21. Diseases And Conditions -- Discovery Health -- End-stage Renal Disease endstage renal disease By Rajnish K. Dhingra, MD Images (click toview larger image) Urinary system. end-stage renal disease (ESRD http://health.discovery.com/diseasesandcond/encyclopedia/623.html

end-stage renal disease By Rajnish K. Dhingra, MD Images (click to view larger image) End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is a condition in which there is a permanent and almost complete loss of kidney function. The kidney functions at less than 10% of its normal capacity What is going on in the body? Diabetes and high blood pressure are two diseases that cause more than 60% of all cases of end-stage renal disease in the US. Other conditions that can lead to end-stage renal disease include: glomerulonephritis, which is swelling and scarring of the filtering part of the kidneys polycystic kidneys , an inherited disorder in which cysts enlarge the kidney interstitial disease, a swelling of the bladder wall obstructive uropathy, or a blockage in the urinary system systemic lupus erythematosus , in which there is long-term swelling of the joints, skin, and other organs multiple myeloma, a cancer of the bone marrow In end-stage renal disease, toxins slowly build up in the body. Normal kidneys remove these toxins from the body through urine. The toxins most commonly found are called urea and creatinine. By measuring these waste products in the blood, healthcare providers can tell if the kidneys are functioning normally. What are the signs and symptoms of the disease?

22. Postgraduate Medicine: Trends In End-stage Renal Disease Trends in endstage renal disease. Epidemiology, morbidity, and mortality. SanfordT. Reikes, MD. This is the first of three articles on end-stage renal disease. http://www.postgradmed.com/issues/2000/07_00/reikes.htm

Trends in end-stage renal disease Epidemiology, morbidity, and mortality Sanford T. Reikes, MD VOL 108 / NO 1 / JULY 2000 / POSTGRADUATE MEDICINE CME learning objectives To develop an understanding of the enormous scope of the end-stage renal disease (ESRD) problem in the United States To learn how ESRD rates and causes differ among races, by sex, and by age-group To understand the role of hypertension and diabetes in ESRD The author discloses no financial interests in this article. This is the first of three articles on end-stage renal disease Preview : End-stage renal disease (ESRD), which is often related to diabetes or hypertension, is a serious medical and economic public health problem throughout the world. An understanding of the scope of this condition, as well as the trends in outcomes, is essential for optimizing treatment of ESRD and establishing meaningful strategies for prevention. In this article, Dr Reikes describes the epidemiology of ESRD and reviews the trends in morbidity and mortality for patients undergoing dialysis or renal transplantation. Reikes ST. Trends in end-stage renal disease: epidemiology, morbidity, and mortality. Postgrad Med 2000;108(1):124-42

23. Postgraduate Medicine: End-stage Renal Disease endstage renal disease. A three-article symposium. end-stage renal diseaseIntroduction to a three-article symposium by Paul G. Schmitz, MD; http://www.postgradmed.com/issues/2000/07_00/schmitz_intro.htm

End-stage renal disease A three-article symposium Symposium coordinator Paul G. Schmitz, MD Associate Professor of Internal Medicine Program Director Department of Internal Medicine Saint Louis University School of Medicine St Louis, Missouri VOL 108 / NO 1 / JULY 2000 / POSTGRADUATE MEDICINE END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE : Introduction to a three-article symposium by Paul G. Schmitz, MD TRENDS IN END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE : Epidemiology, morbidity, and mortality by Sanford T. Reikes, MD PROGRESSIVE RENAL INSUFFICIENCY : Office strategies to prevent or slow progression of kidney disease by Paul G. Schmitz, MD RENAL TUBULOINTERSTITIAL FIBROSIS : New thoughts on its development and progression by Michael P. O'Donnell, PhD The incidence of terminal renal failure is rising at an alarming rate, in spite of impressive advances in the management of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Particularly distressing is the number of older patients who need renal replacement therapy. In fact, more than 50% of patients undergoing renal dialysis or transplantation for ESRD are age 65 or older. This symposium looks at several important aspects of ESRD. The morbidity and mortality associated with this problem are highlighted in the discussion on epidemiology, morbidity, and mortality of ESRD by Sanford T. Reikes, MD. For example, the extraordinary mortality among patients with underlying comorbid conditions, such as diabetes or atherosclerotic vascular disease, points to areas needing special attention. Some studies have shown that mortality rates for ESRD in these patients exceed those of advanced colon and breast cancer.

24. Baxter - End-Stage Renal Disease Fact Sheet (03-06-01) endstage renal disease. OVERVIEW. Progression of end-stage renal disease (ESRD)can be a gradual process where individuals may not recognize symptoms. http://www.baxter.com/includes/psa/esrdfacts_01.html

End-Stage Renal Disease OVERVIEW Kidney Function Kidneys act like a 24-hour cleaning crew for the blood. They filter out waste products and excess water, balance chemicals in the blood such as potassium and sodium, and also remove excess acid. They also produce a hormone to help bone marrow make red blood cells. Most people have two kidneys, each the size of a fist. These are located on either side of the backbone, just above the small of the back. Each day, the kidneys process roughly 1600 liters of blood. Kidney Failure There are two kinds of kidney failure: acute, which is sudden, and chronic, which is gradual. Acute kidney failure is a sudden loss of kidney function that may reverse within a few weeks. It usually occurs in response to an injury or poison. A person with acute kidney failure needs treatment very quickly to stay alive. Chronic kidney failure means that a person's kidneys stop working gradually as a result of a long-term disease.

25. Baxter - End-Stage Renal Disease Treatment Options (03/06/01) endstage renal disease Treatment Options. OVERVIEW end-stage renal disease(ESRD) means the kidneys do not work well enough to keep a person alive. http://www.baxter.com/includes/psa/esrdtreatment_01.html

End-Stage Renal Disease Treatment Options OVERVIEW End-stage renal disease (ESRD) means the kidneys do not work well enough to keep a person alive. Today there is no known cure for ESRD but there are successful treatment options. The two treatment options used when kidneys fail are dialysis (hemodialysis and peritoneal) and transplantation. Dialysis is the medical treatment for eliminating waste and extra fluid from the bloodstream that the kidneys can no longer remove. Kidney transplantation is an operation performed by a surgeon to replace the damaged kidney with a healthy one from another person. Due to the limited number of donor kidneys, the vast majority of people with ESRD - more than 300,000 people in the U.S. - rely on dialysis. CHOOSING A TREATMENT Selecting a dialysis treatment modality is a major decision that can impact a patient's quality-of-life while on dialysis. Many factors determine which therapy is best for an individual. A patient and a doctor will:

26. Kidney Directions: About End Stage Renal Disease Site sponsored by Baxter Healthcare discusses end stage renal disease, acute kidney failure, and chronic Category Health Conditions and Diseases end-stage renal disease......End stage renal disease affects the kidneys, which are two fistsized organs whosefunction is to balance your body's water content, remove waste products from http://www.kidneydirections.com/us/patients/basics/kidneys/ext-end-stage-renal-d

When someone has end stage renal disease, the kidneys are damaged. The kidneys no longer work well enough to remove wastes and excess fluids from the body. Complete kidney failure occurs when less than 10% of your kidneys are working. Toxins , waste products from foods and body cells, plus extra fluids build up in the blood. If the excess wastes and fluids are not removed, the whole body is affected. You will become ill from the build up of waste products and fluid. When the kidneys cannot work normally any longer, this is called kidney failure. When kidney failure progresses to the point where the kidneys do not function well enough to keep a person healthy, he or she will need treatment. A process called "dialysis" is used to replace some of the functions (waste and fluid removal) of the kidneys. Or, a patient may be a candidate for a kidney transplant, which is when a new kidney from a living or deceased donor replaces the patient's nonfunctioning kidney (patients usually receive dialysis while they are waiting for a donor kidney). Not all people with kidney failure are candidates for a transplant. Kidney failure can happen suddenly or slowly.

27. Bone Densitometry: Patients With End-Stage Renal Disease Bone Densitometry Patients with endstage renal disease. Title Patientswith end-stage renal disease. Agency Agency for Health http://www.ahcpr.gov/clinic/esrdbone.htm

Bone Densitometry: Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease Title : Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease. Agency : Agency for Health Care Policy and Research/Center for Health Care Technology (formerly the Office of Health Technology Assessment). Contact : Martin Erlichman, M.S., and Thomas V. Holohan, M.D., FACP. Status : Technology Assessment: Published, 1996. Language : English. Primary Objective : To assess which techniques, if any, are clinically useful in the medical management of patients with bone loss due to end-stage renal disease. Methods Used : Review of published literature, collection of information from major institutions and Federal agencies and interested parties in response to a Federal Register notice of intent to undertake assessment. Data Identification : Published literature identified by search of the MEDLINE database of articles published between 1986 and 1994. Study Selection : All published material of primary data addressing bone mineral density in ESRD patients and studies reporting BMD measurements and the incidence of fractures. Data Extraction : Type of study, size of sample, method and site of measurement, bone loss measured and fracture incidence compared to controls.

28. End-Stage Renal Disease Workgroup http://www.growthhouse.org/esrd/

29. End-Stage Renal Disease Navigation Strip Show complete frameset Site Map Search Home. Related · ProfessionalForum · Fast Facts · Palliative Care · Palliative Instruments http://www.growthhouse.org/esrd/esrd_nav.html

Related: Professional Forum Fast Facts Palliative Care Palliative Instruments ... Send Us Mail

30. Member Sign In Secondary Anemia Ask The Expert Calcium and Vitamin D in EndStage RenalDisease Posted 08/07/2002 from Medscape Critical Care Question. http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/439639

If you are having trouble logging in: In order to use Medscape, your browser must be set to accept "cookies." To find out how to adjust your browser settings, please click here Log In Username Password Forgot your password? Not a Member? Register Now for free access to: MEDLINE (Optimized for Physicians) 200+ Free CME Courses 25 Medical Specialty Sites 100+ Medical Journals Conference Coverage Daily Medical News About Medscape Help WebMD Health

31. Member Sign In Secondary Anemia Ask The Expert Use of Iron in endstage renal diseasePosted 07/22/2002 from Medscape Critical Care Question. An http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/438145

If you are having trouble logging in: In order to use Medscape, your browser must be set to accept "cookies." To find out how to adjust your browser settings, please click here Log In Username Password Forgot your password? Not a Member? Register Now for free access to: MEDLINE (Optimized for Physicians) 200+ Free CME Courses 25 Medical Specialty Sites 100+ Medical Journals Conference Coverage Daily Medical News About Medscape Help WebMD Health

32. End Stage Renal Disease: Choosing A Treatment That's Right For You endstage renal disease Choosing a. Treatment That's Right for You.This This condition is called end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Today http://www.duj.com/RenalDisease.html

End-Stage Renal Disease: Choosing a Treatment That's Right for You This e-text is for people whose kidneys fail to work. This condition is called end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Today, there are new and better treatments for ESRD that replace the work of healthy kidneys. By learning about your treatment choices, you can work with your doctor to pick the one that's best for you. No matter which type of treatment you choose, there will be some changes in your life. But with the help of your health care team, family, and friends, you may be able to lead a full, active life. This e-text describes the choices for treatment: hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and kidney transplantation. It gives the pros and cons of each. It also discusses diet and paying for treatment. It gives tips for working with your doctor, nurses, and others who make up your health care team. It provides a list of groups that offer information and services to kidney patients. It also lists magazines, books, and brochures that you can read for more information about treatment. You and your doctor will work together to choose a treatment that's best for you. This e-text can help you make that choice.

33. End-Stage Renal Disease Facility-Specific Profile For State Survey Agencies endstage renal disease Facility-Specific Profile for State SurveyAgencies. Project Background Under the Balanced Budget Act of http://www.med.umich.edu/kidney/cfmc.html

End-Stage Renal Disease Facility-Specific Profile for State Survey Agencies Project Background: Under the Balanced Budget Act of 1997, the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) is required to provide Congress a method for assessing the quality of dialysis care delivered to Medicare beneficiaries with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). As a part of this effort, HCFA is committed to providing adequate support for a data driven survey system, HCFA believes that is necessary to develop and utilize facility-specific data reports for the survey process. HCFA selected the Colorado Foundation for Medical Care (CFMC), a Denver-based private, and non-profit quality improvement organization, to facilitate the development of a facility-specific data report for state survey agencies. Based on recommendations from HCFA and from stakeholders in the renal community, CFMC convened a State Survey Agency Reporting Workgroup composed of thirteen experts with a variety of perspectives from the renal community. The objective of the State Survey Agency Reporting Workgroup was to develop from existing renal databases user-friendly, facility-specific profiles that can be used by state surveyors to select facilities for review and to structure surveys. The workgroup decided on the following criteria for selecting data elements to be included in facility-specific profiles: The data are available The data are at the facility-specific level The data must be correlated with outcomes (not necessarily perfectly correlated)

34. Health Updates: Risk Of End-Stage Renal Disease In Diabetes Home Risk of endstage renal disease in Diabetes. The December 17,1997 Journal of the American Medical Association reported an http://www.diabetic-lifestyle.com/articles/feb98_healt_1.htm

health updates february 98 Diabetic-Lifestyle Health Updates brings the latest in medical treatment and research results on diabetes and its complications. Diabetic-Lifestyle offers recipes, menus, medical updates, entertaining, travel - practical information to enhance life while managing diabetes on a daily basis. - Home Risk of End-Stage Renal Disease in Diabetes The December 17, 1997 Journal of the American Medical Association reported an article on Risk of End-Stage Renal Disease in Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes has long been associated with renal disease, but the magnitude of this risk factor was unknown. This study led by researchers at Johns Hopkins finds that diabetic men are 13 times more likely to develop End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) than non-diabetic men. ESRD occurs when both kidneys fail to function and dialysis or kidney transplants are needed for survival. Results of this study also show that diabetic men are 4 times more likely as non-diabetics to develop ESRD attributed to non-diabetic disorders such as high blood pressure or kidney infection. Researchers studies the records of 332,544 men ages 35 to 75 who participated in the Multiple Risk Factor Trial (MRFIT), a national multicenter trial conducted in the 1970s that aimed to reduce death rates from coronary artery disease by helping men to control blood pressure, lower cholesterol, and quit smoking.

35. Health Ency.: Disease: End-stage Renal Disease endstage renal disease. end-stage renal disease (ESRD) occurs when the kidneys areno longer able to function at a level that is necessary for day to day life. http://www.accessatlanta.com/shared/health/adam/ency/article/000500.html

SEARCH: The Web Yellow Pages HOME AJC.COM Illustrated Health Encyclopedia Important notice Ency. home Disease E End-stage renal disease Overview Symptoms Treatment Prevention Alternative names: Renal failure - end stage; Kidney failure - end stage; ESRD Definition: A complete or near complete failure of the kidneys to function to excrete wastes, concentrate urine, and regulate electrolytes Causes and Risks End-stage renal disease (ESRD) occurs when the kidneys are no longer able to function at a level that is necessary for day to day life. It usually occurs as chronic renal failure progresses to the point where kidney function is less than 10% of baseline. At this point, the kidney function is so low that without dialysis or kidney transplantation, complications are multiple and severe, and death will occur from accumulation of fluids and waste products in the body. In the United States, nearly 300,000 people are on chronic dialysis and more than 20,000 have a functioning transplanted kidney. The most common cause of ESRD in the US is diabetes mellitus . ESRD almost always follows chronic kidney failure , which may exist for 10 to 20 years or more before progression to ESRD.

36. EMJA: Cass Et Al, End-stage Renal Disease In Aboriginals In New South Wales: A V endstage renal disease in Aboriginals in New South Wales a very different pictureto the Northern Territory. Alan Cass, Adrian G Gillin and John S Horvath. http://www.mja.com.au/public/issues/171_8_181099/cass/cass.html

Home Issues Classifieds More... ... Search Research End-stage renal disease in Aboriginals in New South Wales: a very different picture to the Northern Territory Alan Cass, Adrian G Gillin and John S Horvath MJA Abstract Introduction Methods Results ... Articles on similar material Abstract Objectives: To compare the incidence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) among Aboriginals in New South Wales with the incidence among Aboriginals in the Northern Territory, and to compare the patterns of ESRD among Aboriginals and non-Aboriginals in NSW. Design: Secondary data analysis of information from unpublished and published Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry reports. Main outcome measures: Average annual incidence of ESRD (persons per million); form of renal replacement therapy; mortality at 31 March 1998; patient and graft survival one and five years after transplant. Results: Each year in NSW, 5-17 new Aboriginal patients are treated for ESRD. There was no increase in the average annual incidence of ESRD among NSW Aboriginals (118 per million in 1988-1989 and 111 per million in 1996-1997), whereas incidence in the NT increased from 255 per million to 800 per million. In NSW, ESRD was attributed to diabetes in 32% of Aboriginal patients, compared with 13% of non-Aboriginal patients ( P Conclusion: There is a different pattern of incidence of ESRD and of outcomes with treatment among Aboriginals in NSW compared with those in the NT. A possible explanation is that the lower incidence in NSW reflects less profound socioeconomic disadvantage and better access to primary and specialist care.

37. End-Stage Renal Disease In Children endstage renal disease in Children What Causes It? By Bradley Warady,MD. end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is the term that refers http://www.aakp.org/ESRD in Children.htm

Home Membership Education AAKP News ... Useful Links End-Stage Renal Disease in Children: What Causes It? By Bradley Warady, MD End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) is the term that refers to severe kidney failure that necessitates the initiation of dialysis therapy or kidney transplantation to maintain life. While ESRD occurs in children and adults, its etiology (cause) in the two populations is very different. Whereas diabetes mellitus and hypertension (high blood pressure) are the leading causes of ESRD in adult patients, two congenital abnormalities, posterior urethral valves and hypoplastic/dysplastic kidneys, and a third disorder, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) are the primary causes of long-term kidney failure in children and are the topic of this discussion. POSTERIOR URETHRAL VALVES Posterior urethral valves (PUV) is the most common cause of obstruction of the lower urinary tract in males (Figure 1). This abnormality consists of folds of tissue within the urethra that lead to incomplete or intermittent obstruction to the normal flow of urine. It occurs with an approximate incidence of one case for every 12,000 live births and accounts for 10 to 15 percent of children undergoing kidney transplantation. Overall, nearly 1/3 of children born with PUV progress to ESRD. The diagnosis of PUV is commonly first suggested by the finding of hydronephrosis (expansion and enlargement of the kidney) on antenatal (before birth) ultrasound in a male fetus. Confirmation of the diagnosis requires the performance of a voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) in the immediate post-natal period. This radiologic exam characteristically reveals the valve leaflets within the urethra, an enlarged posterior portion of the urethra and a thickened bladder wall, the latter finding the result of elevated bladder pressure that is secondary to the obstruction of urine flow.

38. END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE endstage renal disease - A patient with inadequate renal functionto support life. Individuals with end-stage disease must rely http://www.medhelp.org/glossary2/new/GLS_1818.HTM

END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE - A patient with inadequate renal function to support life. Individuals with end-stage disease must rely in kidney dialysis or peritoneal dialysis to survive. End-stage renal disease may be caused by a number of problems including diabetes sickle cell disease, hypertension , and congenital renal disease ( polycystic kidney disease Med Help Home Search Ask the Doctor ... Patient Network The medical glossary has been made possible by a generous donation from:

39. End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) Articles, Support Groups, And Resources endstage renal disease (ESRD). Medical Glossary end-stage renal disease. MedHelp HomeLibrary Search Medical Forums Patient Network. Revised 2/5/2003. http://www.medhelp.org/HealthTopics/End-Stage_Renal_Disease.html

[Health Topics A-Z] A B C D ... Z End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) Medical Glossary: END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE [Med Help Home] [Library Search] [Medical Forums] ... [Patient Network] Revised: 3/30/2003

40. LGR: Human End Stage Renal Disease home research esrd human. Human endstage renal disease. AN EPIDEMIOLOGICALANALYSIS TO DETERMINE FAMILIAL CLUSTERING OF end-stage renal disease. http://lgr.mcw.edu/research/esrd/human_esrd.html

home research Human End-Stage Renal Disease AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS TO DETERMINE FAMILIAL CLUSTERING OF END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE. U Broeckel1, P Tonellato1, A H Kissebah1, A P Provoost3, D Linzmeier1, N LePain2, J M Lazarus2, H J Jacob1. Med. Coll. of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA1; Fresenius Medical Care-NA, Lexington, USA2; Erasmus University Rotterdam, Netherlands3. Various rare forms of kidney disease which lead to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are known to be caused by gene defects. However, there is increasing evidence from human family studies, as well as genetic linkage analysis in animals, demonstrating that there are also inherited factors influencing the risk for developing diabetic or hypertensive ESRD. To determine the epidemiology of various causes of familial ESRD, we screened dialysis patients for familial clustering of ESRD and its risk factors. Human ESRD Project Team On-Line Project http://legba.ifrc.mcw.edu/ESRD/

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