1. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy: Main Index, CDC Links to reports on emerging infectious diseases related to BSE and CJD in the USA and UK. http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/diseases/cjd/cjd.htm

Site Contents BSE and CJD CJD: Infection Control Practices vCJD Fact Sheet BSE and CJD Home BSE and CJD Information and Resources New Information: Probable Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease in a U.S. Resident Florida, 2002 Update 2002: Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy and Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease July 2002 Variant CJD: Fact Sheet Since 1996, evidence has been increasing for a causal relationship between ongoing outbreaks in Europe of a disease in cattle, called bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE, or "mad cow disease"), and a disease in humans, called variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD). Both disorders are invariably fatal brain diseases with unusually long incubation periods measured in years, and are caused by an unconventional transmissible agent. BSE has not been detected in the United States, despite active surveillance efforts since May 1990. It is extremely unlikely that BSE would be a foodborne hazard in this country. CDC monitors the trends and current incidence of CJD in the United States, while the U.S. Department of Agriculture has conducted active surveillance efforts for BSE since May 1990.

2. APHIS | Hot Issues bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). The bovine spongiform encephalopathyAddress has changed. The new address is http//www.aphis http://www.aphis.usda.gov/oa/bse/

APHIS Services Find Traveler's Information Search Regulations Find Permit Application Information Download permit forms Apply Online for Import Authorization View Status of Biotech Applications Apply to Import, Move or Field Test Genetically Engineered Organisms Locate Missing Pets Apply for AWA Licenses/Registration Find Vet Accreditation Information Locate Wildlife Damage Resources Report a Pest or Disease View Small Business Information Email Us Privacy Statement EEO Statement USDA ... Return to Home Page Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) The Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Address has changed. The new address is: http://www.aphis.usda.gov/lpa/issues/bse/bse.html Remember to change your bookmark. Wait 10 seconds or click on the new address to link to the correct site.

3. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy - Public Inquiry And Response Report of the Public Inquiry to establish and review the history of BSE and new variant CJD in the United Kingdom and the United States response to BSE. Opened 9 March 1998. http://www.bse.org.uk/

The Inquiry in the United Kingdom This site contains a full text version of the Report of the BSE Inquiry, and all the supporting evidence. The full text of the findings and conclusions Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Also Known As "Mad Cow Disease" Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is a chronic, degenerative disorder affecting the central nervous system of cattle. Other BSE facts: The Untited States The US response in full text The FDA's contingency plan

4. EUROPA - FOOD SAFETY - BSE INFORMATION CONCERNING TRANSMISIBLE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY Biologyof transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. (eg. of Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy A largely failed http://europa.eu.int/comm/food/fs/bse/index_en.html

IMPORTANT LEGAL NOTICE - The information on this site is subject to a and a Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) Speeches and Statements by David Byrne, EU Commissioner for Health and Consumer Protection General information General overview on BSE/TSE Frequently Asked Questions Reports and overview documents Scientific advice Scientific opinions Related press releases Legislation Chronological list of Community legislation General framework Removal of specified risk materials Surveillance and testing ... Trade rules Inspections and control of the Food and Veterinary Office Member States Third countries Impact on trade Determination of the BSE Status Certification/import requirements Statistics Overview of BSE cases worldwide Monthly reports of Member States on BSE and Scrapie Annual Reports Related press releases ... DIRECTORATE GENERAL "HEALTH & CONSUMER PROTECTION"

5. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Fact Sheet N° 113 bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) Please see http//www.who.int/mediacentre/ factsheets/fs113/en/ © WHO/OMS, 2000 Concept http://www.who.int/inf-fs/en/fact113.html

Fact Sheet N° 113 BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY (BSE) Please see: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs113/en/ Concept

6. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) or mad cow disease is a chronic, degenerativedisorder affecting the central nervous system of cattle. Skip navigation. http://www.fda.gov/oc/opacom/hottopics/bse.html

General Background Consumers Latest Actions Industry ... TSE Advisory Committee Briefing Materials (June 28, 2001) Consumer Briefing on BSE/TSE (April 16, 2001) Also Known As "Mad Cow Disease" Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is a chronic, degenerative disorder affecting the central nervous system of cattle. Other BSE facts: Harvard BSE Risk Assessment Study In 1998, the U.S. Department of Agriculture asked the Harvard Center for Risk Analysis to evaluate measures taken in this country to prevent the spread of BSE to animals and humans. The resulting landmark study gives high marks to measures taken so far and shows the risk of BSE occurring in the U.S. to be extremely low. Full Report HHS Statement. General Background FDA's BSE Contingency Plan FDA TSE Action Plan Keeping U.S. BSE free Frequently asked BSE questions ... Food Safety (PDF) Testimony by FDA's Veterinary Medicine Director Countries affected by BSE Consumer Information Travelers' information BSE and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease Bovine-Based Vaccines Vaccine fact sheet Recent Actions Administration Continues to Strengthen BSE Protection HHS Launches Expanded Plan to Combat 'Mad Cow Disease' Prohibited Material Found in Texas Industry/Veterinary Information

7. BSE Information At UIUC of spongiform encephalopathies, timeline and definition of terms......BSE (bovine spongiform encephalopathy or mad cow disease) is a fatal disease affecting cattle and has been transmitted to humans as vCJD (nvCJD). This site is a source of information on both the bovine and human afflictions and is provided by the Mad Cow Disease BSE bovine TSE. BSE is a fatal disease that affects the brain of cattle http://w3.aces.uiuc.edu/AnSci/BSE

Mad Cow Disease - BSE: bovine TSE BSE is a fatal disease that affects the brain of cattle The disease is caused by a "self-replicating" protein; prionPrP Sc Meat, blood and milk have not been shown to carry the infective agent No cases of BSE have been reported in the United States CJD: human TSE C reutzfeldt- J akob D isease (CJD) is a prion disease in humans Almost all cases of CJD are spontaneous, inherited or iatrogenic A variant CJD (vCJD) have been linked to BSE exposure No cases of vCJD have been reported in the United States BSE was first observed in Great Britain in April, 1984, and was specifically diagnosed in 1986. Since 1986, nearly cases of BSE in cattle have been identified in the United Kingdom. The epidemic peaked in 1992-93 at almost 1,000 cases per week. Control measures have reduced incidence and currently, less than 100 cases are being reported per week. Introduction: Description of spongiform encephalopathies, timeline and definition of terms

8. BSE: Glossary Glossary of abbreviations and words relating to BSE. http://www.defra.gov.uk/animalh/bse/glossary.html

DEFRA BSE information Glossary This page defines the abbreviations used on the BSE site. It is not intended as a specialist dictionary of all the technical terms used. A B C D ... XYZ ABPO - Animal By-Products Order AHDO - Animal Health Divisional Office AHO - Animal Health Office BAB - Born After the (feed) Ban BARIMO - Bovine Animals (Records, Identification and Movement) Order 1995 BAS - Beef Assurance Scheme BBSRC - Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council BCMS - British Cattle Movement Service BIP - Border Inspection Post BSE - Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy BVA - British Veterinary Association A B C D E F ... XYZ CBRD - Cattle Birth Record Document CCD - Cattle Control Document CCR - Consultative Committee on Research CHS - Certified Herd scheme CID - Cattle Identification Document CII - Cattle Identification Inspection CJD - Creutzfeldt-Jacob Disease CNS - Central Nervous System COPA - Committee of Agricultural Organisations in the European Economic Community CPAS - Calf Processing Aid Scheme CSF - Cerebro-Spinal Fluid CTS - Cattle Tracing System CVL - Central Veterinary Laboratory CWD - Chronic Wasting Disease A B C D E F G ... XYZ DARD - Department of Agriculture and Rural Development - Northern Ireland DBES - Date based export scheme DEFRA - Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs

9. BSE Home Page Official site is divided into the subject areas of public health, eradication, the beef industry, Europe, science, statistics and publications in connection with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). From the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA). http://www.defra.gov.uk/animalh/bse/

Note: this site is now part of the new Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA). The pages will be updated shortly to fully reflect the new corporate identity of the department. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE), sometimes known as "mad cow" disease , is a disease of cattle first identified in 1986. This site is an authoritative source of information on BSE provided by the Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, a UK Government department. The BSE Inquiry has a dedicated website, although the Government's ' Response to the Report of the BSE Inquiry is available here. A copy of the Government's 'Interim Response is also available on this site. The BSE site has been divided into seven main subject areas: Public Health The controls put in place by the Government for the protection of consumers from BSE, and to ensure that the meat people eat is safe. Eradication The measures taken to eradicate BSE and protect animal health. Beef industry The action taken by the Government to assist the beef industry and maintain the beef supply chain.

10. CJD/BSE Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease/Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Information from the Department of Health (England) on CJD and BSE. Includes monthly statistics, press releases, and details of publications and guidance. http://www.doh.gov.uk/cjd/cjd1.htm

Go back to referring page Main Page Contents Introduction Monthly CJD statistical figures DH press releases on CJD/BSE Relevant CJD/BSE publications and guidance ... Statements Other Resources Chief Medical Officer's (CMO) Letters Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries and Food MAFF The National CJD Surveillance Unit Information ... Search Published by the Department of Health This page last updated 29th October 1998

11. APHIS | Hot Issues bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). Recent News 11/30/01, BSE Risk Assessment.General Information bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) Overview. http://www.aphis.usda.gov/lpa/issues/bse/bse.html

APHIS Services Find Traveler's Information Search Regulations Find Permit Application Information Download permit forms Apply Online for Import Authorization View Status of Biotech Applications Apply to Import, Move or Field Test Genetically Engineered Organisms Locate Missing Pets Apply for AWA Licenses/Registration Find Vet Accreditation Information Locate Wildlife Damage Resources Report a Pest or Disease View Small Business Information Email Us Privacy Statement EEO Statement USDA ... Return to Home Page Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) Recent News USDA Response to GAO Recommendations on BSE Prevention Statement by Secretary of Agriculture Ann M. Veneman Regarding The GAO Report on BSE Administration Continues to Strengthen BSE Protection Systems. Announces Status Report of Actions, Including Doubling of Testing for BSE in Cattle, Following the Harvard BSE Risk Assessment Recent Initiatives Cancellation of Commercial Import Permits for Ruminant Materials Originating in Countries Considered to be Affected With or Have a Significant Risk Associated With Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) Current Thinking On Measures That Could Be Implemented To Minimize Human Exposure To Materials That Could Potentially Contain the Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Agent BSE Risk Assessment General Information

12. CDC - Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy And Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease: Ba bovine spongiform encephalopathy and Variant CreutzfeldtJakob Disease Background,Evolution, and Current Concerns. bovine spongiform encephalopathy. http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol7no1/brown.htm

Current Issue Vol. 7, No. 1 Jan–Feb 2001 Download Article PDF Help Feedback Perspective Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy and Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease: Background, Evolution, and Current Concerns Paul Brown,* Robert G. Will,† Raymond Bradley,‡ David M. Asher,§ and Linda Detwiler¶ *National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; †National Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Surveillance Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland; ‡Central Veterinary Laboratory, New Haw, Addlestone, UK; §Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland, USA; ¶Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Robbinsville, New Jersey, USA The epidemic of bovine spongiform encephalopathy in the United Kingdom, which began in 1986 and has affected nearly 200,000 cattle, is waning to a conclusion, but leaves in its wake an outbreak of human Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, most probably resulting from the consumption of beef products contaminated by central nervous system tissue. Although averaging only 10-15 cases a year since its first appearance in 1994, its future magnitude and geographic distribution (in countries that have imported infected British cattle or cattle products, or have endogenous BSE) cannot yet be predicted. The possibility that large numbers of apparently healthy persons might be incubating the disease raises concerns about iatrogenic transmissions through instrumentation (surgery and medical diagnostic procedures) and blood and organ donations. Government agencies in many countries continue to implement new measures to minimize this risk.

13. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy La traduzione in lingua italiana di una collezione di documenti sulla encefalopatia spongiforme bovina e le sue connessioni con le attivit  economiche agricole di tipo intensivo. Il problema degli stoccaggi delle carcasse animali non risolto a livello aziendale, l'esigenza di risparmiare sul fattore alimentazione. http://personals.ip.ictonline.es/ rerafons/ebsi/actu.htm

14. DEFRA BSE Information Official UK government site which covers a number of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) related subjects, providing information on the disease and efforts to eradicate it. http://www.defra.gov.uk/animalh/bse/index.html

Sorry, the DEFRA BSE Internet site uses frames but your browser does not support them. Use this link to go to an alternate home page: http://www.defra.gov.uk/animalh/bse/default.htm

15. Wired News: Database Aims To Send Mad Cow Disease Packing Every time a cow is sold in Northern Ireland, agriculture authorities know about it a plan that aims to stamp out bovine spongiform encephalopathy. Wired News http://www.wired.com/news/technology/0,1282,2458,00.html

Welcome to Wired News. Skip directly to: Search Box Section Navigation Content Search: Wired News Animations Wired Magazine HotBot (the Web) Database Aims to Send Mad Cow Disease Packing Page 1 of 1 02:47 PM Mar. 10, 1997 PT Mad cow disease may finally be on the run in the United Kingdom, thanks to a combination of plastic tags and a distributed database. The new system may end the export ban on beef in the wake of the disease that has crippled the British beef industry. The system - currently in use in Northern Ireland - involves a uniquely numbered plastic tag that is placed inside each newly born calf's ear. The number is registered with the Department of Agriculture Northern Ireland (DANI), along with the animal's sex and breed. Each time the cow moves through a market or is seen by a vet, the details are entered into a dumb terminal that connects directly to a database maintained by DANI and supplied by Unisys. Story Tools Today's Top 5 Stories Tables Top Typical Bar Diversions Rasta Man Comes in From the Cold The Search for Total Information Saddam's Bunker Stands Tough ... War Hack Attacks Tit For Tat The development of a tracking system is a requirement for lifting the export ban imposed by the European Community, which is currently slated to last until 1999 despite UK governments' orders to cull herds to eliminate infected cows. The disease, also known as bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), has caused grief for British cattle farmers. Until now, farmers have had no universal way to prove their cattle were disease-free.

16. CBER Vaccines The Center regulates vaccine products. Vaccines undergo a rigorous review of laboratory and clinical data to ensure the safety, efficacy, purity and potency of these products. Major sections are Flu Vaccine, Thimerosal, Anthrax, and bovine spongiform encephalopathy, ( mad cow disease. ) http://www.fda.gov/cber/vaccines.htm

Blood Therapeutics Vaccines Allergenics ... About Us The Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER) regulates vaccine products. Many of these are childhood vaccines that have contributed to a significant reduction of vaccine-preventable diseases. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, vaccines have reduced preventable infectious diseases to an all-time low and now few people experience the devastating effects of measles, pertussis and other illnesses. Vaccines, as with all products regulated by FDA, undergo a rigorous review of laboratory and clinical data to ensure the safety, efficacy, purity and potency of these products. Vaccines approved for marketing may also be required to undergo additional studies to further evaluate the vaccine and often to address specific questions about the vaccine's safety, effectiveness, or possible side effects. VAERS ), a cooperative program for vaccine safety. VAERS is a post-marketing safety surveillance program, collecting information about adverse events (side effects) that occur after the administration of US licensed vaccines. Reports to the VAERS program are welcome from all concerned individuals: patients, parents, health care providers, pharmacists, and vaccine manufacturers. Additional information concerning preventive vaccines and vaccine preventable diseases is available at the CDC National Immunization Program WWW site: http://www.cdc.gov/nip/

17. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy And New Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease, CDC Please the bovine spongiform encephalopathy and CreutzfeldtJakob Disease homepage at http//www.cdc.gov/ncidod/diseases/cjd/ cjd.htm instead, and update your bookmarks, favorites, or links. http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/diseases/cjd/qa96bse.htm

Site Contents BSE and CJD CJD: Infection Control Practices BSE and CJD Home This page, "Questions and Answers Regarding Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) and Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD)", is no longer posted. Please the Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy and Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease homepage at http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/diseases/cjd/cjd.htm instead, and update your bookmarks, favorites, or links. Top of page BSE and CJD Home Contact Us CDC Home ... Health Topics A-Z This page last reviewed January 4, 2001 All information presented in these pages and all items available for download are for public use. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Infectious Diseases Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases US Department of Health and Human Services

18. Animalscience.com bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). Geographical Distribution of Countries that reported BSE Confirmed Cases from http://www.cabi.org/whatsnew/bse/bseindex.htm

Welcome to animalscience.com

19. Well Within - Mad Cow Disease & Contaminated Meat/Blood Products/Organs/Hormones bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and CJD; possible contamination of meat, blood products, certain hormones, organs for transplant. Links to relevant information. http://www.nccn.net/~wwithin/bse.htm

Dangers Dangers of Mad Cow Disease (Creutzfeld/Jakob Disease, BSE - Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy) and possible contamination of meat, blood products, certain hormones, organs for transplant Revised November 10, 2000 Please inform yourselves Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Affinity Mad Cow Disease Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) BSE ... Oprah Winfrey Show 4/16/96 Oprah is being sued by meat industry for telling about this issue on her show and saying she'd never eat meat again! The Prion Diseases Howard Lyman, The Mad Cowboy website Howard Lyman who was on Oprah when the beef industry became unhappy Official Mad Cow Disease Homepage Mad Cow Disease Special Report Transcript of Oprah Winfrey Show on Mad Cow Disease BSE IN the U.S. - ? Alzheimer's? http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/08/24/bc.health.madcow.reut/ http://www.jubilee-newspaper.com/mad_cow_96.htm http://home.earthlink.net/~astrology/udder.htm http://www.msnbc.com/news/439861.asp?cp1=1 ... Back to Top

20. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) Location WHO WHO Sites CSR Home Diseases Bovine spongiformencephalopathy (BSE). bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). http://www.who.int/entity/csr/disease/bse/en

English Search Home Countries Health Topics ... Media Centre Location: WHO WHO Sites CSR Home Diseases Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) Impact of BSE Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease Surveillance and control Information dissemination ... Information resources Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are a family of diseases of humans and animals characterized by spongy degeneration of the brain with severe and fatal neurological signs and symptoms. In animals, scrapie is a common disease in sheep and goats. Mink and North American mule deer and elk can contract TSEs. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is also a TSE, affecting a number of species (cattle, human, cats, some types of animals in 300 settings). BSE is a transmissible, neuro-degenerative fatal brain disease of cattle. The disease has a long incubation period of 4-5 years and it is fatal for cattle within weeks to months of its onset. The nature of the BSE agent is still being debated. Strong evidence currently available supports the theory that the agent is composed largely, if not entirely, of a self-replicating protein, referred to as a prion. It is transmitted through the consumption of BSE-contaminated meat and bone meal supplements in cattle feed. FOR MORE INFORMATION WHO fact sheet on BSE WHO fact sheet on Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease Disease Outbreak News: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease HIGHLIGHTS New publication for governments and consumer associations - Understanding the BSE threat [.pdf]

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