1. Blindness Resource Center: A Service Of The New York Institute For Special Educa NYISE offers resources on blindness, including braille, eye conditions, vendors, and access technology for the blind and visually impaired. http://www.nyise.org/blind.htm

Our Sponsors: (This site is also available in a text version ,and large print format Universal Access: Lynx, Windows Resource Sites on Blindness BRL Literacy, Translators, Advocacy ... Bobby is a free web-based service that will help you make web pages accessible to people with disabilities. Featured site in Lightspan's StudyWeb For additional information contact: The New York Institute for Special Education attn: Office of Development 999 Pelham Parkway Bronx, New York 10469 USA Phone: (718) 519-7000 Ext. 315 Fax: (718) 231-9314 Return to Index Visitor # since 3/1/98 LE FastCounter Comments and/or suggestions on this site can be addressed to: John Hernandez, Media Coordinator-NYISE last revised July 2002

2. Welcome To Prevent Blindness America Volunteer eye health and safety organization dedicated to fighting blindness and saving sight in America.Category Health Conditions and Diseases blindness Organizations......Prevent blindness America is the nations leading volunteer eye health andsafety organization dedicated to fighting blindness and saving sight. http://www.preventblindness.org/

Prevent Blindness in your state: Location Arizona N. California Connecticut Florida Georgia Illinois Indiana Iowa Kentucky Massachusetts Nebraska New Jersey New York N. Carolina Ohio Oklahoma Tennessee Texas Virginia W. Virginia Wisconsin Our affiliates offer vision screening, volunteer opportunities and important eye health and safety programs. Search About Us Want to Help? Web Forum ... Site Map BECOME A GRASSROOTS ADVOCATE! Urge Congress to support increased funding at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the National Eye Institute (NEI) for public health and research programs aimed at preventing blindness and saving sight. NEARLY 100,000 PEOPLE TREATED

3. Blindness-Related Emailing Lists Contains instructions on how to join over sixty emailing lists related to blindness. BLIST The Comprehensive Index of blindnessRelated Emailing Lists http://www.hicom.net/~oedipus/blist.html

BLIST: The Comprehensive Index of Blindness-Related Emailing Lists last updated June 20, 2002 Skip Directly to the Beginning of BLIST Skip Navigation Links Download a zip file containing BLIST (offline hypertext version) Skip to the Index of Blindness-Related Lists ... A Note to Listowners This document contains instructions on how to join over two hundred blindness-related emailing lists and blindness-related newsgroups , along with hypertext links which allow you to subscribe to any of the lists. It also contains an extensive listing of accessibility and pan-disability lists , as well as a list of emailing lists that are not blindness-related, but which are frequented by blind members , and a selective list of emailing list-related resources . A zipped archive of this hypertext document is available at: A plain ASCII version of this list is available from: A zipped version of the ASCII file, blist.zip , can be downloaded via anonymous ftp from the pub/poehlman NFBnet.org BLIST is also available via email. To obtain a plain text version of BLIST via email , type the line GET BLIST INFO in the BODY of an emessage, and send it to:

4. Blindness Related Resources Connects to sites for the blind and deaf, blindnessrelated organizations, and assistive technology resources. blindness-Related Resources. on the Web and Beyond http://www.hicom.net/~oedipus/blind.html

Blindness-Related Resources on the Web and Beyond (last updated February 12, 2003) Table of Contents Skip Table of Contents About This Document General Blindness-Related Resources Blindness-Related Emailing Lists ... Adaptive Products and Services (includes screen readers, speech synthesizers, refreshable braille displays, braille embossers, etc.) Home Pages of Blind and Visually Impaired Individuals Friends of the Blind Employment-Related Resources Educational Resources Pertaining to Blindness and Vision Loss ... Terra Infirma: Raw Links An Explanatory Note When I first mounted this page on my web site, Camera Obscura This is not , nor is intended to be, an encyclopedic index of blindness-related resources on the 'net... It is merely a collection of links that I have either come to rely upon personally or which I have stumbled across in the course of my own personal webcrawling. They are offered here merely as jumping-off points for the exploration of blindness-related resources, for following any one of the links listed on this page will open a Pandora's box of information. And that , my friends, is the true beauty of hypertext...

5. Blindness For Kids PREVENTION OF blindness. There are today some 150 million people worldwide with visual disability, in need of social, http://pittsford.monroe.edu/Jefferson/CALFIERI/Blind/BlindKidsMain.html

Blindness Written for Kids This website has been designed to inform kids about blindness. We hope you like it and learn more about being blind. Click on the links below to go to different topics on blindness. Most pages also have links to other websites on blindness. If you have questions about blindness or this site, feel free to contact the author at the email address at the bottom of the page. Thanks for visiting this site and come back again sometime! Links at this website: What is blindness and visual impairment? What causes blindness? How blind read with their fingers: Braille ... Famous blind people For more information email: calfieri@rochester.rr.com

6. Kids' Questions Questions Kids Ask About blindness and questions from children who wish to learn more about blindness. It is important for blind children to learn that http://www.nfb.org/kids.htm

We receive many letters and questions from children who wish to learn more about blindness. It is important for blind children to learn that blindness will not prevent them from living happy and normal lives, and so blind children need to learn from good blind adult role models. We have developed this list of some of the most often asked questions by blind children, and we think it is just as important for sighted children, too. Who was Louis Braille? The Braille system of reading and writing was developed by a Frenchman named Louis Braille when he was just a boy. He became blind through an accident, and he discovered that trying to read raised letters was much too slow. He wanted a faster way for blind people to read and write. He modeled Braille after a system of codes used by the military, and then he expanded his system. For more information about Louis Braille, please visit your school or public library. Who was Helen Keller? Helen Keller was both deaf and blind. Although she had to fight to get the opportunity, she graduated from Radcliffe College. She wrote several books and worked hard to improve opportunities for the deaf and the blind. At the time when she lived, people who were both deaf and blind did not have very many opportunities. Now there is better education, training, employment, and other opportunities for the deaf-blind. You can learn more about Helen Keller from your school or public library. Back to Top What is Braille?

7. Macular Degeneration, Retinitis Pigmentosa, Stargardt, Usher Syndrome : FFB Home Funds research at over 50 institutions in the US and the world in the area of degenerative retinal diseases.Category Health Medicine Ophthalmology Research......The Foundation Fighting blindness is a publiclysupported charity raising moneyto fund research for macular degeneration, retinitis pigmentosa (RP), Usher http://www.blindness.org/

Macular Degeneration Retinitis Pigmentosa Usher Syndrome Stargardt Disease ... Why Register? Click here for more information. Login Register Benefit Search: Scientific Advisory Board Meeting The Foundation just held its annual Scientific Advisory Board (SAB) meeting on January 30-31. more Genvec Begins Phase I Clinical Trial of Gene Therapy Treatment Designed to Prevent Vision Loss more Encapsulated RPE Cells Reduce Photoreceptor Degeneration in Animal Models of Retinitis Pigmentosa Through an innovative partnership with Neurotech, a biotechnology company based in the U.S. and France, The Foundation is working to harness the therapeutic quality of retinal pigment epithelial cells in the treatment of retinitis pigmentosa. more Mother's Day Celebration Feb 01, 2003 - May 11, 2003 National Event Send A Card...Find A Cure. Volunteer to send special FFB greeting cards. B/W/R Fashion Show Apr 02, 2003 Eastchester, NY The annual spring fashion show. The Kelly Family-Living with Macular Degeneration By The Foundation Fighting Blindness Janet sat in disbelief as she learned that both she and her son, John, had Best disease, an early-onset form of macular degeneration that causes loss of central vision and often results in legal blindness.

8. FFB Home - Foundation Fighting Blindness The Foundation Fighting blindness is a publiclysupported charity raising money to fund research for macular degeneration, retinitis pigmentosa (RP), Usher syndrome, Stagardt disease, related diseases, and providing information, resources and http://redirect-west.inktomi.com/click?u=http://www.blindness.org&y=0236788957C5

9. Prevent Blindness America--Amblyopia FAQ Answers to some frequently asked questions about Amblyopia.Category Health Conditions and Diseases Eye Disorders Amblyopia......Prevent blindness America is the nation’s leading volunteer eye health andsafety organization dedicated to fighting blindness and saving sight. http://www.preventblindness.org/children/amblyopiaFAQ.html

Frequently Asked Questions about Amblyopia Q: What is amblyopia? Amblyopia is reduced vision in an eye that has not received adequate use during early childhood. Q: What causes amblyopia? Amblyopia, also known as "lazy eye," has many causes. Most often it results from either a misalignment of a child's eyes, such as crossed eyes, or a difference in image quality between the two eyes (one eye focusing better than the other.) In both cases, one eye becomes stronger, suppressing the image of the other eye. If this condition persists, the weaker eye may becomes useless. Q: Can anything be done to treat amblyopia and prevent vision loss? With early diagnosis and treatment, the sight in the "lazy eye" can be restored. Q: When should treatment for amblyopia begin? The earlier the treatment, the better the opportunity to reverse the vision loss. Q: What treatments are available? Before treating amblyopia, it may be necessary to first treat the underlying cause. Glasses are commonly prescribed to improve focusing or misalignment of the eyes.

10. Blindness Resource Center: Access To The Internet And Web Access to the Internet by persons with blindness or visual impairment with accessibleweb design, lynx, nettamer, emacspeak, UltraSonix, and XWindows. http://www.nyise.org/access.htm

Access to the Internet, Web and Windows Accessible Web Design LYNX Web Browser Unix Access Windows Access ... Other Blindness Links THIS PAGE IS ALSO AVAILABLE IN: Text, Large Print and Frames Format GO TO: Blindness Resource Center Accessible Web Design WGBH'S NATIONAL CENTER FOR ACCESSIBLE MEDIA WAI Quick Tips Reference Card Adaptive Technology for the Internet : Making Electronic Resources Accessible to All - is a handbook for accessability at Amazon.com. Accessible Web Page Design Links from the disABILITY website Accessibility Home Page : at Microsoft Design Considerations: An excellently written essay on accessible web design for persons with visual impairments. Designing an Accessible Web: Trace Center Site Hints for designing accessible Websites - RNIB Resources on Web Access from The Adaptive Technology Resource Centre of University of Toronto Royal National Institute for the Blind's Campaign for Good Web Design Usability of Information and the WWW: UCLA Disabilities and Computing Program Return to Access Index LYNX Web Browser Lynx is a fully-featured World Wide Web (WWW) client for users running cursor-addressable, character-cell display devices (e.g., vt100 terminals, vt100 emulators running on PCs or Macs, or any other "curses-oriented" display). It will display hypertext markup language (HTML) hypertext documents containing links to files residing on the local system, as well as files residing on remote systems running Gopher, HTTP, FTP, WAIS, and NNTP servers. Current versions of Lynx run on DOS, UNIX and VMS.

11. Rpbusa.org - Research To Prevent Blindness Research to Prevent blindness. Make a Donation Now! Search our site http://www.rpbusa.org/

Research to Prevent Blindness Make a Donation Now! Search our site: View this site in Color Help/FAQ About RPB News and Research ... Sitemap RPB is the world's leading voluntary organization in support of eye research. At more than 50 medical institutions nationwide, RPB is supporting investigations into all blinding eye diseases, including macular degeneration, cataract, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, corneal disease, retinitis pigmentosa, amblyopia, strabismus and uveitis. 645 Madison Avenue New York, NY 10022-1010

12. FATAL BLINDNESS: America's Decades Of Declining Freedom And The Rise Of Its Dict FATAL blindness. America's Decades of Declining Freedom and The Riseof its Dictators. CHAPTERS OF FATAL blindness AVAILABLE ONLINE. http://www.fatalblindness.com/

FATAL BLINDNESS America's Decades of Declining Freedom and The Rise of its Dictators An important, forthcoming book. An impassioned defense of your right to life and liberty. A warning no American can afford to ignore. by FULTON HUXTABLE FULTON'S COLUMN As events warrant and my time permits, I publish an occasional column. After a long absence, I am preparing to resume writing my column. I hope to do this on a fairly regular basis. In the meantime, I am featuring, again, a series of three articles on foreign policy. These articles were published nearly 30 months in advance of the attacks against America on September 11, 2001and, unfortunately, proved to be prophetic. If America is to prevent future attacks, it must learn the lessons contained in these articles. I will have more to say about this subject later. FOREIGN IDEALS Part 1 Our reckless foreign policy has left America vulnerable to an attack of terrifying proportions. FOREIGN IDEALS Part 2 The basic principle that should guide our foreign policy is the same one that should guide our actions domestically.

13. Ishihara Test For Color Blindness Ishihara Test for Color blindness. Bottom, 6, 8, Bottom, Spots, Spots. Anotherinteresting color blindness test is below. The test to the left is simpler. http://www.toledo-bend.com/colorblind/Ishihara.html

Ishihara Test for Color Blindness Main Page About Color Deficiency Tests for Color Blindness Shareware software for the color blind ... Links to other Sites about Color Deficiency What numbers do you see revealed in the patterns of dots below? I am color blind, as is about 12 - 20 percent (depending on whose figures you want to believe) of the white, male population and a tiny fraction of the female population. Most of these circles are nothing but spots to me. Below are the correct answers to what a person with normal color vision would see - and what I see (and most people with Red-Green color blindness). When you see what we can't see, you may understand why it's so tough to find the right sox and why we like bright colors, which are often identifiable. Normal Color Vision Red-Green Color Blind Left Right Left Right Top Top Spots Middle Middle Spots Bottom Bottom Spots Spots Another interesting color blindness test is below The test to the left is simpler.

14. Color Blindness Check Color blindness Color blindness is an inaccurate term for a lack of perceptualsensitivity to certain colors. Absolute color blindness is almost unknow. http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/8833/coloreye.html

Color Blindness W hen I was a kid in kindergarten, my parents never knew why I got low grade in identifying the color of crayons. Not until the day I was responsible for an Open Day project on color blindness in my secondary school did I noticed that I am one of the 'victim'. Though I was not blamed for the low grade then, restriction on choosing my job twenty years later frustrated me somehow. C olor blindness is an inaccurate term for a lack of perceptual sensitivity to certain colors. Absolute color blindness is almost unknow. There are three types of color receptors in our eyes, red, green and blue. We also have black and white receptors. They are more sensitive than the color receptors, that is why we have poor color perception in the dark. C olor blindness comes as a result of a lack of one or more of the types of color receptors. Most color perception defects are for red or green or both. About 10% of males have a color perception defect, but this is rare in females. Red-green color blindness is a result of a lack of red receptors. A nother form of color blindness yellow-blue is the second most common form, but it's extremely rare. It is also possible to have the color receptors missing entirely, which would result in black and white vision.

15. Fighting Blindness (Ireland) This self-help voluntary organisation, promoting research into retinal degenerative diseases, provides Category Regional Europe Society and Culture Disability Resources......Fighting blindness is a selfhelp voluntary organisation which promotesresearch into Retinal Degenerative Diseases . Fighting blindness. http://www.fightingblindness.ie/

Fighting Blindness Totally committed to finding treatments and cures for all forms of blindness and related sensory loss through the promotion of Irish research Mission Statement About The Conditions For details on the ' Easter Egg Campaign' 2003 contact Eamonn or Marie at 3rd Annual IPPOSI Meeting 'Turning Research Into Cures' Happy 20th Birthday Fighting Blindness!!!! Wicklow Challenge 2003: Can You Hike it? Glittering Night At the Races! Kate Doyle and Jockey Barry Geraghty pictured with Chair of the Fighting Blindness Appeals Committee, Patricia Burke at the inaugural betfair racing ball in aid of Fighting Blindness in the Leopardstown Pavilion February 8th last. For Further information Contact: 01 873 1004 FIGHTING BLINDNESS IN VIETNAM 2003 A new social site has been set up for anyone living on the Island of Ireland, 18-40, who has a physical disability, epilepsy or depression. The address for the Irish Disability Social Site is http://groups.yahoo.com/group/irishdissocial2 Science Breakthrough at TCD Ocular Genetics Unit Report on Age Related Conditons Breakthrough in RP Research Hotlinks ... News Number of Visits to this Site This was built with Contact Information Telephone FAX Postal address 16 North Frederick Street, Dublin 1, Ireland.

16. PREVENT BLINDNESS IN PREMATURE BABIES PREVENT blindness IN PREMATURE BABIES. Margaret Watson, president. PREVENT blindnessIN PREMATURE BABIES is not affiliated with Prevent blindness America. http://www.rdcbraille.com/pbpb.html

PREVENT BLINDNESS IN PREMATURE BABIES Margaret Watson, president P.O. Box 44792 Madison, Wisconsin 53744-4792 608-845-6500 voice 608-257-4143 fax prevent@execpc.com PREVENT BLINDNESS IN PREMATURE BABIES is a volunteer group formed to provide support and information to individuals and to parents of children who have Retinopathy Of Prematurity, or ROP, (formerly called retrolental fibroplasia, or RLF). PREVENT BLINDNESS IN PREMATURE BABIES is not affiliated with Prevent Blindness America. Feel free to click here to reach their website ROP is a disease of the retina that prevents the eye from developing properly and can lead to permanent damage and blindness, even later in life. ROP is responsible for more blindness among children in this country than all other causes combined. The major effort of the organization is to work to eliminate the major cause of ROP: the use of bright fluorescent lighting in facilities for the care of premature infants. Most of the groundbreaking research in this direction has been conducted by Peter Aleff. He is a research engineer and the father of a child who has ROP. He is convinced that fluorescent lighting is the cause of ROP, and he has found research that backs him up. Another key portion of Peter's Aleff's research is that premature babies can have their eyes exposed to a dangerous dose of light which exceeds government safety guidelines in only a few minutes time. To our knowledge, no one in the medical community has been able to refute this. The medical field is convinced that the cause of ROP is excess oxygen. Peter Aleff further believes that the unnecessary reduction in oxygen to premature babies is killing hundred (if not thousands) annually and also increases the risk of cerebral palsy.

17. The Church And Blindness Increasing awareness for visually impaired worshippers, to launch an appeal to initiate a ministry Category Health Conditions and Diseases blindness Organizations......The Church and blindness Registered Charity No. 1078425, read the wordsof support from the Archbishop inside. Our new unframed site http://www.church4blind.org.uk/

The Church and Blindness Registered Charity No. 1078425 read the words of support from the Archbishop inside Our new unframed site can be heard in English by a blind person or displayed via a Braillepad. For text to voice software, try IBM's Home Page Reader, or Window Eyes click here to explore our unframed site alternatively, click on the buttons below for the framed site in: English French German Spanish ... Italian ALL ARE AVAILABLE IN 4 FONT SIZES AND 3 BACKGROUND COLOURS FOR EASE OF USE BY PARTIALLY SIGHTED PEOPLE WHO WOULD LIKE TO SPONSOR A WELSH TRANSLATION? Please contact vip@church4blind.org.uk The website is now available in Braille. Free for VIP without a PC Free via e-mail or post to V.I.P's Dippers, Water Lane, Charlton Horethorne, Sherborne, DORSET why not join our 2002-3 site sponsors?

18. MEDLINEplus: Vision Disorders & Blindness Other states coming learn more. National Eye Institute The primary NIH organizationfor research on Vision Disorders blindness is the National Eye Institute. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/visiondisordersblindness.html

Skip navigation Other health topics: A B C D ... List of All Topics Contents of this page: News From the NIH General/Overviews Anatomy/Physiology ... Low Vision You may also be interested in these MEDLINEplus related pages: Cataract Eye Diseases (General) Eye Wear Glaucoma ... Eyes and Vision Latest News Acne Drug Halts Rare Type of Blindness in Mice (03/18/2003, Reuters Health) From the National Institutes of Health Frequently Asked Questions about Low Vision (National Eye Institute) What You Should Know About Low Vision (National Eye Institute) General/Overviews Vision Impairment (National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities) Anatomy/Physiology Normal Eye Anatomy (National Eye Institute) Clinical Trials ClinicalTrials.gov: Blindness (National Institutes of Health) ClinicalTrials.gov: Vision Disorders (National Institutes of Health) Clinical Trials in Vision Research (National Eye Institute) Coping Introduction to Adaptive Computer Technology (Lighthouse International) Living With Low Vision? 10 Steps To Ensure Your Independence (Prevent Blindness America) Low Vision Coping Resources: Adjustment Process (Foundation Fighting Blindness) Low Vision Coping Resources: Watching TV with Low Vision (Foundation Fighting Blindness) What Do You Do When You Meet Someone Who Can't See?

19. MEDLINEplus Medical Encyclopedia: Blindness blindness. correctable vision. Considerations Return to top blindnesscan be partial, with loss of only part of the vision. It can http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003040.htm

Skip navigation Medical Encyclopedia Other encyclopedia topics: A-Ag Ah-Ap Aq-Az B-Bk ... Z Blindness Contents of this page: Illustrations Alternative names Definition Considerations ... What to expect at your health care provider's office Illustrations Neurofibromatosis I, enlarged optic foramen Alternative names Return to top Loss of vision Definition Return to top The loss of normal or correctable vision. Considerations Return to top Blindness can be partial, with loss of only part of the vision. It can also be complete, in which case there is no perception of light. People with vision worse than 20/200 vision are considered legally blind. Blindness has many causes, yet the incidence of true blindness in the United States remains low. Accidents, diabetes , glaucoma, and macular degeneration account for most blindness in the United States. Worldwide, Vitamin A deficiency is the leading cause of blindness. Common Causes Return to top In the United States: accidental trauma to the eyes (such as chemical burns , or injuries from bungie cords, fishing hooks, racket ball, fireworks, and similar objects) diabetes glaucoma macular degeneration vascular occlusions amblyopia Less common causes optic neuritis after eye surgery stroke Vitamin A deficiency Tay-Sachs disease retinitis pigmentosa retinoblastoma ... trachoma (Chlamydial conjunctivitis Other (more rare) causes: Jansky-Bielschowsky syndrome Krabbe disease retrolental fibroplasia achromatopsia Albers-Schonberg (osteopetrosis) Alpers diffuse cerebral degeneration anophthalmos Batten-Mayou

20. Blind Related Links Contains extensive listings of blindness related links on the internet.Category Health Conditions and Diseases Eye Disorders blindness......Welcome to Blind Links. Click on the name of the areas youwould like to visit Or Just browse down the page. http://www.seidata.com/~marriage/rblind.html

Welcome to Blind Links Click on the name of the areas you would like to visit: Or Just browse down the page. Adaptive Technology Advocacy and Training Books and Magazines Commercial ... Blind U.S. Veterans E-Mail Ron Marriage with any comments or suggestions. If you wish to make a link to this site on your own home page then you have my permission to do so. Thanks for stopping in. WWW by E-Mail: Anyone not having World Wid Web access, but does have internet email can still access this and other pages by email alone. To access text only versions of web pages send an email to: agora@www.undp.org and into the body of the message type the line: send url where url is the page you want sent to you, such as this page: send http://www.seidata.com/~marriage/rblind.html My URL: http://welcome.to/blindlinks I got it for free at http://come.to THE SPEECH FRIENDLY WEB RING This Speech Friendly Web Ring site was created by: Ron Marriage Want to join the Speech Friendly Web Ring Skip Prev Prev Next ... List Sites Items of Note Speech Friendly Ribbon Award Internet Accessable for the disabled Lynx Enhanced Page Best Viewed with Any Browser Campaign ... Ron.Marriage

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