81. Medicine Online Medical Reference, Cosmetic Plastic Surgery, Bid For Rx, Medicat Diseases and Conditions Infectious Diseases - Bovine SpongiformEncephalopathy. MAFF, UK BSE (bovine spongiform encephalopathy http://www.medicineonline.com/Default.asp?SubSubCatID=192&Main=1

82. MR MI Deployment Exposures - Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (Mad Cow Disease) bovine spongiform encephalopathy (Mad Cow Disease). The recent casesof bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in the United Kingdom http://deploymentlink.osd.mil/medical/medical_issues/deployment_exposures/mad_co

Deployment Exposures BSE (Mad Cow) Chemical Warfare Depleted Uranium ... Medical Record Keeping Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (Mad Cow Disease) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Travel Advisory on BSE . In the advisory the CDC notes that the relative risk of becoming infected with vCJD is very small. They estimate that the chances of contracting vCJD is less than one in 10 billion servings, if at all. Additionally, there is a recently announced ban on blood donations from all persons who have lived for six months or longer in the United Kingdom between 1980 and 1996. Some service members and their families may be affected by this ban. This deferral was originally implemented as a precautionary measure to ensure the safety of the blood supply against the risk of contamination by BSE, because there is no known blood-screening test. Even though there is no evidence that vCJD or BSE can be transmitted through blood products, deferral will be continued as a precautionary preventive step. For more information on BSE and vCJD please visit the following sites: ArmyLINK News: Army Surgeon General Bans European Beef Food and Drug Administration Information Page on BSE National Center for Infectious Diseases BSE and CJD Information and Resources National Institute of Health CJD Fact Sheet ... U.S. Department of Agriculture Information Page on BSE

83. BSE In Europe  INCIDENCE OF BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY BSE in Europe INCIDENCE OF bovine spongiform encephalopathy REPORT BROKENLINKS. this site moves to www.Bovine.nl ©. Mad cow disease http://ourworld.cs.com/j1braakman/BSEvaandel.htm

BSE in Europe INCIDENCE OF BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY REPORT BROKEN LINKS this site moves to: www. Bovine.nl Mad cow disease - Rinderwahnsinn - Gekke koeienziekte -Ko-sjukan - Maladie de la vache folle - Kogalskab - Mucca pazza - Vacas Locas -

84. Mad Cow Disease - BSE - Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Mad cow disease BSE - bovine spongiform encephalopathy. In recentyears, mad cow disease, or BSE, has surely attracted more public http://www.bvet.admin.ch/tiergesundheit/e/ausbild_beratung/tierseuchen/bse/

Mad cow disease - BSE - Bovine spongiform encephalopathy In recent years, mad cow disease, or BSE, has surely attracted more public attention than any other animal epidemic. Over 180,000 cows have fallen victim to this fatal brain disease in Great Britain; with hundreds more in other European countries, including Switzerland. But the greatest anxiety stems from the fact that, in all probability, this cattle disease can also be transmitted to human beings. On the BSE-site of the Swiss Federal Veterinary Office, you will find the latest figures on the epidemic in Switzerland, an overview of the measures taken by the authorities to protect human beings and animals against this disease and our media releases on the subject. The service is rounded off by in-depth information and references to other Web sites More detailed information available in German and French. Questions and answers German French Regulations Media info ... BSE worldwide Links to science German French BSE in Switzerland BSE from A to Z ... French Material for presentations German French BSE-HOMEPAGE from the Clinic of Ruminant and Equine Medicine : Clinical examination of cattle from Prof. Ueli Braun, Universität Zürich

85. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE; Mad Cow Disease) bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE; Mad Cow Disease), What is BSE? Howis BSE spread? bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE; Mad Cow Disease). http://www.ext.nodak.edu/extpubs/ansci/beef/as1206w.htm

North Dakota State University NDSU Extension Service Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE; Mad Cow Disease) AS-1206, May 2001 Greg Lardy, Ph.D. Beef Cattle Specialist, NDSU Extension Service Charlie Stoltenow, DVM Veterinarian, NDSU Extension Service Julie Garden-Robinson, Ph.D. Food and Nutrition Specialist, NDSU Extension Service What is BSE? How is BSE spread? Where does BSE occur? Should we be concerned about BSE in the U.S.? ... Suggested Resources for Further Information What is BSE? Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is a disease condition in cattle which is thought to have originated in Great Britain. It occurs in cattle between two and eight years old and is always fatal. The most plausible cause of the disease is a prion, a "self-replicating" protein, rather than a bacterium or virus. BSE causes a portion of the brain to become sponge-like. Meat and milk have not been shown to carry the infective agent, and measures have been taken to exclude those parts known to carry the infective agent (primarily brain and central nervous system tissue) from the food and feed supply. BSE is often referred to as "mad cow" disease, because animals infected with the disease are often irritable and can react in a somewhat violent or threatening fashion when approached by humans.

86. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy - Fact Sheet bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) Information Sheet. Brent Buckley and BradLeaMaster Department of Animal Sciences University of Hawai`i Manoa Summary. http://www.hawaii.edu/ansc/Facts/bse.htm

Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) Information Sheet Brent Buckley and Brad LeaMaster Department of Animal Sciences University of Hawai`i - Manoa Summary Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is a rare, chronic degenerative disease affecting the central nervous system of cattle. The disease was first diagnosed in 1986 in Great Britain. The British sometimes call BSE "mad cow disease," a term that could be confused with rabies in cattle if used in the United States. Recently, a British scientific advisory committee examined 10 variants of Creuzfeldt-Jacob Disease (CJD) in humans and hypothesized a possible link to BSE. This conjecture has created a panic in Great Britain and the European Community. BSE has not been found anywhere in the United States, including Hawai`i and steps have been undertaken to monitor animals and suspected causative agents. The disease risk in the US is zero and even in Great Britain risk has been deemed extremely small. Chronology 1920's Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) neurodegenerative condition is described in humans; classified as a "slow virus" because of the extremely long incubation period (10-40 years). Brains from affected humans are histopathologically classified as having spongiform encephalopathy (SE). Kuru is a human SE disease seen in certain New Guinea natives which practice cannibalism of brains. Scrapie is a SE disease in sheep.

87. FAQ's On Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). What is BSE (Bovine SpongiformEncephalopathy)? bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) or http://www.afia.org/FAQ_S/FAQ_s_on_Bovine_Spongiform_Encephalopathy__BSE_.html

Find Map Home FAQ's on Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) ... Alliance Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) What is BSE (Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy)? Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) or commonly refereed to as "Mad Cow" Disease, is a transmissible, slowly progressive, degenerative, fatal disease affecting the central nervous system of adult cattle. First diagnosed in 1986 in Great Britain. There are no reported cases of BSE in American cattle. Does BSE affect humans? BSE is a disease that affects cattle. However, there is a disease similar to BSE called variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD), or vCJD, which is found in humans. There have been cases of vCJD reported, primarily in the United Kingdom, occurring in people who consumed beef contaminated with an infective agent. There is strong scientific evidence (epidemiological and laboratory) that the agent that causes BSE in cattle is the agent that causes vCJD in people. There are no reported cases of vCJD in the United States. Does BSE affect dogs and cats? There is no evidence of BSE found in dogs, horses, and pets like birds, reptiles, and gerbils. The United Kingdom has documented a feline version of BSE, but no cases have been found in the United States.

88. The Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (No. 2) Amendment Order 1990 1930 The bovine spongiform encephalopathy (No. 2) Amendment Order 1990. ANIMALS ANIMALHEALTH. The bovine spongiform encephalopathy (No. 2) Amendment Order 1990 http://www.hmso.gov.uk/si/si1990/Uksi_19901930_en_1.htm

Statutory Instrument 1990 No. 1930 The Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (No. 2) Amendment Order 1990 Statutory Instruments printed from this website are printed under the superintendence and authority of the Controller of HMSO being the Queen's Printer of Acts of Parliament. It should be noted that the right to reproduce the text of Statutory Instruments does not extend to the Queen's Printer imprints which should be removed from any copies of the Statutory Instrument which are issued or made available to the public. This includes reproduction of the Statutory Instrument on the Internet and on intranet sites. The Royal Arms may be reproduced only where they are an integral part of the original document. The text of this Internet version of the Statutory Instrument which is published by the Queen's Printer of Acts of Parliament has been prepared to reflect the text as it was Made. A print version is also available and is published by The Stationery Office Limited as the The Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (No. 2) Amendment Order 1990 , ISBN 0110049306. The print version may be purchased by clicking

89. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Order (Northern Ireland) 1997 bovine spongiform encephalopathy Order (Northern Ireland) 1997. © Crown Copyright1997. ANIMALS. bovine spongiform encephalopathy Order (Northern Ireland) 1997 http://www.hmso.gov.uk/sr/sr1997/Nisr_19970553_en_1.htm

Statutory Rule 1997 No. 553 Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Order (Northern Ireland) 1997 Statutory Rules of Northern Ireland printed from this website are printed under the superintendence and authority of the Controller of HMSO being the Government Printer for Northern Ireland. It should be noted that the right to reproduce the text of Statutory Rules of Northern Ireland does not extend to the Government Printer for Northern Ireland imprints which should be removed from any copies of the Statutory Rule which are issued or made available to the public. This includes reproduction of the Statutory Rule on the Internet and on intranet sites. The Royal Arms may be reproduced only where they are an integral part of the original document. The text of this Internet version of the Statutory Rule which is published by the Government Printer for Northern Ireland has been prepared to reflect the text as it was Made. A print version is also available and is published by The Stationery Office Limited as the Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Order (Northern Ireland) 1997 , ISBN 0337929599. The print version may be purchased by clicking

90. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) Backgrounder on. bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). Preparedby Dr. Ken Olson AFBF Public Policy Division. Local, national and http://www.fb.com/views/com/bseback.html

Sunday March 30 Backgrounder on Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) Prepared by Dr. Ken Olson AFBF Public Policy Division Local, national and international media have given daily coverage to the happening in Great Britain relative to Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) or, as it is popularly referred to, "Mad Cow Disease". The cause of the coverage and the reason for the wide spread concern is a possible link between BSE and 10 cases of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) in humans. While we empathize with British relative to this unfortunate situation, we need to assure consumers that this is not a problem in the U.S. What is BSE? BSE is a progressive degenerative disease that affects the central nervous system of cattle. It is classified as a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE). Affected animals may display changes in temperament, such as nervousness or aggression; abnormal posture; incoordination and difficulty in rising; decreased milk production; or loss of body weight despite continued appetite. Affected cattle always die since there is no known treatment. When autopsies are performed, the brains of infected animals exhibit a sponge-like appearance, thus the name. The cause of the disease is not completely understood. It appears to have an incubation period of from two to eight years. There is no test to detect the presence of the disease in live cattle. There is no evidence that BSE spreads between unrelated cattle or from cattle to other species by contact. Epidemiologic evidence suggests that maternal transmission is rare if it occurs at all. The extremely small infectious agent responsible for BSE has been theoretically classified as a "slow virus,"

91. Food Research Institute Briefings: Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) FRI logoFRI Briefings. bovine spongiform encephalopathy. Inactivation of thebovine spongiform encephalopathy agent by rendering procedures. Vet. Rec. http://www.wisc.edu/fri/briefs/bse.htm

FRI Briefings Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy first published April 1996 prepared by Carol Steinhart , Ph.D. Recent BSE Research Transmission of Animal Spongiform Encephalopathies Debate : Are People At Risk of BSE? ... January 1997 Update to BSE Briefing The bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) epidemic in the UK peaked in the winter of 1992–1993 at nearly 4000 new cases per month. At the time of a report by the Ministry for Agriculture, Food and Fisheries (MAFF) in December 1995, the incidence had fallen to around 850 cases per month and was expected to continue falling. Beginning in 1988, the British government took a series of measures to protect consumers and control the epidemic. In their present form, they are generally considered effective and adequate. Although questions remain, available evidence strongly suggests that any human exposure that might occur had already occurred before these measures were instituted. Surveillance and preventive procedures in the USA also protect both people and cattle. There is no evidence of transmission of the BSE agent from beef (muscle) to humans or to mice injected with muscle tissue from cattle with BSE. The BSE agent has been found only in brain tissue and spinal cords of cattle naturally affected with BSE. Traces of the agent were seen in the small intestine and retina of experimental calves fed large amounts of BSE-infected material; this led to bans on use of additional specified animal parts for food and feed. The issue of contamination with infected nervous tissue through carelessness at slaughterhouses and other failures appears to have been addressed by the further tightening of controls on "specified bovine offals" in the fall of 1995.

92. USACHPPM - Main bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) (Mad Cow Disease). Bovine SpongiformEncephalopathy (BSE) was first diagnosed in Great Britain in 1986. http://chppm-www.apgea.army.mil/madcowdisease/

USACHPPM Search US Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine Subordinate Commands Directorates Site Map Home ... Printer Friendly Version Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) (Mad Cow Disease) More on Mad Cow Disease: From the US Department of Agriculture From the Food and Drug Administration From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (search for "BSE"). From the The American Red Cross Questions and Answers Questions and Answers about Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Questions and Answers about variant CJD (vCJD) Questions and Answers on BSE and Food Safety Questions and Answers about BSE/vCJD and Blood Donation ... Questions and Answers about BSE and Vaccines Fact Sheets Food Safety Fact Sheet "Mad Cow Disease" Health Care Provider Fact Sheet - Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) or "Mad Cow Disease" and variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD) Europe is currently experiencing an outbreak of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD). FMD is a disease that affects animals, and people are not at risk. Although it affects cattle, it is not related to Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE).

93. Entrez-PubMed The risk of bovine spongiform encephalopathy ('mad cow disease')to human health. Brown P. Laboratory of Central Nervous System http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9

94. Entrez-PubMed Transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy to sheep, goats, andmice. Foster JD, Hope J, McConnell I, Bruce M, Fraser H. AFRC http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8

95. Nature Publishing Group Measuring prions causing bovine spongiform encephalopathy or chronic wasting diseaseby immunoassays and transgenic mice Jiri G. Safar 1, 2 , Michael Scott 1 http://www.nature.com/cgi-taf/DynaPage.taf?file=/nbt/journal/v20/n11/full/nbt748

96. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy - Wikipedia bovine spongiform encephalopathy. (Redirected from Bovine SpongiformEncephalopathy). bovine spongiform encephalopathy (more commonly http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bovine_Spongiform_Encephalopathy

Main Page Recent changes Edit this page Older versions Special pages Set my user preferences My watchlist Recently updated pages Upload image files Image list Registered users Site statistics Random article Orphaned articles Orphaned images Popular articles Most wanted articles Short articles Long articles Newly created articles Interlanguage links All pages by title Blocked IP addresses Maintenance page External book sources Printable version Talk Log in Help Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (Redirected from Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (more commonly "BSE" or "mad cow disease") is a fatal neurodegenerative disease of cattle. BSE is believed to be caused by prions and to be bovine counterpart of human prion disease Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease and sheep prion disease scrapie . Eating meat from cattle with BSE is thought to have caused the new variant of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (nvCJD) in about 90 cases in the U.K. and many more in France. Rodents injected with brain tissue obtained from cows with BSE develop a fatal neurological disorder in one or two years. It is possible to detect the abnormal prion protein in some but not all of these animals' brain tissues. Although there is substantial evidence for transmission of the disease by prions, and various theories have developed about the absorption of prion proteins by intestinal cells, there is still no definite proof reliably showing that eating infected beef is really the cause of the new variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. There is also some concern about those who work with (and therefore inhale) cattle bone meal, such as horticulturists who use it as fertilizer. The first BSE epidemic was recognized in the United Kingdom in 1986.

97. MD Travel Health - Variant Creutzfeldt - Jakob Disease Variant CreutzfeldtJakob disease and bovine spongiform encephalopathy ( mad cowdisease ). ©2002 MDtravelhealth.com. bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). http://www.mdtravelhealth.com/infectious/mad_cow_disease.html

Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and bovine spongiform encephalopathy ("mad cow disease") Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a degenerative neurologic disease acquired by eating beef from cows with a related illness known as bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) ("mad cow disease"). The disorder was initially described in the United Kingdom. As of February 2003, there were 129 definite or probable cases of variant CJD reported from the United Kingdom, six from France, and two from the Republic of Ireland. "Mad cow disease" has also been identified in Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Greece, Italy, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Israel, and Japan, but human cases have not been reported from these countries to date. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy appears to be caused by abnormal proteins called prions, which do not resemble bacteria, viruses, or other conventional causes of human and animal disease. The agent that causes BSE is transmitted when meat and bone meal feed prepared from the carcasses of infected animals is fed back to other cattle. (This practice has been banned within the European Union and many other countries). The infection is not transmitted directly from animal to animal within herds. A new case of BSE arising within a country is therefore much more significant than an imported case, because it implies that recycled ruminant protein is still being used within that country as animal feed, against all current recommendations.

98. New York City Department Of Health - Testimony - Bovine Spongiform Encephalopath New York City. April 30, 2001. bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)and New Variant CreutzfeldtJacob Disease (New Variant CJD). http://www.nyc.gov/html/doh/html/public/testi/cow430.html

Testimony New York City Department of Health Office of Public Affairs Testimony Neal L. Cohen, M.D. Commissioner of Health New York City Department of Health before the City Council Health Committee City Hall, New York City April 30, 2001 Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) and New Variant Creutzfeldt-Jacob Disease (New Variant CJD) My name is Neal L. Cohen, M.D., and I am New York City Commissioner of Health. I appreciate this opportunity to testify before the Council Health Committee about a communicable disease that has been the focus of widening attention. The disease, new variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease, is often referred to as mad cow disease While new variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease is seen in humans, mad cow disease shorthand for bovine spongiform encephalopathy is seen in cattle. The two diseases - new variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (or new variant CJD) in humans, and bovine spongiform encephalopathy (or BSE) in cattle are thought to be closely related, if not identical. Before I continue to discuss this technically complex subject, I must emphasize that, in the United States, there have been

99. Mad Cow Disease And Cjd Information from the Organic Consumers' Association related to mad cow/deer/pig/elk disease in the USA.Category Health Conditions and Diseases Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease......current news on prions, mad cow disease (bovine spongiform encephalopathy or BSE),scrapie, CreutzfeldtJakob Disease (CJD and nvCJD), kuru,and chronic wasting http://www.purefood.org/meatlink.html

Mad Cow Disease (Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy, Chronic wasting disease Sorry for the inconvenience, but our website has moved to http://www.organicconsumers.org/meatlink.html Glossary Links Archives Keyword Search Your elected officials Genetically Engineered Food ... Food Irradiation Mad Cow Bovine Growth Hormone (rBGH) Globalization Campaigns Monsanto Watch ... Keyword Search * Mad Cow USA/Canada * Mad Cow Europe CJD Disease Highlighted Articles Articles reviewed/commented upon by Michael Greger, MD Mad Cow USA/Canada Elk farmers in Saskatchewan breathe sigh of relief 12/28 Ranchers study security to protect against terrorists 12/23 Cases of wasting disease nearly triple in week's time 12/23 Nebraska chronic wasting disease 'emergency situation 12/19 State tells Town and Country to stop relocation of deer McDonald's sales , stock price on the skids 12/15 Chronic wasting disease found in Sioux County Nebraska elk California ranchers worry that wild elk will infect cattle 12/13 Proposed FDA mad cow disease blood donor restrictions Risk of BSE in USA is low, say US investigators

100. Food Standards Australia New Zealand: Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) Assessment Of The Risk To Public Health Resulting From Exposure To The BovineSpongiform encephalopathy (Bse) Agent Through Consumption Of Beef And Beef http://www.anzfa.gov.au/whatsinfood/bovinespongiformencephalopathybse/index.cfm

What's in Food Acrylamide and food Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE): Human health requirements for the importation of beef and beef products Assessment of risk to public health resulting from exposure to BSE agent through consumption of beef and beef-products(June2002) Caffeine Folate ... Pregnancy and food Bovine Spongiform Encepalopathy (BSE) Bovine Spongiform Encepalopathy (BSE), or 'mad cow disease' is a disease of cattle which it is believed can be transmitted to humans and cause variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD). To protect Australians from BSE and vCJD, Australia has announced a system of certification which will apply to each country which wishes to export bovine products to Australia. This will replace the current suspension of imports of beef and beef products from a number of countries. Details on the new system, fact sheets on the general operation of the new system and information as to the mechanism by which ANZFA proposes to categorise each exporting country are listed below: Assessment Reports: Assessment Of The Risk To Public Health Resulting From Exposure To The Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (Bse) Agent Through Consumption Of Beef And Beef-Products (June 2002) Media Releases: Australia suspends imports of Japanese beef following confirmation of BSE case ( 24 September 2001) Australia announces new measures to protect public from effects of BSE (18 July 2001) Food Authority sets up International Expert Group to probe BSE (Mad Cow Disease) ( ANZFA takes steps to safeguard food supply against effects of BSE ( ... Australia to extend suspension on imported beef products to other European countries ( amended 18/02/2002) Fact Sheets

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