41. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy bovine spongiform encephalopathy up. Related topics Bovine spongiformencephalopathy, Published on the Web by the Food and Agriculture http://agrifor.ac.uk/browse/cabi/detail/2122455b9470c75af1d503ff14a55d33.html

bovine spongiform encephalopathy [up] Related topics: broader cattle diseases prion diseases Bovine spongiform encephalopathy Published on the Web by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), this report was written in 1993 by Richard H. Kimberlin of the Scrapie and Related Diseases Advisory Service (SARAD), Edinburgh. This report provides an introduction to BSE, and outlines its geographical distribution, economic implications, aetiology, epidemiology, clinical signs, pathology, diagnosis, prevention, and control and eradication. A list of references is provided, and the report is in HTML format. Food and Agriculture Organization bovine spongiform encephalopathy infectious diseases prion diseases ... Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) Written and published on the Web by the United States Department of Agriculture's (USDA's) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), this site provides information on BSE and other Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSE's), including Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Information is provided on a variety of BSE and TSE related topics, including BSE in the UK, BSE in the USA, Clinical Signs of BSE, Diagnosis of BSE, scrapie, and chronic wasting disease (CWD) of deer and elk. Some of these documents are in PDF format and can be viewed using Adobe Acrobat Reader. A bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) response plan summary prepared by APHIS and the Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) is available in PDF format.

42. ‹ŠC–ȏó”]ÇiBSEj‚̃y[ƒW(Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (B bovine spongiform encephalopathy ( BSE ). WWW Site. WHO TransmissibleSpongiform Encephalopathies (TSE) OIE bovine spongiform encephalopathy. http://niah.naro.affrc.go.jp/disease/bse/bse-s.html

‹ŠC–ȏó”]Ç iBSEj‚̃y[ƒW Last updated 2003/3/28 English y z y Œú¶˜J“­Èu‹ŠC–ȏó”]ÇiBSEjŠÖŒWvƒz[ƒ€ƒy[ƒW z ‹ŠC–ȏó”]Ç-Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy ( BSE ) y¶ŽÊ^z‹ŠC–ȏó”]Çi‹¶‹•aj‚̈ê—ái‰p‘j Michael Greger y’†‰›‹y‚щEŽÊ^zBSEœëŠ³‹‚̉„‘B_Œo×–E‹y‚ÑŽüˆÍ‚̐_Œo–Ô‚É‹ó–E‚ªŒ©‚ç‚ê‚éB ƒAƒXƒgƒƒTƒCƒgiŽüˆÍ‚̏¬‚³‚ÈŠjj‚ª‘B‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éBˆÍŠÇ«×–EZ“™‚̉ŠÇ”½‰ž‚Í‚È‚¢B ’†‰›x100,‰Ex200 ”]Þ—¿‚Ì• ”sE•Ï”s‚ªˆÙíƒvƒŠƒIƒ“’`”’Ž¿(PrP Sc )‚ÌŒŸo‚É‹y‚Ú‚·‰e‹¿ ‹“`’B«ŠC–ȏó”]ÇiBovine Spongiform EncephalopathyF‚a‚r‚dj‚Ì”­¶‚Æ“®•¨‰q¶Œ¤‹†Š‚̑Ήž i•½¬‚P‚R”N‚P‚OŒŽ‚Q‚Q“ú) ‹ŠC–ȏó”]ÇiBSE)ƒT[ƒxƒCƒ‰ƒ“ƒXŽ–‹Æ‚Æ“®•¨‰q¶Œ¤‹†Ši2001/10/5XVj “®•¨‰q¶Œ¤‹†Š‚Ì‹ŠC–ȏó”]ÇCƒvƒŠƒIƒ“CƒXƒNƒŒƒCƒs[‚È‚Ç‚ÌŒ¤‹†‚ÌŒoˆÜ‚ÆŠÖ˜A‹ÆÑ “®•¨‰q¶Œ¤‹†Š‚É‚¨‚¯‚é“`’B«ŠC–ȏó”]ÇŒ¤‹†‚ÌŒoˆÜ (Last updated 26 July, 2001)

43. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE):i‰¼–ójINDEX bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) ()INDEX. Last updatedMar 11, 1997 www@niah.affrc.go.jp Dr. J Ralph Blanchfield http://niah.naro.affrc.go.jp/disease/bse/ifst/ifst.html

Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE): i‰¼–ójINDEX Last updated Mar 11, 1997 www@niah.affrc.go.jp Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE): Part 1/6i‰¼–ój Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE): Part 2/6i‰¼–ój Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE): Part 3/6i‰¼–ój Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE): Part 4/6i‰¼–ój ³Šm‚ðŠú‚·‚½‚ß‚ÉŒ´•¶ŒfÚ‚µ‚Ü‚·‚Ì‚ÅŽŸ‚ð‚²——‚­‚¾‚³‚¢B Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE): Part 1/6 Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE): Part 2/6 Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE): Part 3/6 Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE): Part 4/6 ... BSE‚Ö–ß‚é

44. MEL: Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) Or "Mad Cow Disease" bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) or Mad Cow Disease . USDA APHIS BovineSpongiform Encephalopathy (BSE); What the Heck is Mad Cow Disease? http://mel.lib.mi.us/health/health-BSE.html

Michigan.gov Home HAL Home MeL Internet MeL Magazines and eBooks Health Information Resources About the Health Collection Back to the Health Index Medline Evaluating Health Information ... Michigan Health and Hospitals Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) or "Mad Cow Disease" British Medical Journal New Variant Creutzfeld-Jakob Disease/BSE/Mad Cow Disease Centers for Disease Control BSE and CJD Information and Resources CDC Health Information for International Travel Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy ("Mad Cow Disease") and New Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (nvCJD) Food Marketing Institute Backgrounder: Bovine Growth Hormone or Bovine Somatropin Information concerning BSE for the scientific world (Bovine spongiform encephalopathy) [or "Mad Cow Disease"] Steve Dealler MSNBC Health pages: The mysteries of mad cow disease The Official Mad Cow Page Sperling Biomedical Foundation Organic Consumers Association Mad Cow Disease and Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) UK BSE Inquiry Homepage Includes UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs BSE USDA APHIS Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) What the Heck is "Mad Cow" Disease?

45. CAHP: BSE Information bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) Mad Cow Disease. This siteaims to provide information about the BSE situation. We have http://cahpwww.vet.upenn.edu/bse/bseinfo.html

Center for Animal Health and Productivity CAHPWWW Field Investigation BSE Search Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) [Mad Cow Disease] This site aims to provide information about the BSE situation. We have chosen to feature primary sources and other reports that we find well-founded. BSE is, however, a controversial issue with many various view points. We will try to include as many links as possible so that you will be able to reach your own conclusions. Bulletins from the CAHP Field Investigation Unit Answers to common questions about Mad Cow Disease Spongiform Encephalopathies (Images) BSE Epidemic BSE: General Information, News Releases, Publications (DEFRA), UK Creutzfeld-Jakob Disease (CJD) WHO Report (April 1996) Background Information IFST Hot Topic: BSE More about pathogenesis of TSEs WHO Fact Sheet More sources of information AnimalConcerns.Org Beef.Org British Medical Journal Bundesamtes fuer Veterinaerwesen ... Roland Heynkes Home Page (Information on Prion Diseases) IAO BSE Links Independent Agrochemical Observer Japanese National Institute of Animal Health McSpotlight Animal Welfare (US Mirror site) The Official Mad Cow Disease Home Page The Vegetarian Society of the United Kingdom VIVA Content questions? Dr. Tom Parsons:

46. Food Standards Australia New Zealand: Proposal P238 - Bovine Spongiform Encephal Supporting documentation. Proposal P238 bovine spongiform encephalopathy(BSE). Final Assessment Report - 18 December 20002 pdf 914kb html . http://www.anzfa.gov.au/standardsdevelopment/proposals/proposalp238bovinespongif

Standards Development Applications Proposals Proposal P90 - Country of Origin Labelling Proposal P93 - Review of Infant Formula ... Proposal P237 - Country of Origin Lalbelling of Food Proposal P238 - Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) Proposal P239 - Listeria Proposal P240 - Advisory Statement for Reduced Fat and Condensed Milks Proposal P241 - Revised MRL Schedule Proposal P242 - Foods for Special Medical Purposes ... Supporting documentation Proposal P238 - Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) Final Assessment Report - 18 December 20002 [ pdf 914kb ] [ html ] Pre - Final Assessment Report (s.37) - 2 October 2002 [ pdf 857 kb html Full Assessment Report - 9 May 2001 [ pdf Privacy Employment Links ... Site Map

47. Www.foodsafety.gov - Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy bovine spongiform encephalopathy Mad Cow Disease Federal GovernmentWeb Sites. BSE Documents (APHIS) TSEs, CreutzfeldtJakob Disease http://www.foodsafety.gov/~fsg/bse.html

Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy "Mad Cow Disease" Federal Government Web Sites BSE Documents (APHIS) TSEs, Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD), Scrapie, USDA Actions BSE Documents (CDC) Emerging Infectious Diseases and Morbity and Mortality Weekly Reports BSE Documents (FAS) Reports, Guidelines, Directives BSE Documents (FDA) Updates, Guidance Documents, Federal Register Notices, Public Fora-Related Information, and Other Information BSE Documents (FSIS) Background, Risk Analysis Meeting Federal Agencies Take Special Precautions to Keep "Mad Cow Disease" Out of the United States February 5, 2001 (HHS) International Web Sites Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSE) (WHO) State and Local Government Web Sites Rendering (Department of Health, Texas) Additional links to federal, state and local government agencies. www.FoodSafety.gov Privacy Accessibility Webmaster

48. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy bovine spongiform encephalopathy up. Related topics other, nervoussystem diseases. bovine spongiform encephalopathy, Published on http://vetgate.ac.uk/browse/cabi/detail/2122455b9470c75af1d503ff14a55d33.html

bovine spongiform encephalopathy [up] Related topics: broader cattle diseases prion diseases spongiform encephalopathy other nervous system diseases Bovine spongiform encephalopathy Published on the Web in November 2001 by the Veterinary Services division of the US Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS). This fact sheet provides information on bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), a chronic degenerative disease affecting the central nervous system of cattle. Information is provided on the history of BSE, clinical signs, epidemiology, related diseases, and the USDA actions in response to BSE. USA bovine spongiform encephalopathy disease control Bovine spongiform encephalopathy Published on the Web by the Office International des Epizooties (OIE) this fact sheet was updated in April 2002 and provides information on Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), covering aetiology, epidemiology, diagnosis, and prevention and control. References and links to other information sources are available. Office International des Epizooties bovine spongiform encephalopathy cattle diseases Bovine spongiform encephalopathy Published on the Web by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), this report was written in 1993 by Richard H. Kimberlin of the Scrapie and Related Diseases Advisory Service (SARAD), Edinburgh. This report provides an introduction to BSE, and outlines its geographical distribution, economic implications, aetiology, epidemiology, clinical signs, pathology, diagnosis, prevention, and control and eradication. A list of references is provided and the report is in HTML.

49. Mad Cow Disease Or Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) In Europe - Travel Med Health Canada is aware of travellers' concerns about recent reports of domesticanimal cases of mad cow disease or bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/pphb-dgspsp/tmp-pmv/2001/bse_e.html

Travel Health Advisory Mad Cow Disease or Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) in Europe Health Canada is aware of travellers' concerns about recent reports of domestic animal cases of mad cow disease or bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in Europe. BSE is a fatal degenerative illness that affects the central nervous system of cattle. It is part of a family of diseases known as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, or TSEs, whose different forms affect different species of animals. All TSEs are believed to be linked to an abnormal form of a protein known as a prion. A build-up of this abnormal protein leads to a sponge-like appearance of the affected brain, causing neurological illness and eventual death. Diagnosis of BSE, not possible in live animals, can only be done by examining an animal's brain after death. A human form of TSE was first diagnosed in the 1920s and was named Creutzfeld-Jacob disease (CJD) after the two German scientists who described the illness. Classical CJD (cCJD) occurs naturally in the population at a rate of approximately one person per million individuals per year, making it extremely rare. On average, 30 Canadians will be diagnosed with cCJD each year, with an average age of 60 years. There is no known cure for the disease. In the early 1990s, British researchers noted a new illness having many of the classical CJD symptoms, but with several unique characteristics. Most notably, the emerging illness affected people in their late 20s. In 1996, researchers confirmed a new variant of CJD, now called vCJD. The cause of vCJD appears to be the consumption of beef and beef products from cattle infected with BSE. Following this discovery, strict measures were put in place in the UK and elsewhere to control the spread of BSE among cattle and to minimize the risk to human and animal health.

50. Srb91-05 bovine spongiform encephalopathy. NAL call number 470 SC12 DESCRIPTORSbovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), review, issues. http://www.nal.usda.gov/awic/pubs/oldbib/srb91-05.htm

ISSN: 1052-536X BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY Provided by the Animal Welfare Information Center United States Department of Agriculture National Agricultural Library United States Department of Agriculture National Agricultural Library Beltsville, Maryland 20705 SRB 91-05 Special Reference Briefs Janice C. Swanson Animal Welfare Information Center December 1990 National Agricultural Library Cataloging Record: Swanson, Janice C. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (Special reference briefs ; 91-05) 1. Cattle Diseases Bibliography. I. Title. aS21.D27S64 no.91-05 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction General and Review Articles ............................. 1 Epidemiology and Diagnoses .............................. 48 Transmission ............................................ 76 ... Author Index INTRODUCTION The first observation of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is estimated to have occurred in Great Britain in April of 1985. A specific diagnosis was arrived at in 1986. By June of 1990 there were 14,324 confirmed cases out of an estimated population of 10 million cattle in Great Britain (2, 22, 23, 104). Other cases have been reported in Ireland and Oman in 1989 and 1990, respectively (22, 23, 62, 52).

51. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy bovine spongiform encephalopathy, Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies,Chronic Wasting Disease. Animal Welfare Information http://www.nal.usda.gov/awic/news/bse/bse.htm

Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies, Chronic Wasting Disease Animal Welfare Information Center United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service National Agricultural Library USA Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy - U.S. Food and Drug Administration Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy - USDA, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service and Food Safety Inspection Service Chronic Wasting Disease - Steenbock Memorial Library, University of Wisconsin-Madison National Animal Disease Center - USDA, Agricultural Research Service National Biosecurity Resource Center for Animal Health Emergencies National Center for Infectious Disease - Center for Disease Control. BSE and CJD Information and Resources USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Programs Homepage Searchable page for research projects by typing disease terms (such as bse, fmd, etc.) into search box. Other Animal Feed Safety - Food and Agriculture Organization, Animal Production and Health Division Hot Issues on BSE - Australian Animal Health Office International des Epizooties - World Organisation for Animal Health Additional Links Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) and Other Animal Related Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies - March 2001, Revised September 2002 (AWIC Series 2001-01)

52. Bmj.com Page Not Found Similar pages bovine spongiform encephalopathybovine spongiform encephalopathy back to keyword index. Politics ofGM food risk, science and public trust, A researchbased analysis http://www.bmj.com/bmj/bse.htm

Home Help Search/Archive Feedback File Not Found ...yet The requested URL was not found. Note (added 5 June 98): We have received a lot of missing page requests for URLs which start http://www.bmj.com/bmj/archive... To get to these pages on the new site simply remove the "bmj" in the middle of the URL. Example: http://www.bmj.com/bmj/archive/6991ed2.htm becomes http://www.bmj.com/archive/6991ed2.htm In putting together this site, we have gathered content from a number of different locations. Links from one area to another may not all work. Please take a look at a note from the HighWire developers to get an insight of what work has happened to bring together the site you see now (and why you might be getting this File Not Found page). We have tried to preserve as many old link locations from the previous site as possible, but things fall through the cracks. We will endeavor to repair links if you would bring to our attention via the Feedback page the URL of the page you were trying to access. If you have received this error by trying to use an outdated bookmark , please use the Search/Browse page to re-locate the page of interest.

53. Australia's Response To Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) In Animals, Commo on measures taken by the Commonwealth Government to protect the health of the Australianpublic in response to bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in animals http://www.health.gov.au/pubhlth/strateg/bse/

This site uses Javascript for its navigation, if you have javascript turned off please use the buttons on the left hand side of the page. Please select a topic from list... Alcohol Australia's Biosecurity Health Response Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) Bowel Cancer Screening Pilot Breastfeeding BreatScreen Australia Cervical Screening Program National Child Nutrition Program Communicable Diseases National Comorbidity Project Disaster Medicine Unit Environmental Health Falls Prevention for Older People Initiative Folate Food Policy Group Health Inequalities Research Collaboration (HIRC) Hepatitis C HIV/AIDS Immunise Australia Program Injury Prevention JETACAR National Drug Strategy National Illicit Drug Strategy (Tough on Drugs) National Health Strategy Papers Physical Activity Pituitary Hormone Initiatives Population Health Social Marketing Promoting Healthy Weight Tobacco Australia's Response to Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) in animals, commonly known as "Mad Cow Disease" and its links to Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD) Latest News Draft Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease(vCJD) Family Support Response Plan How Australia will Respond to our First Case of vCJD: A Guide for the Public (pdf file 38Kb) Welcome to the website detailing Australia's health response to Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) and its links to variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD).

54. Free Of Mad Cow Disease bovine spongiform encephalopathy (Mad Cow Disease). bovine spongiform encephalopathy(Mad Cow Disease) PPA (Phenylpropanolamine) Information Be Smart Click Here. http://www.nspcentral.com/madcow.htm

NSPCentral.com The Herb Specialist Nature's Sunshine Products Are Guaranteed to Be Free of Mad Cow Disease (BSE) Because of NSP's long-standing commitment to superior quality, our consumers may rest assured that all of our products are free of Mad Cow Disease. NSP has taken steps to protect our customers from this anathema for nearly a decade. As an additional proactive measure to ensure safe products, NSP has obtained a written guarantee from each of our bovine material suppliers that the materials are free from disease. All bovine raw materials used in our products are sourced exclusively from countries deemed by U.S. regulatory authorities to be "BSE-free." Our gelatin products, including the capsules that encase many of our products, are especially safe from contamination. In addition to the above precautions, we ensure that gelatin of bovine origin we procure has been specially processed at temperatures and pH levels that denature the proteinaceous prions that transmit the disease, should they somehow be present. Ed Corlett, of the USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Public Affairs Office, said of Nature's Sunshine Products, "Companies like yours, that take proactive measures to keep the public safe, will prevent the spread of BSE."

55. Foot And Mouth Disease Information Page An overview of bovine spongiform encephalopathy bovine spongiform encephalopathyis a disease of adult cattle affecting the central nervous system. http://ianrhome.unl.edu/inthenews/bse.shtml

IANR Home IANR News Home Headlines World Ag News ... U.K. Info Bovine spongiform encephalopathy BSE information sites NebFact on BSE Guarding Against Contagious Livestock Diseases from Farm Visitors Audio Information about BSE ... Reporting Foot and Mouth and "Mad Cow" Diseases in Livestock: A Primer for Nebraska Media More Topics Confronting the possibilities of agroterrorism: resources Foot-and-mouth disease An overview of bovine spongiform encephalopathy Key information about BSE Disease statistics for Great Britain Number of reported cases worldwide , excluding the United Kingdom Responses to BSE by governmental agencies David R. Smith, DVM, Ph.D, Extension Beef/ Dairy Veterinarian What is BSE?

56. CJD/BSE Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease/Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy CREUTZFELDTJAKOB DISEASE (CJD) bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). http://www.doh.gov.uk/cjd/cmo96_1.htm

BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY (BSE) Go back to referring page Main Page 20th March 1996 - CEM/CMO/96/1 MESSAGE FROM SIR KENNETH CALMAN, CHIEF MEDICAL OFFICER A NEW VARIANT OF CJD A statement has been made today in the Houses of Parliament about a new variant of CJD and the possibility that this is linked to BSE exposure before the specified bovine offal (SBO) ban in 1989. GPs and public health physicians in particular are likely to receive requests for information and advice. This brief note is designed to help you respond. Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) is a rare neurological disease, first described in the 1920s and found worldwide. It usually presents in late middle-age with progressive dementia, and is usually fatal within 6 months. It is characterised by spongiform changes in the brain, but this can only readily be diagnosed at post mortem. CJD occurs worldwide at an annual incidence rate of 0.5-1 per million per annum. In view of concerns that BSE could possibly be transmissible to man, the CJD Surveillance Unit was set up in 1990 to monitor the incidence of disease in the UK. To date, the UK annual incidence remains within expected limits - in 1994 the incidence was 0.92 per million and the provisional figure for 1995 is 0.64 per million.

57. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE-"Mad Cow Disease") bovine spongiform encephalopathy ( BSE ) IN JAPAN confirmed. Questionsand Answers About bovine spongiform encephalopathy ( BSE). http://ss.niah.affrc.go.jp/disease/bse/bse.html

Welcome to the National Institute of Animal Health(Japan) Japanese (Last updated 3 Feb, 2003) www@niah.affrc.go.jp Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy ( BSE ) IN JAPAN: confirmed [Source: OIE Disease Information] Information received on 10 Sep 2001 from Dr Shigeo Miyajima, Director of Animal Health Division, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo: A 5-year-old Holstein cow kept on a dairy farm in Chiba prefecture was slaughtered on 6 Aug 2001 at an abattoir. As the cow had dystaxia, a brain sample was taken and sent to the National Institute of Animal Health (NIAH) and subjected to Prionics Check test with a negative result on 15 Aug 2001. A brain sample from this cow was also sent to the prefecture Livestock Hygiene Service Center and subjected to histopathological examination and found to have vacuoles on 24 Aug 2001. The same brain sample was sent to the NIAH on 6 Sep 2001 for histopathological examination with the same result, and subjected to immunohistochemical examination with a positive result on 10 Sep 2001. Control measures: immediately after bovine spongiform encephalopathy was suspected, the herd was been placed under quarantine by the prefecture veterinary inspector.

58. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE-"Mad Cow Disease") The summary for this Japanese page contains characters that cannot be correctly displayed in this language/character set. http://ss.niah.affrc.go.jp/bse/bse-s.html

‹ŠC–ȏó”]Ç-Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy ( BSE )‚̃y[ƒW‚͉º‹LURL‚Ɉڍs‚µ‚Ä‚¨‚è‚Ü‚·B http://niah.naro.affrc.go.jp/disease/bse/bse-s.html

59. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), or mad cow disease. Bovine spongiformencephalopathy (BSE) and CreutzfeldtJakob disease (CJD). http://www.brunel.ac.uk/research/cshsd/bovine_spongiform_encephalopathy.htm

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), or mad cow disease By Stuart Neilson, PhD, director of medical information systems at the Centre for the Study of Health (CSHSD) , Brunel University (click on my name to send me mail, but please include a descriptive Subject: line in the message). The latest version of this document can be found at http://http2.brunel.ac.uk:8080/~hssrsdn/bse/article.htm Follow these links to return to the index , for a list of references to this article , a bibliography of BSE research and other TSE research. Note: Full abstracts of many of the papers cited here are available from the browsable CABI BSE database. A comma-delimited-list file is also available in compressed form. Abstracts are a good starting point, but reading the original article is well advised. How did it arise? 1.1 The mainstream hypothesis What is not doubted is that infection by scrapie did not cause the epidemic, which was caused by the recycling of cattle protein back to cattle. Although scrapie can be transmitted to cattle [Gibbs et al, 1991] it has proved far less infectious than BSE-infected cattle brain. The potential for human risk has also been present throughout the epidemic [Patterson and Dealler, 1995]. 1.2 The environmental hypotheses

60. VEIN Links : Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy BSE Recommended resources for veterinary and animalscience. BSE bovine spongiform encephalopathy. http://vein.library.usyd.edu.au/links/bse.html

About VEIN Research databases Links Library catalogue ... Links Recommended resources for veterinary and animal science BSE: Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy About the disease General resources Reports and inquiries Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) Recommended research databases and indexes Search the Internet Suggest a site This page is maintained with the assistance of Dr Robert Dixon of the University of Sydney, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Dr Andrew Turner. About the disease Also known as "mad cow disease", this is one of a number of transmissible encephalopathies that affect a range of species. Its cause is considered to be due to a 'prion', a mutant protein that is able to infect cells and induce the natural non-mutant protein in these cells to change its conformation into the mutant protein. This mutant protein proliferates and accumulates, inducing cellular disfunction and death. There is a long incubation in the disease with an insidious onset of signs. Central nervous signs include behavioural changes where animals become apprehensive or more nervous when having to go through gates etc. Animals will also show abnormalities in gait and posture including hindlimb ataxia and hypermetria. Affected cattle may also be hyperaesthetic reacting to sound or touch. All of these signs may be present. Increasing debility and weight loss occurs and progression to death can take up to several months. The important feature of the mutant prion proteins of TSE diseases are that they are relatively indestructible compared to normal brain cell proteins by being resistant to formalin and most disinfectants and highly resistant to heat. Temperatures of 1340C in steam at 3 bar pressure for 20 min is required to destroy prion activity.

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