh.harvard.edu/forum/DystoniaF/4.2.984.49PMBlepharospasmandbo

Blepharospasm and botox This article submitted by Beth on 4/2/98. Email Address: Was wondering if anyone with blepharospasm who has had botox could tell me if the injections work. I have ST and they work for me but a collegue has just been diagnosed with Bleph. She's also trying Clonazepam. Any other meds, etc that would help her Next Article Previous Article Return to Neurological Disorder Topic Menu Here is a list of responses that have been posted regarding this article... blepharospasm (11/29/98) 9:36 PM blepharospasm and botox (10/6/98) 9:47 PM Happy to say YES! (5/24/98) 10:09 PM Botox Shots for Blepho Spasms (5/23/98) 10:09 PM ... Is Blepharospasm Constant (4/14/98) 11:37 AM If you want to post a completely new article on any topic you like, click here. If you would like to post a direct response to this article, fill out this form completely... Response Title: Name: Email: Remember that your Name and Email Address are optional...you don't have to enter them! You can remain completely anonymous if you like by leaving these fields empty. Response Text: Click HERE to return to the main Neurology WebForum Homepage.

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