41. SGS - Patient Education - Cystocele, Rectocele And Pelvic Support Surgery Cystocoele, rectocoele and pelvic support surgery. Frederick R. JelovsekMD. Many women in the menopausal and perimenopausal age range http://www.sgsonline.org/edpro002.html

Cystocoele, rectocoele and pelvic support surgery Frederick R. Jelovsek MD Many women in the menopausal and perimenopausal age range, require surgery for pelvic support defects such as cystocoele (bladder dropping), rectocoele (rectum protruding), bladder neck dropping (stress incontinence), and uterine or post hysterectomy vaginal vault prolapse. There is not much information about these subjects in the usual health media so it is difficult for women to know what to expect as far as success rates, complications and recovery in general. At a past meeting of the Society of Gynecologic Surgeons, some of the scientific papers provided answers to questions that women may have about these subjects. How often do normal perimenopausal women lose urine with cough, sneeze or increase in abdominal pressure? In one study by Robinson D et al., women aged 45-55 who did not present for incontinence or evaluation of pelvic relaxation, were questioned to see how often they had episodes of urinary loss with intraabdominal straining. Some degree of urinary loss was reported by 2/3's (66%) but daily loss was only reported by 8%. Frequency of urinary loss Incidence (%) None Less than once per month Several times per month Several times per week Daily loss What degree or amount of pelvic relaxation is normal in the perimenopause?

42. Woman's Diagnostic Cyber Articles - Pelvic Support Surgery Cystocele, Rectocele Woman's Diagnostic Cyber Article about pelvic support surgery including cystocele,rectocele enterocele, urethrocele stress incontinence bladder dropping. http://www.wdxcyber.com/nurine05.htm

Home About us Articles Books ... Quizzes Cystocoele, rectocoele and pelvic support surgery Frederick R. Jelovsek MD Many women in the menopausal and perimenopausal age range, require surgery for pelvic support defects such as cystocoele (bladder dropping), rectocoele (rectum protruding), bladder neck dropping (stress incontinence), and uterine or post hysterectomy vaginal vault prolapse. There is not much information about these subjects in the usual health media so it is difficult for women to know what to expect as far as success rates, complications and recovery in general. At a recent meeting of the Society of Gynecologic Surgeons, some of the scientific papers provided answers to questions that women may have about these subjects. How often do normal perimenopausal women lose urine with cough, sneeze or increase in abdominal pressure? In one study by Robinson D et al., women aged 45-55 who did not present for incontinence or evaluation of pelvic relaxation, were questioned to see how often they had episodes of urinary loss with intraabdominal straining. Some degree of urinary loss was reported by 2/3's (66%) but daily loss was only reported by 8%. Frequency of urinary loss Incidence (%) None Less than once per month Several times per month Several times per week Daily loss What degree or amount of pelvic relaxation is normal in the perimenopause?

43. Woman's Diagnostic Cyber Articles - Uterine Prolapse Treated Without Hysterectom Store Tools Quizzes Having Prolapse, cystocele and Rectocele FixedWithout Hysterectomy. Frederick R. Jelovsek MD. Is a hysterectomy http://www.wdxcyber.com/nurine08.htm

Home About us Articles Books ... Quizzes Having Prolapse, Cystocele and Rectocele Fixed Without Hysterectomy Frederick R. Jelovsek MD "Is a hysterectomy absolutely necessary in order to repair a rectocele? Is there some procedure for repair without having to also have a total hysterectomy? This is after menopause, age 52, difficult birth of a child 24 years ago, now the herniated rectum (rectocele) is protruding through the vagina ... not all the time...more after being tired at the end of a day." G.T. "I am 50 yrs old and have been diagnosed with a prolapsed uterus, bladder, and rectum. From what I have read, this will be an increasing problem for the baby boom generation, as we age. The only treatment my doctor recommends is hysterectomy with rectal and bladder repair, which can fail and lead to other problems. Is any research being done into more effective ways to correct this problem? Are uterine resuspensions, using materials other than the patient's own tendons, a good option for older women? I started periods at 12 and still having regular periods. I'm not taking any prescription drugs on regular basis. I have fibrocystic breast disease and my doctor does not want to prescribe estrogen. I do eat soy products. I feel the general public should be more aware of this condition and its causes, such as heavy lifting when you're older (my problem!!), certain delivery techniques, family history,etc ".

44. »H ¯Ö ²æ «« ¡A ª½ ¸z ²æ «« | Cystocele, Rectocele) The summary for this Chinese (Traditional) page contains characters that cannot be correctly displayed in this language/character set. http://med.mc.ntu.edu.tw/~obsgyn/gyn/gyn_014.htm

»H ¯Ö ²æ «« ¡A ª½ ¸z ²æ «« Cystocele, Rectocele) Updated: Cystocele Rectocele «e ¨¥ ¡G Pelvic diaphragm: Levator ani ¥] ¬A Ischiococcygeus, Puborectalis ©M iliococcygeus coccygeus Urogenital diaphragm ¥] ¬A ischiocavernosus, bulbocavernosus ©M deep transverse perineal muscle¡C Supporting ligaments( ¤S ºÙ endopelvic fascia) ¥] ¬A urethropelvic ligament ¤Î pubocervical fascia; ¥t ¥~ , broad ligament, cardinal ligament, vesicouterine ligament, uterosacral ligament©M round ligamentµ¥ ¤ä «ù ¤l ®c ¤§ ¶´ ±a ¤] ¦³ ö Áp ¡C Cystocele¡G ªv Àø ¤è ªk ¡G Estrogen Kegel exercise: °µ Pubococcygeal muscle¦¬ ÁY ¹B °Ê ¡C Pessary rings Rectocele¡G ¡@ ¡@ ¬° «á ³± ¹D ¾À fascia¤Î rectovaginal septum ªº P ¦¢ ¡A ³y ¦¨ ª½ ¸z ©¹ ³± ¹D ²æ «« ¡C ªv Àø ¤è ªk ¡G Estrogen Kegel exercise Pessary rings Posterior colporrhaphy¡G Back to Top Question or Comments about these WWW pages Send E-Mail to: alexan@ntumc1.mc.ntu.edu.tw Updated:

45. »H ¯Ö ²æ «« ¡A ª½ ¸z ²æ «« | Cystocele, Rectocele ? ? ? ? , ? ? ? ? cystocele, Rectocele http://med.mc.ntu.edu.tw/~obsgyn/spe/spe_018.htm

»H ¯Ö ²æ «« ¡A ª½ ¸z ²æ «« Cystocele, Rectocele Updated: «e ¨¥ ªÑ ¬Ö µÄ ªº ¤ä ¼µ ºc ³y »H ¯Ö ²æ «« ª½ ¸z ²æ «« ... °Ñ ¦Ò ¤å Äm ¡@ «e ¨¥ ¡G ¡@ ­ì ¦] ¡G ¡@ ¡@ ¥ý ¤Ñ ©Ê ºc ³y P ¦¢ ¡B ¸g ³± ¹D ¥Í ²£ ©Î ¦] ¤â ³N ©Î ¥~ ¤O µ¥ ³y ¦¨ ªº ¶Ë ®` ¡B ¤Î ªø ´Á ºC ©Ê ¸¡ ³¡ °ª À£ ³y ¦¨ ªº ²æ «« ¡B ¦p ªø ´Á ´£ ­« ª« ©Î ºC ©Ê «y ¹Â µ¥ ¡C ¡@ ªÑ ¬Ö µÄ ªº ¤ä ¼µ ºc ³y ( Pelvic Support) ¡G ¡@ ¡@ ¥D ­n ¨Ó ¦Û ¤§ ³¡ ¥÷ ¡G °© ¬Ö ¹j ½¤ ( pelvic diaphvagm) ¡B §¿ ¥Í ´Þ ¹j ½¤ ( urogenital diaphragm) ©M ¤ä ¼µ ¶´ ±a ( supporting ligament) [ 2] ¡C ¡@ °© ¬Ö ¹j ½¤ ¡G ¥] ¬A ¨â ³¡ ¥÷ ¡@ ¡@ ´£ ¨z ¦Ù ( Levatorani) ¥] ¬A §¤ ®¢ °© ¦Ù §À ( ischioloccygeus) ®¢ °© ª½ ¸z ¦Ù ( puborectalis) ©M Àf §À ¦Ù ( iliococcygeus) §À ¦Ù ( coccygeus) ¡C ¡@ ¤ä ¼µ ¶´ ±a ¡A ¤S ºÙ ¬Ö ¤º µ¬ ½¤ ( endopelvic fascia) ¡G ¥] ¬A °© ¬Ö §¿ ¹D ¶´ ±a ( urethropelvic ligament) ¤Î ¤l ®c ÀV ®¢ °© µ¬ ½¤ ( pubocervical fascia) ¡F ¥t ¥~ ¡A Áï ¶´ ±a ( broad ligament) ¡B ¥D ¶´ ±a ( cardinal ligament) ¡B ¤l ®c »H ¯Ö ¶´ ±a ( vesicouterineeigament) ¡B ¤l ®c ®¢ °© ¤U ¶´ ±a ( uterosacral ligament) ©M ¶ê ¶´ ±a ( round ligament) µ¥ ¤ä ¼µ ¤l ®c ¤§ ¶´ ±a ¤] ¦³ ö Áp ¡C ¡@ »H ¯Ö ²æ «« ¡G ¡@ ¡@ ²Ó ¤p ¤§ »H ¯Ö ¿± ¥X ¨ µL ¯g ª¬ ¡C ¤@ ¤j ¿± ¥X ¥i ¤Þ °_ ³± ¹D ¤¤ À£ ­¢ ·P ©Î ·í §@ ¤@ ¶ô ¸~ ¦s ¦b ©ó ¤J ¤f ³B ©Î ¬ð ¥X ¤J ¤f ¡C ¦p ªG »H ¯Ö ²æ ¥X ¹L ¬Æ ¡A ´Ý ¯d ¤§ ¤p «K ¥i ¾É ¦Ü »H ¯Ö ª¢ ¡C ¡@ »H ¯Ö ²æ «« ÄY ­« «× ¤§ ¤À ¯Å ¡G [ 3] ¡@ ¡@ ¤G ¯Å ¡G »H ¯Ö ©³ ³¡ ¤Î ³± ¹D ©µ ¦ù ¦Ü ³± ¹D ¥X ¤f ³B ¡A §Y ¦ì ©ó ³B ¤k ½¤ ¤Î ³± ¹D ¥X ¤f ¤§ ¶¡ ¡C ¡@ ¡@ ¤T ¯Å ¡G ¾ã ­Ó §¿ ¹D ¤Î »H ¯Ö ¬Ò ¦ì ©ó ³± ¹D ¥~ ­± ¡A ³q ±` ¦ñ ÀH ¤l ®c ¤U «« ©Î ¤l ®c ºK °£ ¤â ³N ¤§ ³± ¹D ªÆ ÁK ²æ «« ( vaginal vault prolapse) ¡C

46. WomanCare - Incontinence - Cystocele A cystocele occurs when the wall between a woman's bladder and her vagina weakensand lets the bladder droop into the vagina. What is a cystocele? http://www.womancarellc.com/services/incontinence/cystocele.htm

What is a Cystocele? By Valerie Boeldt-Umbright, CCCN A cystocele occurs when the wall between a woman's bladder and her vagina weakens and lets the bladder droop into the vagina. This condition may cause discomfort and problems with emptying the bladder. In some women, a fallen bladder stretches the opening into the urethra, causing urine leakage when the woman coughs, sneezes, laughs, or does any action that puts pressure on the bladder. So a bladder that has dropped from its normal position may cause two kinds of problemsunwanted urine leakage and incomplete emptying of the bladder. A cystocele is mild (grade 1) when the bladder droops only a short way into the vagina. A more severe (grade 2) cystocele means that the bladder has sunk into the vagina far enough to reach the opening of the vagina. The most advanced (grade 3) cystocele occurs when the bladder bulges out through the opening of the vagina. A cystocele may result from muscle straining while giving birth. Other kinds of strainingsuch as heavy lifting or repeated straining during bowel movementsmay also cause the bladder to fall. The hormone estrogen helps keep the muscles around the vagina strong. When women go through menopause (when they stop having periods), their bodies stop making estrogen, so the muscles around the vagina and bladder may grow weak. A WomanCare physician is able to diagnose a grade 2 or grade 3 cystocele from a description of symptoms and from physical examination of the vagina because the fallen part of the bladder will be visible. X-rays and tests may be needed to find or rule out problems in other parts of the urinary system.

47. Urology - Cystocele (Fallen Bladder) Urology cystocele (Fallen Bladder). What is a cystocele? cystocele isthe name sag into the vagina. What are the results of a cystocele? http://www.mmhs.com/clinical/adult/english/urology/cystocel.htm

English - Adult English - Pediatric Spanish - Adult Spanish - Pediatric Urology Cystocele (Fallen Bladder) What is a cystocele? Cystocele is the name for a hernia-like disorder in women that occurs when the wall between the bladder and the vagina weakens, causing the bladder to drop or sag into the vagina. What are the results of a cystocele? In addition to discomfort, the resulting dropped bladder can cause two kinds of problems to occur, including the following: urine leakage incomplete emptying of the bladder The dropped bladder stretches the opening into the urethra, and urine may leak when a woman does any action that causes pressure on the bladder, such as coughing. What are the grades of cystoceles? grade 1 mild - the bladder droops only a short way into the vagina. grade 2 more severe - the bladder has sunk into the vagina far enough to reach the opening of the vagina. grade 3 most advanced - the bladder bulges out through the opening of the vagina.

48. MEDLINEplus Medical Encyclopedia: Cystocele Medical Encyclopedia. cystocele. A cystocele is an downward outpocketingor hernia of the bladder towards the vaginal opening. The http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/imagepages/9064.htm

Skip navigation Medical Encyclopedia Cystocele A cystocele is an downward outpocketing or hernia of the bladder towards the vaginal opening. The weakening of the muscular wall in this condition can cause urine to leak from the bladder when there is an increase in internal abdominal pressure such as in sneezing or coughing. Surgery such as an anterior vaginal wall repair may help this condition. Health Topics Drug Information Encyclopedia Dictionary ... National Institutes of Health Page last updated: 10 January 2003

49. Adult Health Advisor 2001.1: Cystocele And Rectocele Repair cystocele and Rectocele Repair. What is a cystocele and rectocelerepair? How do I prepare for a cystocele and rectocele repair? http://www.realage.com/connect/healthadvisor/adulthealth/crs/cysrec.htm

McKessonHBOC Clinical Reference Systems: Adult Health Advisor 2001.1 Illustration Cystocele and Rectocele Repair What is a cystocele and rectocele repair? A cystocele is a type of hernia in which the urinary bladder pushes against weakened tissue in the front wall of the vagina. A rectocele is another type of hernia in which the rectum pushes against weakened tissues in the back wall of the vagina. Both conditions cause a bulging into the vagina. They may be caused by aging, surgery, or pregnancy with vaginal delivery. A cystocele and rectocele repair is an operation that lifts and tightens the tissue around the bladder and rectum so these organs no longer push against the vagina. When is it used? Surgical repair is done to relieve bulging into the vagina that may be caused by a cystocele and rectocele. Symptoms of a cystocele may include the following: If the urethra (the tube through which urine drains from the bladder) is pulled out of position, you may leak urine when you cough, laugh, or lift a heavy object. (This is called stress incontinence.) Your bladder may not empty completely after you urinate. The urine remaining in the bladder may then become infected, causing frequent and painful urination.

50. Health Library - Repair Of The Bladder (cystocele) Or Urethra (urethrocele) Repair of the bladder (cystocele) or urethra (urethrocele). References.Citations. Cespedes RD, et al. (1998). Pelvic prolapse Diagnosing http://health_info.nmh.org/Library/HealthGuide/IllnessConditions/topic.asp?hwid=

51. Health Library - Repair Of The Bladder (cystocele) Or Urethra (urethrocele) Repair of the bladder (cystocele) or urethra (urethrocele). Credits. Author,Sydney YoungermanCole, RN, BSN. Editor, Susan Van Houten, RN, BSN, MBA. http://health_info.nmh.org/Library/HealthGuide/IllnessConditions/topic.asp?hwid=

52. GotoMyDoc - Education - Bladder Health - Learn - Cystocele Bladder Health. cystocele Fallen Bladder. A cystocele occurs when the wall betweenthe bladder and vagina weakens and lets the bladder drop into the vagina. http://www.gotomydoc.com/education/bladder_health/learn/cystocele/

What It's About Did You Know? Learn More About For More Info Bladder Health Cystocele - Fallen Bladder A cystocele occurs when the wall between the bladder and vagina weakens and lets the bladder drop into the vagina. This condition may cause discomfort and problems with emptying the bladder (urination). In some women, a fallen bladder stretches the opening into the urethra, causing urine leakage when the woman coughs sneezes, laughs or does any action that puts pressure on the bladder. When the bladder drops from its normal position, it may cause two kinds of problems – unwanted urine leakage and incomplete emptying of the bladder. There are 3 “grades” of cystocele: Grade 1 (mild) – the bladder droops only a short way into the vagina Grade 2 (moderate) – the bladder has sunk into the vagina far enough to reach the opening of the vagina. Grade 3 (severe) – the bladder bulges out through the opening of the vagina. A cystocele may result from muscle straining while giving birth. Other kinds of straining – such as heavy lifting or repeated straining during bowel movements – may also cause the bladder to fall. Some cystoceles may be diagnosed from a description of symptoms and from a physical examination. Other x-rays and tests may be needed to find or rule out problems in other parts of the urinary system.

53. ANTERIOR VAGINAL WALL - Dr. John Miklos, M.D., F.A.C.O.G. / Robert D. Moore D.O. Anterior vaginal wall prolapse (cystocele and urethrocele). Patients withcystocele or cystourethrocele may experience Pelvic/vaginal pressure; http://www.urogynecologychannel.com/prolapse2.shtml

UROGYNECOLOGYCHANNEL.com HOME VAGINAL PROLAPSE RELAXATION > ANTERIOR VAGINAL WALL Vaginal Prolapse Relaxation (cont) Anterior vaginal wall prolapse (cystocele and urethrocele) The anterior vaginal wall supports the bladder and the urethra. The anterior vaginal wall supportive layer is called the pubocervical fascia. It is named based upon its two ends of attachment. It is attached distally to the pubic bone area and proximally to the cervix if the uterus has not been removed. The pubocervical fascia is also attached laterally (on both sides) to the pelvic floor muscles specifically the obturator internus muscle. As long as this vaginal wall stays in place the bladder and urethra will stay in its normal anatomical position. Patients with cystocele or cystourethrocele may experience: Pelvic/vaginal pressure Dyspareunia (painful intercourse) Dragging or drawing vaginal sensation Urinary incontinence Difficulty emptying bladder Repositioning body to empty bladder When there is break in the pubocervical fascia there is a loss of support of the urethra and/or bladder resulting in: Cystocele: Loss of support at the level of the bladder. "bladder drop"

54. MMWH: Cystocele And Rectocele 5/02. cystocele And Rectocele Repair. What Are A cystocele And Rectocele ? Mostwomen that have a cystocele sense that something is bulging into the vagina. http://www.mmwh.com/patedu/cystorectocele.htm

Mather - McClellan Women's Health Home Site Map Patient Education www.mmwh.com Patient Education Sheets rev. 5/02 Cystocele And Rectocele Repair What Are A Cystocele And Rectocele ? A cystocele is a condition in which the bladder bulges into the vagina due to weakening of certain tissue (fascia) between the anterior vagina and the bladder. Most women that have a cystocele sense that something is bulging into the vagina. The bulging sensation may become worse when the bladder is full, with prolonged standing, or with exertion. Many women that have a cystocele also experience stress urinary incontinence - loss of relatively small volumes of urine with coughing, sneezing, laughing, standing, or with other provocations. Some women that have a cystocele experience discomfort during intercourse due to the cystocele. A rectocele is a condition in which the rectum bulges into the vagina due to weakening of the fascia between the posterior vagina and the rectum. Most women that have a rectocele sense that something is bulging into the vagina. The bulging sensation may become worse before bowel movements, with prolonged standing, or with exertion. Some women that have a rectocele experience difficulty initiating a bowel movement, and occasionally need to place a finger or two in the vagina to push down the rectocele so they can initiate a bowel movement (this is called splinting). Some women that have a rectocele experience discomfort during intercourse due to the rectocele. Both a cystocele and rectocele are a type of hernia. They are caused by a combination of pregnancy, aging, and the menopause. Labor and delivery often weakens the fascia that surrounds the vagina. The vaginal tissues are sensitive to the body's estrogen levels, and menopause can cause a further weakening of these tissues.

55. Cystocele - General Practice Notebook medical information from General Practice Notebook. cystocele. Vaginal wall prolapsemay occur independently of the uterus. Several types are described http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/cache/-1818623935.htm

cystocele Vaginal wall prolapse may occur independently of the uterus. Several types are described: cystocoele - descent or bulging of the bladder into the upper two thirds of the anterior vaginal wall. It denotes weakness in the investing fascia of the vagina. urethrocoele - bulging of the urethra into the lower one third of the anterior vaginal wall. It is more properly called urethral displacement, as the urethra is not dilated. enterocoele - herniation of the pouch of Douglas into the upper posterior vaginal wall. The peritoneal sac may contain loops of bowel rectocoele - prolapse of the rectum into the lower posterior vaginal wall. It is not to be confused with rectal prolapse. inversion of the vagina or vaginal vault prolapse indicates a failure of the supports around the upper vagina. It may be seen after vaginal or abdominal hysterectomy. Click here for more information...

56. 1Up Health > Health Links Directory > Conditions And Diseases: Urological Disord Conditions and Diseases Urological Disorders cystocele . cystocele Hub A briefdefinition followed by links to research articles, overviews and images. http://www.1uphealth.com/links/urological-disorders-cystocele.html

Home Contact Us Privacy Caring For Your Well Being Alternative Medicine Clinical Trials Health News Poisons ... Health Topics A-Z Search 1Up Health Health Directory Addictions Alternative Animal ... Weight Loss By Demography Child Health Teen Health Men's Health Women's Health ... Urological Disorders : Cystocele Description Sites Cystocele and Pelvic Floor Tone A question from a seven weeks postpartum woman and answer from a certified nurse midwife. Cystocele Hub A brief definition followed by links to research articles, overviews and images. An article about cystocele repair, what it is, when it is used, how to prepare for surgery, what happens during the procedure, after, risks involved and the benefits. Health Helper A definition of cystocele also referred to as bladder prolapse, with a look at the diagnosis and treatment. MCW Health Link: Fallen Bladder An article with a definition of cystocele, the causes, grades, diagnosis and treatments. Methodist Health Care System An article about cystocele, fallen bladder with a look at the causes, results, diagnoses and treatment options. National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse A description of cystocele, also known as fallen bladder, how this could occur, diagnosis, treatment and where to get further information.

57. 1Up Health > Health Links Directory >Conditions And Diseases:Urological Disorder 1UpHealth Health Directory Conditions_and_Diseases Urological_Disorderscystocele A condition, some times occurring after child http://www.1uphealth.com/links/desc-520.html

Home Contact Us Privacy Caring For Your Well Being Alternative Medicine Clinical Trials Health News Poisons ... Health Topics A-Z Search 1Up Health Health Directory Addictions Alternative Animal ... Weight Loss By Demography Child Health Teen Health Men's Health Women's Health ... Cystocele A condition, some times occurring after child birth where the urinary bladder bulges through the vagina wall. Help build the largest human-edited directory on the web. Submit a Site Open Directory Project Become an Editor Parts of the directory made available on 1UpHealth have been modified. External Web site links provided on this site are meant for convenience and for informational purposes only; they do not constitute an endorsement. Search: The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. A licensed physician should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. Call 911 for all medical emergencies. Links to other sites are provided for information only they do not constitute endorsements of those other sites. Home Contact Us Privacy Links Directory

58. Member Sign In Diagnosing and Treating a cystocele. Simply defined, a cystocele is a protrusionof the bladder into the vagina due to defects in pelvic support (Fig. http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/408887_4

If you are having trouble logging in: In order to use Medscape, your browser must be set to accept "cookies." To find out how to adjust your browser settings, please click here Log In Username Password Forgot your password? Not a Member? Register Now for free access to: MEDLINE (Optimized for Physicians) 200+ Free CME Courses 25 Medical Specialty Sites 100+ Medical Journals Conference Coverage Daily Medical News About Medscape Help WebMD Health

59. Health Library - Repair Of The Bladder (cystocele) Or Urethra (urethrocele) Repair of the bladder (cystocele) or urethra (urethrocele). References.Citations. Cespedes RD, et al. (1998). Pelvic prolapse Diagnosing http://bhagh.nhshealth.org/Library/HealthGuide/IllnessConditions/topic.asp?hwid=

60. Health Library - Repair Of The Bladder (cystocele) Or Urethra (urethrocele) Repair of the bladder (cystocele) or urethra (urethrocele). Credits. Author,Sydney YoungermanCole, RN, BSN. Editor, Susan Van Houten, RN, BSN, MBA. http://bhagh.nhshealth.org/Library/HealthGuide/IllnessConditions/topic.asp?hwid=

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