81. Bovine Viral Diarrhoea - Veterinary Informatics And Epidemiology Veterinary Informatics and Epidemiology. Bovine Viral diarrhoea. Bovineviral diarrhoea is a complex disease of cattle. It affects http://www.vie.gla.ac.uk/project/bvd/bvd.html

Veterinary Informatics and Epidemiology Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Bovine viral diarrhoea is a complex disease of cattle. It affects all ages of cattle, some of its most important effects result from infection of the unborn foetus. Work is being carried out at Strathclyde University in conjunction with the department of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Glasgow Veterinary School, and the Institute for Animal Health, Compton, to define the effects of the disease on a herd of cattle, and to produce a mathematical model that can be compared with several specific herds whose disease status is known. The goal of the project is to quantify the effect of the disease on a herd, and thence extrapolate to the whole of the UK; the effectiveness of various control regimes, at present either culling certain groups of animals, or the use of a vaccination policy, is also to be assessed. Researchers involved Giles Innocent George Gettinby J Brownlies (IAH) Ivan Morrison (IAH) Other research projects Go Back to V.I.E. Home Page

82. BBC Health - Features - Diarrhoea Acute diarrhoea. Causes of acute diarrhoea. Antidiarrhoeal medication is availablefrom the pharmacist if necessary. Avoiding diarrhoea in the first place. http://www.bbc.co.uk/health/features/diarrhoea.shtml

CATEGORIES TV RADIO COMMUNICATE ... INDEX SEARCH MONDAY 31st March 2003 Text only BBC Homepage Health Homepage Ask the Doctor ... Help Like this page? Send it to a friend! Feature Diarrhoea By Dr Rob Hicks Something is not right Acute diarrhoea Dehydration is the major worry ... When to ask for advice Most people suffer diarrhoea from time to time either because they've been a little over-indulgent or simply through no fault of their own. Diarrhoea is medically when someone passes poorly formed or watery stools more than five times a day. Although it's a nuisance and often uncomfortable, with a little help the problem of diarrhoea is soon behind them. Something is not right During the journey through the thirty or so feet of bowel, nutrients and fluid are absorbed from food for use by the body. Fluid is mostly absorbed from food in the large bowel. Anything not needed leaves the body as a waste product in the bowel motions. Diarrhoea indicates that something is not right and that the large bowel is not functioning properly. The balance of water absorption is upset meaning less water is being absorbed and the excess water remaining is making the bowel motions soft, watery, and more frequent. Acute diarrhoea Causes of acute diarrhoea Food poisoning Binge drinking alcohol High-fat meals Spicy foods Antibiotics Stress Change in environment Food intolerance or allergy "Traveller's diarrhoea" Most cases of diarrhoea come on quickly and are fortunately short-lived. One of the most common causes is

83. DotPHARMACY:update Diarrhoea A runin with diarrhoea. diarrhoea can hit when it is least expected, leaving thesufferer embarrassed and distressed. diarrhoea can be either acute or chronic. http://www.dotpharmacy.co.uk/updiar.html

A run-in with diarrhoea Diarrhoea can hit when it is least expected, leaving the sufferer embarrassed and distressed. Derek Balon, community pharmacist and King's College lecturer, discusses how these patients can be saved from dire straits To be familiar with the pathaphysiology of diarrhoea To be aware of the causes of diarrhoea To diagnose diarrhoea using the menomonic SCRUTINY To be aware of drug and non-drug management of diarrhoea Diarrhoea may be defined as the more frequent passing of stools, which are more fluid than usual. It should be noted that this definition reflects a significant change from normal. The fluidity is important: stools contain about 100-200ml of fluid; in a patient with severe diarrhoea this can increase to 10 litres in 24 hours. Incidence It is difficult to obtain accurate figures for the incidence of all self-limiting minor conditions, as most surveys are the result of self-reporting. However, 19 per cent of respondents to a British survey reported diarrhoea in the last year and 4 per cent in the previous two weeks. Pathophysiology There are four major pathophysiological mechanisms which result in diarrhoea.

84. Exercise-induced Diarrhoea at one time or another, 50 per cent feel an occasional urge to defecate, 30 per centactually have to defecate, and 25 per cent experience diarrhoea during or http://www.pponline.co.uk/encyc/0364.htm

Search the library Free Sports Science Library Coaching Cycling Drugs Exercise ... Online Subscribers log in here The Virtual Sports Injury Clinic CLICK HERE for a virtual diagnosis. No appointment necessary! New book for over 40s by the Tullohs Click here for details Free copy of Sports Injury Bulletin delivered to you Reporting on the most interesting new research in the Sports Injury field Click here for free copy info@pponline.co.uk Home Recommended Products ... Peak Talk Submit your email address for a FREE training tips newsletter: If you occasionally have trouble with your digestive system when you exercise, you're not alone. Scientific surveys reveal that up to 30 per cent of all runners suffer from abdominal cramping at one time or another, 50 per cent feel an occasional urge to defecate, 30 per cent actually have to defecate, and 25 per cent experience diarrhoea during or shortly after races. What causes all this digestive-system mayhem during running? Running itself may not be the prime culprit. Research suggests that 15 per cent of runners who experience intestinal problems when they train may actually be suffering from irritable bowel syndrome. Another 15 per cent may be lactose intolerant, which increases the risk of diarrhoea. Finally, 25 per cent may be eating diets which are overly high in fibre. Even so, that still doesn't explain why the other 45 per cent of defecation-prone runners feel the need to evacuate on the run. Perhaps the most popular theory to account for these cases of 'runners' trots' is that exercise decreases 'intestinal transit time' - the amount of time it takes for food to pass from the mouth to the rectum. Although this theory seems reasonable enough, supportive evidence is somewhat lacking.

85. Babyworld - Your Baby - A-Z Of Child Health - Diarrhoea Vote now! Celebrity Chat click here. diarrhoea. diarrhoea is abnormallyliquid bowel motions, not those which are slightly loose or frequent. http://www.babyworld.co.uk/experts/az_childhealth/diarrhoea.asp

Autumn conceptions are more likely to be boys, according to research. babyworld puts this to the test with your help Vote now! Diarrhoea Diarrhoea is abnormally liquid bowel motions, not those which are slightly loose or frequent. Some children may pass several motions a day, while others go only a few times a week. Both are normal. Diarrhoea usually starts suddenly, and is often associated with colicky, coming-and-going tummy pains, which tend to flit around different parts of the tummy. This is quite different from appendicitis , where the pain is in one place and constant. It can be caused by travel or over-eating of a particular food (e.g. fruit or chocolate), but if your child is also vomiting, then it is very likely to be caused by a bowel virus infection. Most cases settle on their own without any special treatment, but if dehydration is setting in, then get medical advice without delay. You will know your child is dehydrated if: He looks drawn and pinched in the face He has sunken eyes and a dry mouth His urine production slows down as his body tries to conserve fluid. If your baby does not wet his nappy for six hours, he may well be dehydrated

86. Traveller's Diarrhoea Travellers' diarrhoea. Tablets to prevent travellers' diarrhoea. A numberof broad spectrum antibiotics have been show to reduce the http://www.fitfortravel.scot.nhs.uk/General/TDiarrhoea.html

Travellers' Diarrhoea Aetiology Prevention Vaccination Tablets for prevention ... Treatment Aetiology This can be caused many different organisms such as E.Coli, Shigella, Entamoeba histolytica, Salmonella, Campylobacter, Giardia, Cryptosporidia, Cyclospora and Vibrio cholerae. All these organisms are spread through the faecal/oral route. Remember loose motions can also result from a change in diet including, for example, spicy or oily foods. Prevention This depends upon effective drinking water sterilization and ensuring food is uncontaminated or cooked thoroughly. Personal hygiene when eating and drinking is also important including hand washing prior to eating and using sterile plates, cups and utensils. What to avoid Water should only be drunk when you are sure of its purity. Don't drink it without boiling, chemical disinfection or using a reliable filter. This also applies to water used for making ice cubes and cleaning teeth. Bottled water is usually safe, as are hot tea and coffee, beer and wine. Milk should be boiled unless you are sure it has been pasteurised.

87. Disease Fact Sheet: Diarrhoea Overview of disease fact sheets. Disease fact sheet diarrhoea. diarrhoea occursworldwide and causes 4% of all deaths and 5% of health loss to disability. http://www.worldwaterday.org/2001/disease/diarrhoea.html

WWD home 2001 Home About WWD 2001 News ... Overview of disease fact sheets Disease fact sheet: Diarrhoea The disease and how it affects people The cause Distribution Scale of the problem ... Interventions Diarrhoea occurs world-wide and causes 4% of all deaths and 5% of health loss to disability. It is most commonly caused by gastrointestinal infections which kill around 2.2 million people globally each year, mostly children in developing countries. The use of water in hygiene is an important preventive measure but contaminated water is also an important cause of diarrhoea. Cholera and dysentery cause severe, sometimes life threatening forms of diarrhoea. The disease and how it affects people Diarrhoea is the passage of loose or liquid stools more frequently than is normal for the individual. It is primarily a symptom of gastrointestinal infection. Depending on the type of infection, the diarrhoea may be watery (for example in cholera) or passed with blood (in dysentery for example). Diarrhoea due to infection may last a few days, or several weeks, as in persistent diarrhoea. Severe diarrhoea may be life threatening due to fluid loss in watery diarrhoea, particularly in infants and young children, the malnourished and people with impaired immunity. The impact of repeated or persistent diarrhoea on nutrition and the effect of malnutrition on susceptibility to infectious diarrhoea can be linked in a vicious cycle amongst children, especially in developing countries.

88. Student Health Centre diarrhoea and vomiting. diarrhoea and vomiting will usually get betteron their own. Viral gastroenteritis is a much more common http://www.unishealth.nhs.uk/Com_Med_Probs/Diarrhoea.htm

Student Health Home Guildowns Group Practice Diarrhoea and vomiting Acne Anxiety and panic attacks Asthma Backache ... Tiredness and sleep Diarrhoea and vomiting will usually get better on their own. Viral gastro-enteritis is a much more common cause of these symptoms than food-poisoning. In fact, the latter cannot be diagnosed unless more than one person contracts the same symptoms from the same food. Treatment consists of replacing the liquid that is lost by drinking clear fluids. Rest the digestive system by avoiding milk and solids until the symptoms ease. Sachets of Dioralyte or Rehidrat powder can be bought from the chemist and made into a salt and glucose replacing drink. Taken with other fluids this helps to minimise dehydration and actually reduces the diarrhoea. Loperamide (Imodium or Arret) is also available from the chemist. This helps by slowing down the bowel contractions (peristalsis) which both stops the cramping, colicky pain and gives the bowel wall more time to extract the water back into the body. Be cautious when reintroducing food and start with something like dry digestive biscuits. If this triggers diarrhoea off again, it doesn't mean the illness has come back, but that your bowel wall is not yet able to absorb food properly.

89. Femail.co.uk diarrhoea. Reviewed by Dr Dan Rutherford, GP. What is diarrhoea? diarrhoea normallyonly lasts for a few days, but it can be very stressful when it occurs. http://femail.netdoctor.co.uk/diseases/facts/diarrhoea.htm

Main Sections Homepage News Health Beauty Relationships Parenting Fashion Online shopping Entertainment Homes/gardens Horoscopes Travel Money Jobs TV Experts Advice bank Back to homepage Health Health News Alternative Health Women's health Children's health Men's health Health Experts Healthspan Medicines Examinations Support Groups Diarrhoea Reviewed by: Dr Dan Rutherford GP What is diarrhoea? Diarrhoea normally only lasts for a few days, but it can be very stressful when it occurs. © NetDoctor/Geir Diarrhoea is the passing of increased amounts (more than 300 grams in 24 hours) of loose stools. It is often caused by a virus or bacteria and can be acute or chronic - lasting more than 2-3 weeks. Most people are affected by diarrhoea at some time in their lives. Globally, 7 children die of diarrhoea every minute, mainly due to poor quality drinking water and malnutrition. What causes diarrhoea? Infections : Diarrhoea is mainly caused by bacterial and viral infections and food poisoning. It is often accompanied by stomach pains, feeling sick and vomiting. It is usually due to consumption of drinking water contaminated with bacteria, undercooked meat and eggs or inadequate kitchen hygiene.

90. Travellers Diarrhoea Traveller's Health Prevention Against Diseases Abroad; Vacc Traveller's diarrhoea description occurrence, manifestations, diagnose and treatment,prevention of the disease. Diseases. Traveller’s diarrhoea. http://www.traveldoctoronline.net/diseases/traveller.htm

Diseases Traveller’s diarrhoea Traveller’s diarrhoea (diarrhea) is acquired through ingestion of faecal contaminated food or water, or both. Both cooked and uncooked foods might be implicated if they have been improperly handled. Especially risky foods include raw or undercooked meat and seafood and raw fruits and vegetables. Tap water, ice, and unpasteurized milk and dairy products can be associated with increased risk of TD; safe beverages include bottled carbonated beverages (especially flavoured beverages), beer, wine, hot coffee or tea, or water boiled and appropriately treated with iodine or chlorine. The onset of traveller’s diarrhoea is usually within the first week of travel, but can occur at any time during the visit and even after returning home. Manifestations: It typically results in four to five loose or watery stools per day. The duration of diarrhoea is 3 to 4 days. Approximately 10% of the cases persist longer than 1 week. Approximately 15% of ill people experience vomiting, and 2% to 10% have diarrhoea accompanied by fever or bloody stools, or both. Traveller’s can experience more than one episode of diarrhoea during a single trip. It rarely is life threatening. Diagnose and treatment: Most cases of diarrhoea are self-limited and require only simple replacement of fluids and salts lost in diarrhoeal stools. This is best achieved by use of an

91. Welcome To Dehlvi Remedies Nature Is Our Laboratory Disease Name diarrhoea. Accompanying symptoms of diarrhoea can include drowsiness,irritability, muscle cramps, headaches, fever, and fainting. http://www.dehlviremediesltd.com/diseasedetail.jsp?fzdiseaseid=42

92. Captain Chemo - Guide To Childhood Cancers - Diarrhoea diarrhoea. diarrhoea overview. diarrhoea is a common problem that is causedby the treatment for cancer. diarrhoea What causes diarrhoea. diarrhoea http://www.royalmarsden.org/captchemo/adol_guide/diarrhoea.asp

Monday, March 31, 2003 Click to view version for younger children Childhood Cancers - Information for Older Children Select Another Topic Treatments Chemotherapy Radiotherapy Side Effects Bone marrow suppression Nausea and vomiting Hair loss Constipation Infection Blood Transfusion Platelet Transfusion Fatigue Steroids Diarrhoea Mouth problems Tests and Procedures Hickman Line General anaesthetic Lumbar puncture MRI- magnetic resonance imaging EDTA Other Tests Hearing test Urine Ultrasound scans Biopsy Echocardiogram Diarrhoea Diarrhoea overview Diarrhoea is a common problem that is caused by the treatment for cancer. Diarrhoea is when the faeces (poo) is not formed properly and it is soft and more watery than normal. It can also mean having your bowels open more often than normal. It can cause stomach cramps and stomach ache and make you need to go to the toilet quickly. For children or teenagers with cancer the main cause of diarrhoea is chemotherapy, but other drugs such as antibiotics can also cause diarrhoea. Diarrhoea can happen because of infection when the white blood cell count is low. You can find out more about infection in the section here . Diarrhoea can also happen after eating something bad or that has not been cooked properly. Diarrhoea is a very unpleasant side effect and can be uncomfortable to deal with. What causes diarrhoea Diarrhoea happens because the bowel wall is made up of fast growing cells that normally absorb food and water can be affected by chemotherapy. Chemotherapy will make the lining of the bowel thinner and it will not work as well as normal. This means that the faeces is not formed properly and is soft and watery rather than normal.

93. Content and...... liver disorders Complications of liver disease Small bowel disorders Common disordersof vitamin and mineral metabolism Constipation diarrhoea http://etg.hcn.net.au/whgdata/whlstt291.htm

Therapeutic Guidelines, January 2003 Analgesic Antibiotic Cardiovascular Dermatology Endocrinology Gastrointestinal Getting to know your gastrointestinal drugs Oral and dental infections and disorders Nausea and vomiting Disorders of the oesophagus Peptic ulcer Pancreatic disorders Viral hepatitis Other liver disorders Complications of liver disease Small bowel disorders Common disorders of vitamin and mineral metabolism Constipation Diarrhoea Description and causes of diarrhoea Nonspecific treatment of diarrhoea Acute gastroenteritis in children Diarrhoea caused by bacterial infections Diarrhoea caused by protozoal infections Gastrointestinal infections in the immunocompromised and other causes of diarrhoea Irritable bowel syndrome Diverticular disease Inflammatory bowel disease Perianal disorders Enteral nutrition and stoma management in the community Support groups and other sources of information (Appendix 6.1) Manufacturers of ostomy appliances (Appendix 6.2) Key references for Gastrointestinal, Version 3 (Appendix 6.3) List of tables and figures Neurology Palliative Care Psychotropic Respiratory Pregnancy and breastfeeding

94. Imodium.com.au - Treating Diarrhoea What causes diarrhoea? diarrhoea may be caused by many different thingssuch as Viral infection (eg flu); diarrhoea is not normal. http://www.imodium.com.au/treatment/

What causes diarrhoea? Why is it important to treat diarrhoea? How can I treat diarrhoea safely and effectively? Which product do I choose? ... If you are travelling What causes diarrhoea? Diarrhoea may be caused by many different things such as: Viral infection (e.g. flu) Bacteria or parasites that live in contaminated water Allergy or intolerance to certain foods Eating too much of the 'wrong' foods (e.g. food with hot spices or a lot of oil) Drinking too much alcohol Menstruation - many women suffer from diarrhoea just before or during their periods Stress Whatever the cause, the result is the same - the bowels and intestines do not work properly and more frequent (and often runny) bowel motions are produced. Return to top of page Why is it important to treat diarrhoea? Diarrhoea is not normal. When you have diarrhoea, your digestive system is not absorbing the essential salts, nutrients and water from the food that you eat. Instead they are lost from your body as "runny" or "watery" bowel motion. This is not normal. A healthy digestive system will allow food to pass from your stomach into your intestines at a normal rate so that nutrients can be easily absorbed. When you have diarrhoea your body may be affected in the following ways: Loss of energy Dehydration Tiredness Besides its unhealthy effect on your body, diarrhoea can also affect your daily life by:

95. Diarrhoea-symptoms diarrhoea is a symptom of a disease or disorder. Although an inconvenience diarrhoeais a symptom of a disease or disorder. Although an inconvenience http://www.healthcaremanual.com/abdominal/diarrhoea/diarrhoeasymptoms.htm

Diarrhoea is a symptom of a disease or disorder. Although an inconvenience diarrhoea usually clears up after a few days and if you are a healthy adult, it can be easily dealt with. Symptoms Diarrhoea comes on suddenly and is at its worse on the first day. It then subsides over the following days. You should make complete recovery within 3-7 days. Loose, watery stools Increased frequency of bowel movements Increase in the amount/volume of your stools Abdominal cramps Nausea Chills Vomiting Headache If the following symptoms are present see your doctor as it could be dysentery Blood/mucous in your stools Severe abdominal cramps

96. Travellers Diarrhoea TRAVELLERS diarrhoea. Children with diarrhoea diarrhoea is unfortunately common,for children and adults alike. But children, especially babies. http://www.nevdgp.org.au/travel/tinf/p_tr_dia.htm

North East Valley Division of General Practice, Victoria www.nevdgp.org.au/travel/ TRAVELLERS DIARRHOEA Developing countries are a popular destination for travellers. Their unsophisticated and often charming cultures provide an exciting and intriguing holiday, well suited to the budget conscious traveller. However although many 1st class hotels have a high standard of sanitation and safe water supply the people working in them and handling the food do not. Also tourism is an important source of income for many countries and disease risk will often be played down by the locals and even government bodies. Most episodes of diarrhoea are short-lived and require no particular treatment The need to treat diarrhoea depends on either its severity or persistence. Transmission is mostly via contaminated food or water. Choose food which is freshly and thoroughly cooked and served stemming hot Eat fruit or vegetables that you can peel or cut open yourself, eg. banana, citrus fruits, papaya. Dry foods and Breads are generally safe.

97. Peter Gurney's Guinea Pig Pages - Diarrhoea diarrhoea. diarrhoea can be as minor or as major a problem as it canbe in human beings. The days. DON'T TAKE CHANCES WITH diarrhoea. http://www.oginet.com/pgurney/diarrhoea.htm

Diarrhoea. Diarrhoea can be as minor or as major a problem as it can be in human beings The number one rule is that if the diarrhoea is fluid and has the added symptoms of the guinea pig's coat being fluffed up and it is sitting in a corner looking thoroughly miserable then it is a major problem. It must be taken to a vet P.D.Q., for it will be in need of an antibiotic, and quickly!. There are several diseases that guinea pigs can suffer from which can prove rapidly fatal and the symptoms I have just described are indicative of them. If the diarrhoea is fluid but the guinea pig is alert and though not eating as well, at least interested, the first thing to do is give it half a tablet of Diocalm, powdered down and given mixed with a small amount of water. This is a product formulated for human beings who have diarrhoea which is very safe and effective for use upon guinea pigs. The next thing to give, and this is very important, is a tablet of Buscopan, powdered down in the same way as the Diocalm. This is also a human medicine, which is a gut relaxant and analgesic. This eases the griping pains as it relaxes the gut spasms, which makes the animal feel better, which is half the battle. Repeat the Diocalm every ten to twelve hours but as soon as there is a sign of things beginning to firm up, stop the treatment. Usually two to three half tablets are sufficient.

98. Diarrhoea diarrhoea is when your bowel movements are more frequent than normal,the stools are usually loose or watery. What is diarrhoea? http://www.homehealth-uk.com/medical/diarrhoea.htm

Printing Help What is diarrhoea? Diarrhoea is when you pass stools (poo) more frequently than normal, the stools are usually loose or watery in consistency. Normal bowel habit can vary with each individual and this can be anything from 3 stools per day to 3 per week. A stool should be solid but moist and easy to pass. Diarrhoea is a common problem, which can affect anyone of any age and most people are affected by diarrhoea at some point in their lives. Diarrhoea usually lasts a day or two and comes on suddenly, this is known as an acute attack. However, you can also have chronic diarrhoea, which lasts over a long period of time (2-3 weeks or months). Chronic diarrhoea may signal the presence of an underlying health problem. What causes diarrhoea? Diarrhoea occurs when something upsets the normal process of your intestines and so speeds up the whole digestive process, as a result your bowel movements will be more frequent and liquidy. Diarrhoea is usually caused by viral or bacteria infections and food poisoning. Common types of bacteria which can cause diarrhoea are e.coli (Escherichia coli)and

99. National Pharmacies - General Ailments No. of Items. 0. Retail price $0.00. Members price $0.00. Benefit $0.00. http://www.nationalpharmacies.com.au/db/client/Cl_ProdList.php?catID=20&depID=4

100. 1.4 Acute Diarrhoea - BNF PANTOPRAZOLE Interactions. Indications see under Dose Cautions seenotes above; also renal impairment (Appendix 3); interactions http://bnf.vhn.net/bnf/documents/bnf.256.html

BNF No. 44 (September 2002) General information and late changes Guidance on prescribing Emergency treatment of poisoning ... Nurse Prescribers' Formulary Acute diarrhoea Adsorbents and bulk-forming drugs Antimotility drugs The first line of treatment in acute diarrhoea, as in gastro-enteritis, is prevention or treatment of fluid and electrolyte depletion. This is particularly important in infants and in frail and elderly patients. For details of oral rehydration preparations , see section 9.2.1.2. Severe dehydration requires immediate admission to hospital and urgent replacement of fluid and electrolytes. Antimotility drugs section 1.4.2 ) relieve symptoms of acute diarrhoea. They are used in the management of uncomplicated acute diarrhoea in adults; fluid and electrolyte replacement may be necessary in case of dehydration. Antimotility drugs are, however, not recommended for acute diarrhoea in young children. Antispasmodics ( section 1.2 ) are occasionally of value in treating abdominal cramp associated with diarrhoea but they should not be used for primary treatment. Antispasmodics and antiemetics should be

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