41. Introduction To IAPB-International Agency For The Prevention Of Blindness Leads an international effort in mobilising resources for blindness prevention activities.Category Health Conditions and Diseases blindness Organizations...... Enter . Site Maintained by. http://www.iapb.org/

Enter Site Maintained by

42. FEATURES - Trachoma Information by Global Child Net.Category Health Conditions and Diseases Eye Disorders Trachoma......How to prevent trachoma and blindness. Trachoma attacks one personat a time. But it is a community disease. And it is the community http://edie.cprost.sfu.ca/gcnet/ISS4-23c.html

How to prevent trachoma and blindness Trachoma attacks one person at a time. But it is a community disease. And it is the community that must make a commitment to treatment and control. Over the last decade, local communities and national governments have worked with NGOs and international agencies such as the WHO and UNICEF to develop the tools to prevent blindness from trachoma. The methods are simple, and materials have been developed to train health workers in all the necessary techniques and procedures. Prevention Community members can prevent trachoma and its transmission. Environmental changes, such as better access to water and improved sanitation facilities, will make a difference. Even simple practices such as regular face washing can help win the fight against trachoma. In villages in Tanzania and Egypt where face washing has increased, for example, there is less trachoma than in areas where face washing is still uncommon. Health education will also make a difference. In Tanzania and Kenya, health workers are supporting efforts to increase face washing. Local volunteers demonstrate how to wash a child's face with a small amount of water, using a gourd, pitcher, or a leaky tin. School children learn about the importance of washing their own faces, as well as the faces of their younger brothers and sisters. In Tanzania, students have written plays and songs about face washing. Trachoma control works best when the whole village learns about the disease. In village meetings, those who know how to prevent trachoma are showing their neighbors that blindness does not have to remain a "fact of life."

43. The Website For The Website for. The Rehabilitation Research and Training Center on blindness andLow Vision. at. Mississippi State University. has moved to. www.blind.msstate.edu. http://www.msstate.edu/dept/RRTC/blind.html

The Website for The Rehabilitation Research and Training Center on Blindness and Low Vision at Mississippi State University has moved to www.blind.msstate.edu Please make this change to your bookmarks and/or links.

44. Morton Plant Mease Articles: Color Blindness Color blindness. Although defective Color blindness is rooted in thechromosomal differences between males and females. Females may http://www.zipmall.com/mpm-art-colorbl.htm

Color Blindness Although defective color vision may be acquired as a result of another eye disorder, the vast majority of color blind cases are hereditary - present at birth. Color blindness is rooted in the chromosomal differences between males and females. Females may be carriers of color blindness, but males are more commonly affected. About 8 percent of males and 0.5 percent of females are color deficient. Color blindness is a malfunction of the retina, which converts light energy into electircal energy that is then transmitted to the brain. This conversion is accomplished by two types of photoreceptor cells in the retina: rods and cones. The cones are responsible for encoding color. Each cone contains structures or visual pigments sensitive to one of three wavelengths of light: red, green, and blue. Normal persons are able to match all colors of the spectrum by mixtures of only three fundamental color sensitivities. Hence, the huge variety of colors we perceive stems from the cone cells' response to different compositions of wavelengths of light. Defects in color vision occur when one of the three cone cell color coding structures fails to function properly. One of the visual pigments may be present and functioning abnormally, or it may be absent altogether.

45. 318. On His Blindness. John Milton. The Oxford Book Of English Verse John Milton. 1608–1674. 318. On His blindness. WHEN I consider howmy light is spent, E're half my days, in this dark world and wide,, http://www.bartleby.com/101/318.html

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Verse Anthologies Arthur Quiller-Couch The Oxford Book of English Verse ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD Arthur Quiller-Couch, ed. 1919. The Oxford Book of English Verse: John Milton.

46. Overview On Deaf-Blindness DBLINK. The National Information Clearinghouse On Children Who Are Deaf-Blind.Overview on Deaf-blindness. July 2000 Revised. What Is Deaf-blindness? http://www.tr.wou.edu/dblink/ovrview2.htm

DB-LINK Home About DB-LINK DB-LINK Publications DB-LINK Databases ... Search the DB-LINK Website DB-LINK The National Information Clearinghouse On Children Who Are Deaf-Blind Overview on Deaf-Blindness Barbara Miles Barbara Miles is a communication specialist/consultant and teacher, experienced with all ages and levels of persons who are deaf-blind. She has taught regional, national and international seminars on communication issues for children who are deaf-blind. Her articles have been published in the Journal of Vision Impairments and Blindness, Deafblind Education, and regional newsletters. July 2000 Revised What Is Deaf-Blindness? A person who is deaf-blind has a unique experience of the world. For people who can see and hear, the world extends outward as far as his or her eyes and ears can reach. For the young child who is deaf-blind, the world is initially much narrower. If the child is profoundly deaf and totally blind, his or her experience of the world extends only as far as the fingertips can reach. Such children are effectively alone if no one is touching them. Their concepts of the world depend upon what or whom they have had the opportunity to physically contact. Who Is Deaf-Blind, and what are the Causes of Deaf-Blindness?

47. Overview On Deaf-Blindness The National Information Clearinghouse on children who are deafblind.Category Health Conditions and Diseases Deafblindness...... Overview on Deafblindness. Barbara Miles July 2000 Revised. What Is Deaf-blindness?It may seem that deaf-blindness refers to a total inability to see or hear. http://www.tr.wou.edu/dblink/overview.htm

DB-LINK Home To print this document, you may want to switch to the text only version. DB-LINK The National Information Clearinghouse On Children Who Are Deaf-Blind About DB-LINK DB-LINK Publications DB-LINK Databases Selected Topics ... Search the DB-LINK Website Overview on Deaf-Blindness Barbara Miles Barbara Miles is a communication specialist/consultant and teacher, experienced with all ages and levels of persons who are deaf-blind. She has taught regional, national and international seminars on communication issues for children who are deaf-blind. Her articles have been published in the Journal of Vision Impairments and Blindness, Deafblind Education, and regional newsletters. July 2000 Revised What Is Deaf-Blindness? A person who is deaf-blind has a unique experience of the world. For people who can see and hear, the world extends outward as far as his or her eyes and ears can reach. For the young child who is deaf-blind, the world is initially much narrower. If the child is profoundly deaf and totally blind, his or her experience of the world extends only as far as the fingertips can reach. Such children are effectively alone if no one is touching them. Their concepts of the world depend upon what or whom they have had the opportunity to physically contact. Who Is Deaf-Blind, and what are the Causes of Deaf-Blindness?

48. The Strange Symptoms Of Blindness To Motion Learn more about how humans see, how the eye works, color blindness, and more. HowWe See Things That Move. The Strange Symptoms of blindness to Motion. http://www.hhmi.org/senses/b210.html

It's All in the Brain Breaking the Code of Color How We See Things That Move The Strange Symptoms of Blindness to Motion A Hot Spot in the Brain's Motion Pathway Integrating Information About Movement The Quivering Bundles That Let Us Hear Locating a Mouse By Its Sound ... HHMI Home How We See Things that Move: The Strange Symptoms of Blindness to Motion The patient had great difficulty pouring coffee into a cup. She could clearly see the cup's shape, color, and position on the table, she told her doctor. She was able to pour the coffee from the pot. But the column of fluid flowing from the spout appeared frozen, like a waterfall turned to ice. She could not see its motion. So the coffee would rise in the cup and spill over the sides. More dangerous problems arose when she went outdoors. She could not cross a street, for instance, because the motion of cars was invisible to her: a car was up the street and then upon her, without ever seeming to occupy the intervening space. Even people milling through a room made her feel very uneasy, she complained to Josef Zihl, a neuropsychologist who saw her at the Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry in Munich, Germany, in 1980, because "the people were suddenly here or there but I did not see them moving." The woman's rare motion blindness resulted from a stroke that damaged selected areas of her brain.

49. Color Blindness: More Prevalent Among Males Learn more about how humans see, how the eye works, color blindness, and more. Breakingthe Code of Color Color blindness More Prevalent Among Males, http://www.hhmi.org/senses/b130.html

It's All in the Brain Breaking the Code of Color How Do We See Colors? Red, Green, and Blue Cones Color Blindness: More Prevalent Among Males Judging a Color How We See Things That Move The Quivering Bundles That Let Us Hear Locating a Mouse By Its Sound ... HHMI Home Breaking the Code of Color: Color Blindness: More Prevalent Among Males color blindness , but it affects only .4 percent of women. The fact that color blindness is so much more prevalent among men implies that, like hemophilia, it is carried on the X chromosome, of which men have only one copy. (As in hemophilia, women are protected because they have two X chromosomes; a normal gene on one chromosome can often make up for a defective gene on the other.) Nathans himself is not color-blind. Before using his own DNA, he thoroughly tested his color vision to ensure that it was normal. Nevertheless, one of his initial findings presented a puzzle: Lying head to tail along his X chromosome were not just the two genes for the red and green receptors, but also an extra copy of the green receptor gene. Here was the explanation for the prevalence of color blindness, he realized. Because the DNA sequences of the red and green receptor genes are so similar, and because they lie head to tail, it is easy for mistakes to occur during the development of egg and sperm, as genetic material is replicated and exchanged between chromosomes.

50. Inattentional Blindness: An Overview By Arien Mack & Irvin Rock attention. 8. Inattentional blindness. A perceived? These and other questionsset our research agenda. 10. Inattention blindness at Fixation. The http://psyche.cs.monash.edu.au/v5/psyche-5-03-mack.html

Inattentional Blindness may be purchased from Amazon.Com Inattentional Blindness Arien Mack Department of Psychology New School for Social Research USA mackarie@newschool.edu and Irvin Rock Department of Psychology University of California, Berkeley USA PSYCHE, 5(3), May, 1999 http://psyche.cs.monash.edu.au/v5/psyche-5-03-mack.html KEYWORDS: vision, attention, perception, consciousness, inattentional blindness. CHAPTER ONE of Arien Mack and Irvin Rock (1998) Inattentional Blindness. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. 1. Motivation for the Research What is the relationship between attention and perception? How much, if anything, of our visual world do we perceive when we are not attending to it? Are there only some kinds of things we see when we are not attending? If there are, do they fall into particular categories? Do we see them because they have captured our attention or because our perception of them is independent of our attention? Most people have the impression that they simply see what is there and do so merely by opening their eyes and looking. Of course, we may look more closely at some things than at others, which is what we ordinarily mean by "paying attention," but it probably seems to many people as if we see nearly everything in our field of view. There is an opposite experience that also raises questions about the relation between perception and attention. When we are intently awaiting something, we often see and hear things that are not there. For example, many people have had the experience of hearing footsteps or seeing someone who is anxiously awaited even though theperson is not there, and there are no footsteps. On these occasions, it is as if our intense expectation and riveted attention create or at least distort a perceptual object. Here, instead of not seeing (or hearing) what is there when we are distracted, we are seeing (or hearing) what is not there, or perhaps more accurately, misperceiving what may actually be there, but which we are anxiously awaiting. Both experiences appear to implicate attention in the act of perceiving. This kind of experience was eloquently described by William James.

51. Color Blindness - Color Vision An overview of this condition by St. Luke's Cataract Conditions and Diseases Color blindness......Color blindness may be a hereditary condition or caused by disease of the opticnerve or retina. Color blindness. Complete color blindness is very rare. http://www.stlukeseye.com/Conditions/ColorBlindness.asp

Conditions Home Macular Degeneration Diabetic Retinopathy Dry Eye Syndrome ... Services Search Selected by the sciLINKS program, a service of National Science Teachers Association. Treatment Color Blindness Overview Color blindness may be a hereditary condition or caused by disease of the optic nerve or retina . Acquired color vision problems only affect the eye with the disease and may become progressively worse over time. Patients with a color vision defect caused by disease usually have trouble discriminating blues and yellows. Inherited color blindness is most common, affects both eyes, and does not worsen over time. This type is found in about 8% of males and 0.4% of females. These color problems are linked to the X chromosome and are almost always passed from a mother to her son. Color blindness may be partial (affecting only some colors), or complete (affecting all colors). Complete color blindness is very rare. Those who are completely color blind often have other serious eye problems as well. Photoreceptors called cones allow us to appreciate color. These are concentrated in the very center of the retina and contain three photosensitive pigments: red, green and blue. Those with defective color vision have a deficiency or absence in one or more of these pigments. Those with normal color vision are referred to as trichromats. People with a deficiency in one of the pigments are called anomalous trichromats (the most common type of color vision problem.) A dichromat has a complete absence in one cone pigment.

52. What Is Blindness? * DECEMBER 2002 *. Legal blindness is visual acuity of not greater than 20/200 inthe better eye with best correction or a visual field of less than 20 degrees. http://www.nib.org/blindness.htm

IN TOUCH NIB's Internal Newsletter D E C E M B E R Legal blindness is visual acuity of not greater than 20/200 in the better eye with best correction or a visual field of less than 20 degrees. Legal blindness can mean tunnel vision, no central vision, cloudy or extremely blurred vision , seeing just shadows, or no vision at all. What does 20/200 mean? A person with normal visual acuity can see an object clearly, at 200 feet ; a legally blind person must be 20 feet or closer to see the same object. Many different types of visual impairments are caused by conditions such as diabetes, retinitis pigmentosa, cataracts, and macular degeneration. Blind people succeed in the workplace because of access technology, special fixtures and equipment that compensate for various types of visual loss. Low vision devices are also instrumental in maximizing residual vision, not only for work, but also for other aspects of life. Some low vision solutions involve only a hand-held magnifier, the introduction of increased lighting or an adjustment of the background against which a person is working.

53. Internetworking (1.3): Article-Banner Blindness their goal. We have dubbed this phenomenon banner blindness and haveinvestigated it in two experiments. Experiment 1 The purpose http://www.internettg.org/newsletter/dec98/banner_blindness.html

home purpose join itg ITG Publication ... library ARTICLE Banner Blindness: Web Searchers Often Miss "Obvious" Links Jan Panero Benway panero@oxy.edu David M. Lane lane@rice.edu Rice University Suppose you are designing a web page where one particular link among many is likely to be the most used by visitors. For example, perhaps you have a web page for sending text messages to pagers. "Send a message" is likely to be a very popular link, and it is important that all users notice it. On a travel reservations page, the designer wants to be sure that users notice the link for "make a reservation." Web guidelines usually recommend that to make an important item stand out, it should be near the top, and be large and/or brightly colored. For example, the Ameritech web design guidelines state: "In general, the larger an item is, the greater its perceived visual importance and likelihood of attracting attention. Make sure that items of greatest importance are easy to see, and clearly distinguished from other items. (Detweiler & Omanson, 1996)" Although this seems like perfectly good design advice, we have reason to believe it may not be. In a usability test of a corporate intranet, we were interested in finding out whether the novice users could make their way easily from the main home page to a lower-level page on computer training courses. We gave the users the task of finding information about Internet courses. The training page contained the seemingly highly-salient link shown below.

54. The Blindness Foundation Curing blindness in SE Asia ,THE blindness FOUNDATION benefits the poor with provenresults in Orphan Children,AIDS Research elderly blind with cataracts. http://www.blindcure.com/

Website Developed By: P-Code #DA11845ST99

55. BUBL LINK / 5:15 Internet Resources: Blindness Author William Graczyk Subjects blindness DeweyClass 362.4 ResourceType indexLocation usa Last checked 20001110 blindness Resource Centre Documents and http://bubl.ac.uk/link/b/blindness.htm

BUBL LINK / 5:15 Catalogue of Internet Resources Home Search Subject Menus A-Z ... About Blindness See also: eyes A-Z Index Titles Descriptions Betsie: BBC Education Text to Speech Internet Enhancer Blind Readers Page Blindness Resource Centre Braille It ... Topica: Health Page last updated: 17 March 2003 Comments: bubl@bubl.ac.uk Betsie: BBC Education Text to Speech Internet Enhancer Betsie is software (a Perl script) which is intended to make it easier for people using text to speech systems for Web browsing. It rearranges the content of Web pages, renders text in a large, clear font, makes all frames horizontal, removes all table related tags, removes Javascript, and carries out numerous other operations. Most BBC pages are accessible via Betsie, but results from other pages are less reliable. Author: BBC Subjects: blindness, speech processing DeweyClass: ResourceType: service, software Location: uk Last checked: Blind Readers Page Listing of information sources for the blind which offer material in a range of formats such as Braille, recorded cassettes, large print, and electronic texts. Also features links to national organisations, adaptive computer technology suppliers, government agencies, information on guide dogs and mobility, audio books, tactile maps and graphics, and greeting cards. Author: William Graczyk Subjects: blindness DeweyClass: ResourceType: index Location: usa Last checked: Blindness Resource Centre Documents and links to Internet blindness resources. Headings include Braille history, literacy, translators and advocacy, deaf-blind, other disabilities, eye conditions, organisations and research news.

56. Illinois Society For The Prevention Of Blindness Provides public resources for safety and care of eyes, along with eye disease. Includes The Visionary, Category Regional North America Health Conditions and Diseases......Illinois Society for the Prention of blindness is dedicated to the care, protectionand preservation of sight through education, information and research. http://www.eyehealthillinois.org/

Eye Care Eye Disease Eye Safety The Visionary ... Donations Web design - Voras

57. Colorblindness Explained, With New Online Tests Examples of how color-deficient people tend to see colors, with on-line tests.Category Health Conditions and Diseases Color blindness......COLOR blindness illustrated, with online tests, See next page for TESTSfor color deficiency. See Testing Color deficiency (next page). http://members.shaw.ca/hidden-talents/vision/color/colorblind1.html

Discovering and Developing Talents Stephen Holland www.hiddentalents.org C O L O R blindness illustrated, with on-line tests See next page for TESTS for color deficiency See Testing Color deficiency (next page). QUICK COLOR PATCH TEST These 20 patches should all appear as different colors to you. If several look the same You may have color deficiency problems, and /or Your computer may not be able to show different colors.* Check with other people to see what they see (most girls see color correctly). *NOTE: Your computer must be set to show at least " 16 bit " / 65,000 colors on your computer - 256 colors will not work (common on older computers). You can check your computer settings in Windows by clicking on: Boys vs Girls Color deficiency is rare in girl s The genes for color vision are on the X chromosome, and because females have 2 X chromosomes , if one is deficient, the other makes up for it. They even may have more color sensation than males, which might explain why my wife notices color mismatches in my clothing much more than I do. The result is that there are only about 1 in 200+ girls who have color deficiencies , or roughly only one girl in 16 classrooms Color deficiency is common in boys Different books give different figures, from

58. A-Z To Deafblindness Understand more about deafblindness, and the people who live with it, including information about Category Health Conditions and Diseases Deafblindness......AZ to Deafblindness. D Welcome to AZ to Deafblindness Please feel freeto come in and browse around. Information About Deafblindness. http://www.deafblind.com/

A-Z to Deafblindness [D] Welcome to A-Z to Deafblindness Please feel free to come in and browse around. Information About Deafblindness. The Deafblind Manual Alphabet. [D] A Person with a Red and White Cane is a deafblind person. Archives Page. Conferences and Courses about Deafblindness Throughout the World. Deafblindness Resources on the Net. The DB Techies Mailing List. ... Videos about Deafblindness Awareness, and Training Videos. Some other Resources on the net for Blind or Deaf people. Accessible Search Engines on The Net. Blindness Resources on the Net. Deafness Resources on the Net. Disabilities Resources on the Net. ... Some of my Friends on the Net. You can also read A-Z to Deafblindness in French, German, Italian, Portuguese or Spanish. Go to AltaVista's Translator, and enter http://www.deafblind.com I would like to take this opportunity to welcome you to A-Z to Deafblindness, and to thank you for visiting my modest and humble little Web Page. So come on in and make yourself at home, you will be made very welcome. My name is James Gallagher and I am deafblind myself. This site is here to try and offer some help to Blind or deaf people, and especially deafblind people, and those who provide specialised services for those who are deafblind. A-Z to Deafblindness is also here, to make people more aware about deafblindness.

59. The Blindness Resources Page blindness Resources on the Net. Blind Related Links, by Ron Marriage, Oneof the most comprehensive sites about blindness Links on the net. http://www.deafblind.com/blind.html

Go Back to First Page. Blindness Resources on the Net. A Day's Journey, A web page investigating adoption and home schooling of special needs children with especial emphasis on resources available to parents and educators of blind children. This is a remarkable page its full of information and resources. Debbie and her husband have created a wonderful web page. It tells the story of her nine special children. Each one with their own uniqueness and special qualities. parents who have a child with a disability will find this site extremely useful. Ability's , A Web Site that gives access to users with a disability or limited skills, An indexed system of 100's of pages giving information and providing 1000's of links, A very good site indeed, This is the Text only display version, UK. Action for Blind People , UK. Access.Adobe.Com, is a tool that allows blind and visually impaired users to read any document in Adobe PDF format. The tool converts PDF documents into simple HTML or ASCII text which can then be read by a number of common screen reading programs that synthesize the HTML as audible speech. Association for the Blind of Western Australia.

60. General Information - Blindness blindness. independence. Pets, however, compensate very well and arefree of the psychic trauma we associate with blindness. Their http://www.mesavet.com/library/blindness.htm

Blindness General Information Because we, as people, place such great value on eyesight, we are deeply concerned and saddened when we discover a pet is blind. In people, loss of vision brings a loss of a certain amount of independence. Pets, however, compensate very well and are free of the psychic trauma we associate with blindness. Their senses of smell, hearing and touch allow them to perceive their surroundings much better than a blind person. Special Concerns Working or hunting dogs should be retired to a more restricted life. You must decide whether the dog will be acceptable as a pet. Pets that were nippy or anxious when they could see may present problems after they have become blind. Such individuals generally remain nervous, and the risk of biting may increase, especially when small children are involved. As long as your pet remains in a familiar environment, it can navigate very well. Also, pets can generally adapt to changes in their environment if necessary. Whatever the circumstances, please feel free to discuss any concerns you might have with your veterinarian. They understand your feelings, and will respect your final decision on whether or not you wish to keep your pet as a family member.

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