41. InteliHealth: Botulism is listed and crossreferenced in an AZ format. botulism. Health Ato Z, Reviewed by the Faculty of Harvard Medical School botulism http://www.intelihealth.com/IH/ihtIH/WSIHW000/9339/10430.html

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42. Pennsylvania Sea Grant - AVIAN BOTULISM Fact Sheets. AVIAN botulism. The flies provide eggs required in the birdmaggotcycle for the propagation of avian botulism (Figure 2). AVIAN botulism CYCLE. http://www.pserie.psu.edu/seagrant/communication/fact/fs3.html

43. Botulism , causes paralysis; lifethreatening if untreated.......Thanks to Robert F. Boyd, PhD, and Virginia Wirtz, authors of General Microbiology,Disease, botulism. http://www.mwra.state.ma.us/germs/botulism.htm

Thanks to Robert F. Boyd, PhD, and Virginia Wirtz, authors of General Microbiology Disease Botulism Description causes paralysis; life-threatening if untreated Responsible pathogen Clostridium botulinum bacteria Route of exposure gastro-intestinal Mode of transmission food/water borne; grows in food Prevention/Treatment antitoxins; cooking destroys toxin BACK GO TO Cholera Botulism Hepatitis A Dysentery ... Giardia

44. Terrorism: Q & A | Other Biological Agents: Botulism, Plague, Tularemia, HFVs Other Biological Agents botulism, Plague, Tularemia, HFVs Besides anthrax andsmallpox, which biological agents are US authorities most worried about? http://www.terrorismanswers.com/weapons/otheragents.html

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45. Health Canada - It's Your Health - Infant Botulism Infant botulism. The Issue. Honey and Infant botulism. Most honey produced inCanada is not contaminated with the bacteria that can cause infant botulism. http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/english/iyh/diseases/infant_botulism.html

Diseases Breast Cancer Cervical Cancer Colorectal Cancer ... Subscribe Infant Botulism The Issue Infant botulism is a rare disease that can affect otherwise healthy children who are less than a year old. The only food linked to cases of infant botulism in Canada is honey, so Health Canada is advising parents and caregivers not to feed honey to infants. Background The Cause of Infant Botulism Infant botulism is caused by a food poisoning bacterium called Clostridium botulinum. When an infant swallows spores of this bacterium, the spores grow and produce a poison in the baby's intestine. It's easy for infants to come into contact with this bacterium, because it's quite common in soil and dust. The spores have also been found in samples of honey, which is the only food source that has been linked to actual cases of infant botulism. Infant botulism is rare in Canada, with only seven cases reported since 1979. In three of the cases, the child had been given honey. In the United States, about 70 to 90 cases of infant botulism are reported every year. It's quite possible that there have been additional cases in both countries that were misdiagnosed, and therefore not reported. Symptoms of Infant Botulism The earliest and most common symptom of infant botulism is constipation. Other symptoms include general weakness, a weak cry, a poor sucking reflex, irritability, lack of facial expression, and loss of head control. In some cases, the child may have trouble breathing due to paralysis of the diaphragm.

46. Health Canada - Emergency Preparedness - Botuliism botulism. What is botulism? botulism is a rare disease caused by a toxin producedby the sporeforming bacterium Clostridium botulinum. How is botulism spread? http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/english/epr/botulism.html

What you need to know Anthrax Botulism Viral Haemorrhagic Fevers ... Frequently Asked Questions What Health Canada is doing to protect you Centre for Emergency Preparedness and Response (CEPR) Federal Nuclear Emergency Plan Drugs, Medical Devices and Biologics ... Canadian Smallpox Contingency Plan Botulism What is botulism? How is botulism spread? Is botulism spread from person to person? How can botulism be prevented? ... Are there cases of botulism in Canada? What is botulism? Botulism is a rare disease caused by a toxin produced by the spore-forming bacterium Clostridium botulinum . C. botulinum occurs naturally and can be found in soil, water, animals, contaminated food or agricultural products. The toxin produced by C. botulinum is the most potent toxin known and can affect humans, animals, even fish. There are three kinds of botulism that occur naturally: foodborne, wound and infant botulism.

47. Infectious Diseases - Botulism - Methodist Health Care System, Houston, Texas botulism What is botulism? How prevalent is botulism? On average, 110 casesof botulism are reported in the United States each year, Of these http://www.methodisthealth.com/infectious/botulism.htm

Infectious Diseases Home Las Enfermedades Infecciosas ... (en español) Clinical Services The Methodist Hospital Methodist Diagnostic Hospital Methodist Sugar Land Hospital Methodist Willowbrook Hospital ... Statistics Infectious Diseases: Anthrax HIV/AIDS Botulism Chickenpox ... Whooping Cough (Pertussis) Prevention of Infectious Diseases: Handwashing Immunizations Pets and Infectious Diseases Infectious Diseases on the Job ... Appointment Botulism What is botulism? Botulism is a disease caused by a nerve toxin formed from a group of bacteria, called Clostridium botulinum , which are found in soil. Botulism is rare, but can cause serious, paralyzing symptoms and may be fatal. There are seven known botulism toxins, but only toxins type A, B, E, and F are seen as being harmful to humans. From the four toxins that are known to be harmful to humans, there are three kinds of botulism, characterized differently due to their means of exposure: foodborne botulism This type of botulism is caused by eating food contaminated with a botulism toxin. Foodborne botulism can affect a great number of people poisoned by eating contaminated food.

48. Botulism Fact Sheet Information for Persons Who May Have Been Exposed to botulism (Clostridium botulinumtoxin). What is botulism? botulism usually occurs in three forms http://edcp.org/html/botulism.html

EDCP Mission/Vision General Information on Bioterrorism Bioterrorism Information for Health Care Provide rs ... ImmuNet Information for Persons Who May Have Been Exposed to Botulism (Clostridium botulinum toxin) What is Botulism? Botulism is a paralyzing illness caused by a nerve toxin, produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum Botulism usually occurs in three forms: Wound (skin) botulism is a rare disease occurring when C. botulinum spores contaminate a wound and produce toxin Intestinal botulism is most commonly seen in infants and results from intestinal colonization with C. botulinum spores Foodborne botulism is caused by the ingestion of botulinum toxin in contaminated food A person can be exposed by breathing in the toxin if it is intentionally released into the air. This does not occur naturally. How likely is it that I have actually been exposed to botulinum toxin?

49. Botulism Is Food Poisoning From Bacteria botulism (Clostridium botulinum). Frequently Asked Questions. Whatis botulism? botulism is a rare but serious paralytic http://www.oxylit.com/botulism.html

Free Web site hosting - Freeservers.com OXYLIT Contact Us HOME PAGE LINKS Research Information OXYLIT TESTIMONIALS Animal Testimonials Client Testimonials Pet Testimonials HEALTH INFORMATION Alfalfa Information Botulism Information E.coli Information EPA Water Regulations ... Salmonella Information HEALTH PRODUCTS OXYLIT Products World's Best Product Healthy Herbal Nutrients Smoke No More ANIMAL PRODUCTS Equestrian Excellence PET PRODUCTS Pet World Botulism (Clostridium botulinum) Frequently Asked Questions What is Botulism? Botulism is a rare but serious paralytic illness caused by a nerve toxin that is produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum . There are three main kinds of botulism. Foodborne botulism is caused by eating foods that contain the botulism toxin. Wound botulism is caused by toxin produced from a wound infected with Clostridium botulinum . Infant botulism is caused by consuming the spores of the botulinum bacteria, which then grow in the intestines and release toxin. All forms of botulism can be fatal and are considered medical emergencies. Foodborne botulism can be especially dangerous because many people can be poisoned by eating a contaminated food. What kind of germ is Clostridium botulinum Clostridium botulinum is the name of a group of bacteria commonly found in soil. These rod-shaped organisms grow best in low oxygen conditions. The bacteria form spores which allow them to survive in a dormant state until exposed to conditions that can support their growth. There are seven types of botulism toxin designated by the letters A through G; only types A, B, E and F cause illness in humans.

50. Botulism Fact Sheet Provides a fact sheet for botulism.Category Health Conditions and Diseases botulism......botulism (foodborne botulism and infant botulism). What is botulism? Whogets botulism? Foodborne botulism is due to eating the toxin. http://www.vdh.state.va.us/epi/botuf.htm

Botulism (foodborne botulism and infant botulism) What is botulism? Botulism is a food poisoning caused by a toxin produced by bacteria known as Clostridium botulinum. Who gets botulism? Foodborne botulism is due to eating the toxin. It often involves improperly processed home canned foods. Infant botulism has been associated with eating honey that contains the bacterial spores. Light and dark corn syrups have also been reported to contain the spores, although cases of infant botulism have not been linked to corn syrup. How is botulism spread? You cannot get botulism from another person. A person must eat contaminated food that has not been properly cooked or reheated. With infant botulism, an infant must eat bacterial spores and then the bacteria produce the toxin in the gastrointestinal tract. What are the symptoms of botulism? Foodborne and infant botulism produce symptoms that affect the nervous system. The symptoms of foodborne botulism include blurred or double vision, dry mouth, and muscle paralysis that may affect breathing. About 15% of persons with foodborne botulism die. Infant botulism has a wide range of symptoms including constipation, listlessness, weakness, difficulty breathing, poor feeding and poor reflexes. About 2% of the cases of infant botulism die. How soon after exposure do symptoms appear?

51. Botulism botulism up. botulism, This document botulism interim PHLS guidelinesfor action in the event of a deliberate release, A document http://omni.ac.uk/browse/mesh/detail/C0006057L0006057.html

Botulism [up] Related topics: broader Food Poisoning other Botulinum Toxins Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced Myasthenia Gravis Tetanus ... Botulism This document on botulism, a serious paralytic illness caused by a nerve toxin that is produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum is produced and made available on the Web by the Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Answers are provided to a variety of FAQs and covers topics such as what botulism is, how it occurs, epidemiology, clinical signs and symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options. Botulism Popular Works [Publication Type] Botulism : interim PHLS guidelines for action in the event of a deliberate release A document written by the Public Health Laboratory Service (PHLS) outlining their interim guidance for action in the event of a deliberate release of botulinum toxin. These interim guidelines are aimed at healthcare, laboratory and public health professionals and content includes background and clinical information, clinical procedures, laboratory procedures, and public health procedures. Published in October 2001, these guidelines are being continually updated in the light of comments received. This 15 page document is in PDF (requiring Adobe Acrobat Reader). Botulinum Toxins Botulism Prodigy guidance : botulism - deliberate release This clinical guidance on the clinical and public health actions in the event of a deliberate release of botulinum toxin is produced and made available by Prodigy. Prodigy is a project that aims to support GPs during a patient consultation, and is funded by the Department of Health (DoH) and developed by the Sowerby Centre for Health Informatics at Newcastle (SCHIN). This guidance was last revised in November 2001.

52. Emergency Planning Coordination Unit - Deliberate Release DH Home, You are here Public Health Clinical Quality EPCU Deliberate release botulism, EPCU home, Contacts, Glossary, Feedback, botulism. PH Aídes Memoire http://www.doh.gov.uk/epcu/cbr/biol/botlist.htm

A-Z site index Search Links Contact DH ... DH Home You are here: EPCU Deliberate release Botulism EPCU home Primary Care Trusts The NHS Guidance (1998) Deliberate release ... Glossary Botulism Covert Deliberate Release Confirmed Overt Deliberate Release Forms: Immediate Check List Epidemiological Outline Questionnaire Information: Briefing Note for the Public Top Version 2, updated: 12 August, 2002 Deliberate Release Guidance Public Health Response Introduction Guide to investigations - biological and chemical Aide Memoire Bioterrorism 4. Biological Deliberate Release Anthrax Botulism Plague Smallpox ... Chemical Deliberate Release

53. Wound Botulism Find It! Wound botulism. ALERT. Wound botulism has been making injection drugusers in California sick. If you skin pop or mainline heroin http://www.dph.sf.ca.us/HealthInfo/WoundBolutlism.htm

Wound Botulism ALERT Wound Botulism has been making injection drug users in California sick. If you skin pop or mainline heroin... (o en ESPAÑOL What is wound botulism? A very serious disease caused by a bacteria. It can cause paralysis and death. Why is it affecting injection drug users? This disease comes from an infection caused by dirty works, dirty skin or dirty drugs. Most patients have used black tar heroin. What are the symptoms? Beginning symptoms are drooping eyelids, blurred or double vision, sore throat or trouble swallowing. This can progress to complete paralysis and death. What is the treatment? There is no cure. Treatment is to keep the patient alive with a respirator until they get better. What can I do to protect myself? Not injecting drugs will prevent you from getting this disease. If you continue to inject be sure your works and skin are clean. Don't use black tar heroin. It is not possible to kill wound botulism by cooking or cleaning the dope. Don't share-needles, syringes, filters, cookers, or water.

54. E-Bioterrorism.com: Botulism botulism is a paralytic disease caused by a neurotoxin produced by a common soilbacterium, Clostridium botulinum. botulism is not spread personto-person. http://www.e-bioterrorism.com/botulism.html

Healthcare professionals and scientists have carefully prepared this ALtruis Biomedical Network-affiliated site, intended for informational purposes only Partners: Anthrax Botulism Tularemia Smallpox ... Other Agents Botulism is a paralytic disease caused by a neurotoxin produced by a common soil bacterium, Clostridium botulinum . It has potential as a bioweapon because the bacteria is readily available worldwide such that terrorists with knowledge and facilities could produce and harvest the toxin. The toxin is a 150,000 MW protein that is the most lethal substance known, but it is easily destroyed. Delivery could conceivably be via inhalation or ingestion although dissemination would be difficult. The toxin causes muscle paralysis by preventing the release of acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions . Botulism is not spread person-to-person. In the US, about 25 cases of botulism occur per year due to the ingestion of contaminated food. Usually this is due to faulty home canning, but may also occasionally occur in commercially prepared and restaurant food. The toxin can be destroyed by heating for several minutes at 85 C. A lesser known form most common among IV drug users is a wound form where the bacteria grows and releses the toxin within the wound. Inhalation is not a natural form of the disease. Symptoms include gastrointestinal symptoms, double or blurred

55. BOTULISM, INFANT botulism, INFANT. What is infant botulism? Who gets infant botulism? Childrenwho get infant botulism are generally younger than six months old. http://hlunix.hl.state.ut.us/els/epidemiology/epifacts/infantbo.html

BOTULISM, INFANT What is infant botulism? Infant botulism is a disease caused by a toxin produced when the intestines of very young children become infected by the bacteria, Clostridium botulinum Who gets infant botulism? Children who get infant botulism are generally younger than six months old. The spores of Clostridium botulinum are common in soil, and can also be found in a variety of foods and in dust. Infant botulism has been associated with feeding contaminated honey (and rarely corn syrup) to infants, but not in children older than one year of age or in adults. How is infant botulism spread? Infant botulism is not contagious, and person-to-person transmission is not known to occur. An infant must eat the bacterial spores that then multiply and produce the toxin in the digestive tract. What are the symptoms of infant botulism? The initial symptoms of infant botulism are constipation and poor feeding, followed by listlessness and weakness that may be severe enough to make the baby appear "floppy." How soon do symptoms appear?

56. Botulinum Toxin: A Poison That Can Heal The history and lethality of botulism would seem to make it an unlikelysource for a curative substance. Although death rates from http://www.fda.gov/fdac/features/095_bot.html

Botulinum Toxin: A Poison That Can Heal by Luba Vangelova Botulinum toxin can heal as well as harm. The bacterial toxin that can paralyze and kill if consumed in contaminated food is now safely used, in a purified form, as a medicine to control certain conditions marked by involuntary muscle contractions. The history and lethality of botulism would seem to make it an unlikely source for a curative substance. Although death rates from botulism poisoning are just a fraction of what they were 30 years ago, botulism continues to strike dozens of people every yearmost of them infants, according to statistics from the national Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta. "Botulism is still lurking, and if our guard is not up, it will create a problem," says Richard C. Swanson, director of the Food and Drug Administration's division of emergency and investigational operations and one of the agency's representatives to the Inter-agency Botulism Research Coordinating Committee. Botulism-causing Clostridium botulinum bacteria and their spores are everywhere. Prevalent in soil and marine sediments worldwide, their spores are often found on the surfaces of fruits and vegetables, and in seafood. The bacteria and spores themselves are harmless; the dangerous substance is the toxin produced by the bacteria when they grow. There are seven varieties of botulinum toxin, designated by the letters A through G.

57. Alaskan Dilemma: Native Food Preparation Fosters Botulism (January/February 1992 Alaskan Dilemma Native Food Preparation Fosters botulism. by MarianSegal. Cultural traditions die hard. botulism in the United States. http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/CONSUMER/CON00122.html

Alaskan Dilemma: Native Food Preparation Fosters Botulism by Marian Segal Cultural traditions die hard. Passed on from generation to generation, they are a source of pride and enjoyment, often serving to identify and bind the members of the group. But sometimes these customs can be dangerous, even deadly. This is the case with the ways Alaskan Natives prepare certain traditional foods. Some of these methods of preparation foster botulism. Alaskan Natives suffer the highest incidence of botulism in the world, says Jeffery Rhodehamel, research microbiologist with FDA's Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition. Several government agencies, including the Food and Drug Administration, are working with Alaskan Natives to educate them about the dangers and lessen the threat of this disease. "The reason for the high rate of botulism among Alaskan Natives," says Rhodehamel, "is that their traditional ethnic foods involve some risk. Most are home-processed fish or sea mammalswhale blubber [fat], seal flippers, or seal blubberand the methods of preparation foster contamination and growth of Clostridium botulinum. These bacteria produce the deadly botulinal toxin that causes the disease. "Botulism is not new to Alaska. In the early 1900s, explorers and whalers noted that whole families of Natives would be wiped out, with the deaths attributed to ptomaine poisoning. Others later suspected trichinosis to be the cause. It wasn't until the mid-20th century that the Canadian scientist Claude E. Dolman, in a 1960 article in the journal Arctic, postulated botulism as the probable cause, based on the food practices of certain Native populations. In the last 30 years, laboratory methods have confirmed many of the more recent outbreaks as botulism.

58. The GASTROLAB Home Page: Frågor Och Svar Om Botulism (In Swedish) the Image Gallery. Our Webcam showing the Water Tower of Vasa, Finland. Frågor ochSvar om botulism. botulism. Vad är botulism? botulism är synnerligen ovanlig. http://www.gastrolab.net/nqbotuls.htm

the Image Gallery Frågor och Svar om Botulism Botulism Vad är botulism? Botulism är en förgiftning orsakad av toxiner (gifter) producerade av bakterien Clostridium botulinum, tidigare också kallad Bacillus botulinus. Förgiftningen uppträder eftr förtärande av dåligt steriliserade konserver, felaktigt gjorda sillinläggningar eller annan fisk, kött eller korvrätter (namnet kommer från latinets botulus, som betyder korv) infekterade med denna bakterie. Symtomen börjar 12 - 36 timmar efter födointaget, börjande med ögonmuskelförlamning och sväljningsförlamning, och sjukdomen är mycket allvarlig till sin karaktär och har vanligen en dödlig utgång. Etiologi Vad är orsaken till denna sjukdom? Orsaken är alltså föda infekterad med Clostridium botulinum. Clostridium botulinum är en grampositiv bacill och en så kallad anaerob, vilket betyder, att den klarar sig endast i syrafri omgivning, och omgivningens pH bör dessutom vara över 4. En sådan omgivning hittas i konserverad mat, speciellt mat i burk, som tillverkats under bristfälliga omständigheter och inte upphettats tillräckligt så att alla bakterier och sporer förstörts. Med nuvarande standard på den industriella födotillverkningen finns det ingen risk för botulism, men konserver tillverkade hemma kan utgöra en riskfaktor. Det gift bakterien producerar är ett neurotoxin, botulin, som är ett av de mest potenta gifterna av alla kända sådana. En dos om något nanogram är dödlig. Botulin är ett nervgift, som hindrar frigörelse av acetylcholin i nervsystemet och orsakar förlamningar. Giftet är så effektivt, att det studerats noga med tanke på använding i kemisk krigföring eller i terroristaktioner. En minimal mängd blandat i en stads dricksvatten skulle orsaka en katastrof.

59. Facts About Anthrax, Botulism, Plague, And Smallpox Anthrax, Smallpox, botulism, Plague, Public Policy, Resources. botulism. Facts AboutAnthrax, botulism, Plague, and Smallpox 10/23/01, Bioterrorism. HOME. HIV and AIDS. http://www.hivandhepatitis.com/bio/botulism/main.html

Anthrax Smallpox Botulism Plague ... Resources Botulism Facts About Anthrax, Botulism , Plague, and Smallpox Bioterrorism ... HOME

60. Botulism Health Information Download the botulism Health Sheet or view it below. home. botulismIt's summertime. Your garden has produced a bumper crop http://www.granthealth.org/botulism.htm

Download the Botulism Health Sheet or view it below. Botulism It's summertime. Your garden has produced a bumper crop of green beans, spinach, and tomatoes. If you are considering storing the produce for winter consumption, the Grant County Health District and the W.S.U. Cooperative Extension Office are cautioning home canners to follow proper procedures and recipes to prevent botulism poisoning. Botulism poisoning is a potentially fatal food-poisoning disease characterized by blurred or double-vision, speech and breathing difficulty, and progressive paralysis. Without prompt, correct diagnosis and treatment, one-third of those afflicted may die. Spores of the bacteria, Clostridium botulinum, are commonly found in the soil and find their way into almost all fruits, vegetables, meats, and fish. The toxin produced by the botulism bacteria is the most virulent toxin known to man and is considered to be an extreme biohazard. One drop of contaminated food on the tip of the tongue or in a mucosal lining, such as the eye or nose, can be fatal. It is not uncommon for a patient to go through two or three months of intensive medical care and a seven-month hospital stay. In the United States, botulism is a rare disease. Normally, there are just a few cases reported in Washington state each year and 40 or so nationwide. Improper home canning is the most common cause of this deadly disease.

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