1. OA Guide To Heat Related Injuries & Fluid Balance Heat injuries can be immediately lifethreatening. This article is prepared toprovide basic information about heat related illnesses for the lay person. http://www.princeton.edu/~oa/safety/heatill.html

OA Guide to Heat Related Illnesses by Rick Curtis Last Page update 3/18/97 Navigation Back to the Outdoor Action Home Page Back to the AEE Wilderness Safety Page Heat injuries can be immediately life-threatening. Be aware of the temperature conditions and your hydration levels. The information provided here is designed for educational use only and is not a substitute for specific training or experience. Princeton University and the author assume no liability for any individual's use of or reliance upon any material contained or referenced herein. This article is prepared to provide basic information about heat related illnesses for the lay person. Medical research is always expanding our knowledge of the causes and treatment. It is your responsibility to learn the latest information. The material contained in this article may not Fluid Balance All the body's fluids make up one large body fluid pool. Losses of fluid from any one source is reflected in the levels of all the body's other fluids: e.g. profuse sweating will ultimately result in decreased blood volume. If a patient loses enough fluid through any manner-bleeding, sweating, vomiting, or diarrhea-the end result is the same: dehydration and, potentially, volume shock. Adequate fluid is also critically important in hot environments to help our body thermoregulate (see Heat Illnesses page 00). Remember, dehydration can kill! If someone is chronically losing fluid (from diarrhea or vomiting), then you have a real emergency on your hands. Treat the cause of the fluid lose as best you can (see Shock page 00, Bleeding page 00, Heat Illnesses page 00, Abdominal Infections page 00) and rehydrate the patient.

2. Heat Related Injuries Definition And Information - OutdoorPlaces.Com heat related injuries Guide. Select A Topic Every year heat relatedinjuries kill experienced, wellconditioned hikers. In the United http://www.outdoorplaces.com/Features/Hiking/heat/

Park Finder Backcountry Hiking Mountaineering ... Community Discussion Group Meal Planning 101 Trash Bag Uses Giardia lamblia Bad Advice Sex In The Woods Fall Camping Pitfalls Car Clouting Finding Campsites Children Camping Leave No Trace Cramps Survival When Lost Discussion Group Altitude 101 Frostbite Hypothermia Lightning Safety Paddling With Kids Buying The Right Canoe River Rafting Danger Caving Basics Horses vs. Hikers Floyd's Archive Search Our Site Read our Privacy Policy We advise you to read our Terms of before using this site. Heat Related Injuries Guide Select A Topic To Go Heat Related Injuries Dehydration prevention symptoms treatment Heat Exhuastion symptoms treatment Sunstroke symptoms treatment Summary Heat injuries are close cousins to their winter time counterparts. Where hypothermia is the reduction of normal body temperature by 2-1/2 degrees or more, heat injuries is when the body temperatures soars above normal, or the body loses it’s ability to regulate heat due to exertion or exposure to a hot climate. Just like hypothermia, the very old, the very young, and those with circulatory disorders are more likely to get heat related injuries.

3. Heat Related Injuries Definition And Information - OutdoorPlaces.Com heat related injuries Guide. Prevention of heat related injuries are very simpleand require just a little common sense Wear a hat with a broad rim. http://www.outdoorplaces.com/Features/Hiking/heat/heat.html

Park Finder Backcountry Hiking Mountaineering ... Community Discussion Group Meal Planning 101 Trash Bag Uses Giardia lamblia Bad Advice Sex In The Woods Fall Camping Pitfalls Car Clouting Finding Campsites Children Camping Leave No Trace Cramps Survival When Lost Discussion Group Altitude 101 Frostbite Hypothermia Lightning Safety Paddling With Kids Buying The Right Canoe River Rafting Danger Caving Basics Horses vs. Hikers Floyd's Archive Search Our Site Read our Privacy Policy We advise you to read our Terms of before using this site. Heat Related Injuries Guide Select A Topic To Go Heat Related Injuries Dehydration prevention symptoms treatment Heat Exhuastion symptoms treatment Sunstroke symptoms treatment Summary Sunstroke (heatstroke) is a life threatening medical emergency. It is one of the few medical emergencies where heroic measures need to be taken immediately to help save the victims life. Sunstroke is the opposite of hypothermia.

4. Heat Related Injuries http://www.ccps.org/ccps/athletic/injury/heat.html

The main problem associated with exercising in hot weather is water loss through sweating. Water loss is best replaced by allowing athletes to drink as much water as they like, whenever they wish. Heat Cramps Painful cramps and spasms of active muscles Especially calf muscles Caused by intense, prolonged exercise in the heat Depletion of water and salt due to sweating First Aid: Rest in a cool place Firm pressure on cramping muscles or gentle massage Sips of water unless nausea occurs Heat Fatigue Feeling of weakness and tiredness Caused by depletion of water and salt due to sweating Heat Exhaustion Extreme weakness Exhaustion Headache Dizziness Profuse sweating and sometimes unconsciousness Cool, moist, pale or red skin -Sweating skin and normal or below normal body temperature First Aid: Remove from sun Lay down and loosen clothing Apply cool, wet cloths Fan or move to air conditioned room Sips of water unless nausea occurs Heat Stroke Individual is usually unconscious Dry skin- not sweating High body temperature Hot, red skin

5. Heat Related Injuries In ChildrenSpeak Up For Kids SPEAK UP FOR KIDS heat related injuries in Children HeatRelated Injuries Threedangers of summertime are heat cramps, heat exhaustion, and heatstroke. http://www.speakupforkids.org/heat.html

6. SUMMER FUN - SUMMER SAFETY AVOIDING HEAT RELATED INJURIES SUMMER FUN SUMMER SAFETY AVOIDING heat related injuries By Jack H. Olender,Esq. This article was published in The Washington Afro-American. http://www.olender.com/CM/Articles/Articles88.asp

SUMMER FUN - SUMMER SAFETY AVOIDING HEAT RELATED INJURIES By Jack H. Olender, Esq. This article was published in The Washington Afro-American. F rom the shady tree-lined terraces of upper Northwest through the opened-hydrant streets of Southeast, to Rehoboth, Bethany and back, anyone who has ever spent a summer in the Washington metropolitan area knows first-hand the stifling, overwhelming, mindnumbing heat and humidity that engulfs the region this time of year: the temps in April and May that approach the mid-90's, followed by the record-breaking heat-waves in July, August and September that steadily climb into the low-100's with heat indexes 5 to 10 degrees higher. While summer conjures up the promise of parks, picnics, and lazy boating outings, it also camouflages the threat of a hidden menace, heat related injuries, which we quite often relegate to those society considers most vulnerable, our senior citizens. While the risk is highest among the elderly, heat-related exhaustion, stroke and death, under the right conditions, can affect healthy people of any age. Heat related illnesses occur when the body gains heat faster than it can dispose of it, and the illnesses can be rapidly brought on by exertion in poor atmospheric conditions. Any extended period of time spent in above average air temperatures can overwhelm the body's ability to cool itself and bring on the following conditions:

7. Avoiding Heat-Related Injuries everyone should be aware of the warning signs. Following are a few specifictips on recognizing and preventing heat related injuries. http://www.desertortho.com/reberheat.htm

8. Heat Related Injuries HeatRelated Injuries Up Bites Stings Burns heat related injuries Spinal Cord InjuryTrauma Injuries Books High Altitude Medicine Trauma Injury Journals. http://www.medlina.com/heat_related_injuries.htm

Academic Medicine Addiction Aging AIDS-HIV ... Women's Health The Web MEDLINA.com (partial) CDC WHO FDA NIH CATEGORIES Search: All Products Books Magazines Popular Music Classical Music Video DVD Baby Electronics Software Outdoor Living Wireless Phones Keywords: Home Up Accidents Burns Heat Related Injuries Spinal Cord Injury High Altitude Medicine Heat-Related Injuries Heat Safety - http://www.nws.noaa.gov What to do when a heat wave strikes. Heat related illnesses and symptoms. The heat index section and its effects is especially important for high risk individuals. From the National Weather Service. MEDLINEplus: Heat Illness - http://www.nlm.nih.gov Resources and fact sheets for dealing with heat related illnesses. Heat Exhaustion, Heatstroke - http://www.runnersworld.com An article about how, why, and what to do about heat-related injuries. Heat Stroke Prevention - http://www.allsands.com Heat stroke is the most dangerous heat related disorder there is, often putting victim's lives in danger. Learn how to prevent and protect yourself and other heat related disorders. What Is Heat-Related Illness? - The Daily Apple

9. Heat Related Injuries, July 1995 MSMR Aug, 1995 Vol. 01 / No. 05 Page 2 heat related injuries, July 1995.Cluster 1 Five cases of heat exhaustion were reported during http://amsa.army.mil/1msmr/1995/v01_n05_Article1.htm

MSMR Aug, 1995 Vol. 01 / No. 05 Page 2 Heat related injuries, July 1995 Cluster #1 Five cases of heat exhaustion were reported during the first week of July at Fort Bragg, NC. The heat casualties occurred in soldiers who were at the "Green Ramp," attending advanced airborne school pre-jump training and preparation. Personnel were fully suited with rucksack, load bearing equipment, helmet, and parachute. Reportedly, there was no shade, and the casualties were positioned on a dark tarmac, near reflective aircraft. No Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) reading was available, but the weather was sunny, hot, and humid Cluster # Between July 10th and 18th, eighteen cases of heat related injuries occurred at Fort Sill, OK during a field training exercise in Category 5 weather conditions. On July 10th, fourteen soldiers were treated for heat exhaustion. Two days later a soldier was admitted with a rectal temperature of Cluster # Eleven soldiers taking part in a field training exercise were diagnosed with heat exhaustion during Category 5 weather conditions (WBGT 91.8

10. HEAT RELATED INJURIES AND HYDRATION PROTOCOLS heat related injuries AND HYDRATION PROTOCOLS. HEAT EXPOSURE SYNDROMES.AND. FLUID REPLACEMENT. By. TONY JABBOUR, MD. PART I. INTRODUCTION. http://drjabbour.server101.com/heat_related_injuries_and_hydrat.htm

HEAT RELATED INJURIES AND HYDRATION PROTOCOLS HEAT EXPOSURE SYNDROMES AND FLUID REPLACEMENT By TONY JABBOUR, MD PART I INTRODUCTION Heat stroke deaths still occur in high school football and college wrestling. It can also occur in other sports during the hot summer months. Environmental heat-induced deaths can be preventable. In recent years, educated coaches have helped significantly in decreasing the incidence of heat related deaths in athletes. This article will detail some of the causes of dehydration and heat illnesses as well as preventative measures that the athlete, his family and the coaching staff can undertake. SWEATING AND ELECTROLYTE LOSS Sweating begins when the body is challenged by elevated environmental temperature. Sweat production increases sharply with increasing temperature and can result in loss of more than 10 liters of fluid in 24 hours. Sweat rate can reach 2 liters per hour during intense activity in warm weather. Sweating is an efficient means of cooling the body when the humidity is low. When humidity rises the evaporation of sweat decreases; no heat loss results from sweat that drips off of or remains in clothing. Although pouring water over head and neck may feel good, this practice does little to reduce body temperature because skin is usually already covered with sweat. Athletes must be encouraged to put more fluid in their stomachs than on their heads. Sodium, chloride, and to a lesser extent, potassium and magnesium are lost in sweat. Salt tablets are not recommended without the supervision of a physician. The American diet provides more than enough sodium to replace losses.

11. Injury heat related injuries occur when an individual's heat generation exceeds the abilityto dissipate heat. Heatrelated injuries include (under construction), http://www.pa.emory.edu/injury.htm

Home Up Heat Cramps Heat Exhaustion ... Toxic Hyperthermia Heat related injuries occur when an individual's heat generation exceeds the ability to dissipate heat. Factors involved include environmental conditions, exertion, clothing, and water and salt intake. Agriculture, along with construction and mining, has had a high incidence of heat related injury. Farmworkers are particularly susceptible for a variety of reasons. Due to the pressures of piece-rate picking, whether imposed by the employer, crewleader or the worker himself, workers may often be reluctant to slow down or stop even when signs of heat injury begin to appear. Read the account of a tragic episode in North Carolina involving an H-2A guest worker, as reported by the Charlotte (NC) Observer. Although ready access to drinking water is required on all but the smallest farms, workers may be reluctant to stop and drink. Anecdotally, the South Georgia Farmworker Health Project found many workers stating that water caused them to become nauseated while working. A number chose to drink sodas or beer while working. Further dehydration due to alcohol intake is certainly an additional problem. Tomato field, Decatur County, June 1998.

12. Prevention Preventing heat related injuries, Most heatrelated health problems can be prevented.The following are a few basic precautions that will help reduce the risk. http://www.tamucc.edu/~edtech/summer.5310.1998/kmires/second.htm

Preventing Heat Related Injuries Most heat-related health problems can be prevented. The following are a few basic precautions that will help reduce the risk. The day before strenuous activity drink more fluid than needed. Thirst poorly indicates the need for water. Thirst poorly indicates the need for water. Drink plenty of water during the activity. Stop often at least every half hour and drink between 5-12 ounces an hour. Do not drink alcohol or beverages with caffeine. Alternate work and rest. If possible heavy work should be scheduled during the cooler parts of the day. Acclimation to heat through short exposures leading up to longer exposures. A good rule of thumb of acclimation is a worker should start at 50% of the normal workload and work up to 100% on the fifth day. Wear a wide brimmed hat. Back to Home Page Types of Heat Related Injuries Links to Other Sites

13. Fourth Preventing heat related injuries. http://www.tamucc.edu/~edtech/summer.5310.1998/kmires/fourth.htm

Links to Other Heat Related Sites http://www.supernetwork.net/csn/features/j19980601.htm Keeping workers cool. Goes over common heat related problems, symptoms, and what to if the symptoms occur. http://www.osha-slc.gov/TechMan_data/II_4.html Osha's Technical Manual Chapter 4 section II-Heat Stress A good source that offers an introduction, a section of heat disorders and heat effects and more. http://www.umr.edu/~umrshs/heat.html Offers the symptoms, mental status, core temperature and treatment of heat exhaustion and heat stroke http://www.peiapathways.com/lvminter/self care/heatexha.htm A good site that asks questions to determine if the signs of heat stoke or heat exhaustion are present as well as offering advise toward prevention of heat exhaustion and heat stroke Back to Home Page Types of Heat Related Injuries Preventing Heat Related Injuries

14. Untitled Heat Injuries heat related injuries With the wonderful balmy summer alreadyin high gear, many can fall victim to heatrelated injuries. http://members.tripod.com/isar_94/heatinjuries.html

Heat Injuries Heat Related Injuries With the wonderful balmy summer already in high gear, many can fall victim to heat-related injuries. Here are some signs and symptoms to look out for: 1. Heat Cramps Signs and Symptoms: Severe muscle cramps (usually in the legs and abdomen), exhaustion, sometimes dizziness or faintness. Emergency Procedures: *Move patient to a nearby cool place *Loosen any constrictive clothing *Give patient water (sports drinks work well, too) *Help ease cramps by muscle massage *Alert EMS 2. Heat Exhaustion Signs and Symptoms: Rapid shallow breathing, weak pulse, cold clammy skin, heavy perspiration, total body weakness, and dizziness leading to unconsciousness. Emergency Procedures: *Move the patient to a nearby cool place *Keep patient at rest *Remove any constrictive clothing *Give patient water/sports drink, but not if he/she is unconscious *Treat for shock *Alert EMS 3. Heat Stroke Signs and Symptoms: Shallow breathing, weak/thready pulse, dry/hot skin, dilated pupils, loss of consciousness (possible coma), convulsions or muscular twitching. Emergency Procedures: *Move the patient to nearby cool place *Remove constrictive clothing *Keep the patient at rest *Give patient water/sports drink, but not if patient is unconscious *Treat for shock *Alert EMS Back to Home Page....

15. Heat Stress heat related injuries seem to occur often with the elderly; people who are not ingood physical condition; or acclimatized to the heat. GENERATION OF BODY HEAT. http://ehs.tamuk.edu/Heat_Stress/heatstress.htm

The hazards of living and working in South Texas under elevated temperature conditions can range from simply being annoyed by the heat - - to a life threatening emergency. There are ways in which you can beat the heat in order to protect yourself under hot conditions. You must take precautions to avoid heat stress and you must also know the symptoms and emergency procedures of heat stress so that you may assist a co-worker or a loved-one who is suffering from a heat-related illness. INTRODUCTION Since 1936, according to the National Safety Council, 30,000 people have died from heat related illnesses. On the average, 384 people die each year from heat stroke. This is an average number of deaths associated with normal hot temperatures. In the event of a heat wave, the number of deaths increase tremendously. Heat related injuries seem to occur often with the elderly; people who are not in good physical condition; or acclimatized to the heat. GENERATION OF BODY HEAT There are two main ways in which our bodies produce heat: Metabolic Heat - the body generates heat through the digestion of food and exercise.

16. City Of Detroit  -- Press Releases --CITY ISSUES HEAT ALERT AND ACTIVATES COOLI and thunderstorms on Wednesday may bring some relief, Detroiters are encouragedto take precautions to reduce the risk of heat related injuries and illness. http://www.ci.detroit.mi.us/ccsd/Releases/pr070102.htm

Press Releases Total Copy Home PRESS RELEASES July 1, 2002 MEDIA CONTACT: Krystal A. Fields (313) 224-3433 SENIOR CITIZENS DEPT.: Sandra Tene Ramsey (313) 224-9191 HEALTH DEPT.: Judith West (313) 876-4600 CITY ISSUES HEAT ALERT AND ACTIVATES COOLING CENTER Blistering 90 degree temperatures and sticky humidity put senior citizens, children and the homeless population at risk for heat related illnesses. For many, access to a cooler environment for even a short while could prevent serious illness. To that end, Mayor Kwame M. Kilpatrick ordered that the season's first cooling center open today. The Detroit Recreation Department opened the cooling center at the Considine Recreation Center, 8904 Woodward Ave. in Detroit. Residents can cool off from 8 a.m. to 8 p.m. Residents can enter any public building to cool off if they feel themselves being overcome by heat. View Considine map... Citizens are encouraged to call 911 if they observe anyone suffering from heat related illnesses. The Detroit Senior Citizens Department has a limited number of fans that will be made available to Detroit's seniors. Residents should call the Senior Information and Assistance Center at (313) 224-5444 for more information.

17. Children's Hospital: For Parents And Family: Raising Healthy Kids How to Protect Your Kids when the Heat Hits. When the heat hits Washington thissummer and it will - children are at risk for many heat related injuries. http://www.dcchildrens.com/parents/par2c1_mn.asp

Ask a Doctor Health and Medical Information Community Education Helpful Links How to Protect Your Kids when the Heat Hits Sunburn The most common and easily preventable heat related problem. It is important to remember that one episode of severe sunburn while young can double the chance of developing skin cancer later in life. Prevention Tips: Avoid direct sunlight between 11 a.m. and 3 p.m. Keep infants younger than six months of age out of the sun Use water resistant sunscreen with an SPF of at least 15 to any exposed part of a child, reapply regularly Use strollers and carriages with canopies to block the sun Dress children in muted colors, wide-brimmed hats, and safe sunglasses Examine the skin regularly for changes Set a good example by taking care of yourself Treatment: To cool the skin, apply cool, wet towels or try a cool bath followed by moisturizer If blisters form, do not pop them and contact your pediatrician Dress your child in loose-fitting clothes Call your doctor immediately if: your child has nausea, vomiting, chills, fever or acts delirious

18. SportsFirst Avoiding heat related injuries and illnesses. It's that time of the year again,everyone wants to be outside enjoying the nice weather and soaking in the sun. http://www.sportsfirst.com/library/library60.asp

Breaking news Specials Baptist Health System Pool Availability ... Ask The Expert Avoiding heat related injuries and illnesses Different types of heat injuries include: heat cramps, heat rash, dehydration, salt depletion, heat exhaustion, and heat stroke. The latter two are potentially fatal. Heat Cramps are involuntary, and sometimes painful cramping of the muscles, usually in the calves or abdomen. These cramps usually occur from and imbalance of sodium and potassium as a result of salt loss through heavy sweating. Fluid and electrolyte (salt) replacement is the proper treatment. Heat Rash is characterized by a prickling sensation in the skin during sweating. The obvious but often impractical treatment is to limit exposure to high-temperature conditions that induce sweating. Dehydration is the lack of sufficient fluids in the body usually lost from sweating during exercise. Early signs of dehydration are decreased urine production, lethargy, anxiety, and irritability. Severe dehydration may be manifested by un-coordinated, spastic gait and altered consciousness. Untreated dehydration may lead to cardiovascular collapse and death. Salt depletion is exclusively the result of heat exposure, usually occurring in conditions of high sweat production over several hours or several days of repeated exposure. Mild salt depletion causes symptoms similar to mild dehydration. Sever depletion can cause seizures, coma, and death. Moderate to severe depletion should be treated under the direction of a physician.

19. Acadia Department Of Safety & Security Acadia Univeristy Home Page. First Aid Information. Nose Bleeds; Eye Injuries;heat related injuries; Cold Related Injuries; KnockedOut Tooth; http://admin.acadiau.ca/security/aid.htm

Emergency calls - 542-7711 : General inquiries - 585-1103 First Aid Information Nose Bleeds Eye Injuries Heat Related Injuries Cold Related Injuries ... Diabetes

20. Heat.htm heat related injuries. The old idea that water should be withheldfrom athletes during workouts has no scientific foundation. The http://www.nvnet.org/nvhs/sports/atc/Pages/heat.htm

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