81. Untitled Document horner's syndrome by Dr. Dennis Hacker horner's syndrome is an intriguingdisorder of the nervous system that is complex to explain. http://www.gvsvet.com/horners.htm

Horner's Syndrome by Dr. Dennis Hacker Horner's syndrome is an intriguing disorder of the nervous system that is complex to explain. There are two major divisions of the nervous system. There is the part of your nervous system that you are aware of and have control over. For example you feel cold and in response you consciously initiate all the actions that result in you putting on a jacket. This is the voluntary nervous system. Additionally there is the part of your nervous system that is under automatic control. You cannot control this system and the actions occur without your input. Again you feel cold and start to shiver. That occurs without your control or input. Similarly, you do not have to think to make your heart beat. The automatic (doctor's call it autonomic) nervous system - the part you have no control of - itself has two divisions... the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. If you have just finished a large meal and are sitting around feeling "stuffed" and feel "snoozy" you are feeling the actions of the parasympathetic nervous system. During this time, your pupils will be small due to constriction. If someone attacks you with a knife, your pupils dilate, blood is shifted to your muscles and your heart beats faster. This is the 'fight or flight' reaction and is characteristic of the sympathetic nervous system. The eye, and the rest of the body as well, receives both sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation. Under normal conditions there is a fine balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation. If something were to block the sympathetic impulses into the eye, there would be an over balance of parasympathetic supply to the eye. This is what happens in Horner's syndrome.

82. Mystic Pup: Dog Vision - Eye Topics H To O Canine Eye Topics H to O. Updated July 4, 2002. Canine Eye Topics horner'ssyndrome. Technical. horner's syndrome (Animal Eye Specialists). http://www.mysticpup.net/DogVision/eye_H_O.html

Blind Dog And Canine Vision Resources Canine Eye Topics: H to O Updated July 4, 2002 Canine Eye Topics: Horner's Syndrome Technical Horner's Syndrome Animal Eye Specialists Horner's Syndrome Veterinary Ophthalmology Information Centre ) Select Horner's Syndrome from left border menu. Horner's Syndrome Causes Pet's Droopy Eye College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Injury / Trauma Technical Eye Diseases Part 1 American Chesapeake Club ) Scroll down to Corneal Trauma. Eye Injuries Common in Dogs College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Ocular Foreign Body Injuries Common to the Desert Environment Eye Clinic for Animals KCS / Dry Eye Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca Technical Cataracts and Dry Eye Pets With Diabetes Dry Eye Veterinary Vision Dry Eye Syndrome American College of Veterinary Ophthalmologists ) Click on Public Arena in left border menu. Click on Dry Eye Syndrome. Dry Eye Syndrome Veterinary Ophthalmology Services, Inc. Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca Eye Clinic for Animals Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca (Dry Eye) Animal Eye Care California Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca (Dry Eye) Drs. Foster and Smith Pet Education Center

83. Autonomic Differential Diagnosis Localized autonomic dysfunction horner's syndrome Ptosis; Miosis; Anhidrosis;Reflex sympathetic dystrophy; horner's syndrome From P Bailey. http://www.neuro.wustl.edu/neuromuscular/autonomic.html

Front Search Index Links ... Patient Info AUTONOMIC DISORDERS Diseases or syndromes Acute Amyloidosis Catecholamines ... Systemic diseases External link: Pupil disorders System disorders Cardiac Gastrointestinal ... Urinary AUTONOMIC DISEASE SYNDROMES Systemic diseases Amyloidosis Diabetes Mellitus Porphyria Infections Chagas' HIV Leprosy Rabies Chronic renal or hepatic disease: Usually subclinical Immune disorders Acute Dysautonomia Paraneoplastic : Especially Small cell lung cancer Sensory neuronopathy: anti-Hu Dysautonomia : IgG vs a 3 subunit of acetylcholine receptor Enteric neuropathy anti-Hu CV-2 LEMS ? Collagen Vascular Disorders System Degenerations Idiopathic Orthostatic Hypotension Shy-Drager (Multiple systems atrophy) Parkinsonism: DOPA responsive Mitochondrial - MNGIE M yopathy and external ophthalmoplegia; N europathy; G astro- I ntestinal; E ncephalopathy) Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) Hereditary autonomic disorders Congenital Anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia Aniridia : Paired box gene 6; 11p13 Biemond congenital anaesthesia Dopamine b -Hydroxylase deficiency (HSAN 2) Hirschsprung's congenital megacolon Hypoventilation Lacrimation: Absence Other congenital dysautonomias ... Riley-Day (HSAN 3): 9q31 Sensory PN + anhidrosis (HSAN 4): TRKA/NGF receptor; 1q21-q22

84. Marguerite McDonald, MD - Eye Conditions - Horner's Syndrome Marguerite McDonald, MD. Home Conditions horner's syndrome, http://drmcdonald.eyemdlink.com/Condition.asp?ConditionID=227

85. HEROS Home Page Sources Of Help Crisis Local Living Health horner's syndrome. Definition. horner's syndrome may occur as a congenital lesion(at or soon after birth) or as an acquired condition at any age. Causes. http://www.heros.org.uk/health/health.ihtml?step=4&Healthpid=1371

86. Horner’s Syndrome There is no specific treatment for horner's syndrome itself. Call your health careprovider if you have any symptoms that may be linked with horner's syndrome. http://www.iowaclinic.com/adam/ency/article/000708trt.shtml

Disease Injury Nutrition Poison ... Prevention Horner’s syndrome Treatment: Treatment depends on the underlying cause. There is no specific treatment for Horner's syndrome itself. Expectations (prognosis): Prognosis is dependent on whether treatment of the underlying cause is successful. Complications: There is no direct complications of Horner's syndrome itself, but complications may be associated with the underlying disease or its treatment. Calling your health care provider: Call your health care provider if you have any symptoms that may be linked with Horner's syndrome. Review Date: 7/25/2002 Reviewed By: Joseph V. Campellone, M.D., Division of Neurology, Cooper Hospital/University Medical Center, Camden, NJ. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Home Introduction Specialties and Locations Bill Payment Online ... Health Library

87. Autonomic Dysfunction horner's syndrome. horner's syndrome Handbook of Ocular Disease Management,http//www.revoptom.com/handbook/sect6g.htm.return to main menu http://www.pharmacology2000.com/Autonomics/Introduction/autodys1.htm

Autonomic Dysfunction Overview-Anesthetic Implications Anesthetic implications in the Diabetic patient with autonomic dysfunction Increased risk for general anesthesia associated with more cardiovascular morbidity Diabetes mellitus: most common cause of autonomic neuropathy Anatomical Characteristics: Early small-fiber damage reduced sweating heart rate variability secondary to abnormal vagal tone Diabetic neuropathic foot initial reduced temperature/pain sensation; later reduced sensitivity to touch/vibration Despite increased total blood flow, capillary flow may decrease with distal ischemia resulting Reduced precapillary vasoconstriction in the foot alters systemic blood distribution, e.g. for healthy individuals about 700 ml of blood volume pools in the legs/splanchnic vascular beds upon standing (with a decrease of about 20% in cardiac output) reduced or absent cardioacceleration to compensate for diminish cardiac output Cardiovascular Effects of Aging: Increased cardiovascular lability and responsiveness secondary to reduced alpha

88. Blank horner's syndrome. horner's horner's syndrome Handbook of Ocular DiseaseManagement,http//www.revoptom.com/handbook/sect6g.htm. Autonomic http://www.pharmacology2000.com/lectures/Autonomics/Introduction/page6.htm

Autonomic PharmacologyIntroduction-Lecture IV, slide 1 press above to begin the lecture return to Pharmacology Table of Contents Table of Contents ANS Anatomy Autonomic and Somatic Innervation Autonomic Reflex Arc Autonomic Reflex Arc: First Link Sensory Fiber Neurotransmitter(s) Autonomic Nervous System Neurotransmitters: Summary CNS and the Autonomic Nervous System Spinal Cord Reflexes Hypothalamus and Nucleus tractus solitarii Higher Centers Peripheral ANS Divisions Sympathetic Nervous System Anatomy Diagram Sympathetic System Anatomical Outline Paravertebral Ganglia Prevertebral Ganglia Terminal Ganglia Adrenal Medulla Parasympathetic System Anatomy ANS Neurotransmitter Effector Organs Eye Heart Arterioles Systemic Veins Lung Skin Adrenal Medulla Skeletal Muscle Liver Posterior Pituitary "Fight or Flight": Characteristics of the ANS

89. TICA: Veternarian Column horner's syndrome. The Question My vet told me that my cat had horner's syndrome.Can you tell me exactly what this is and if there is a treatment for it? http://www.tica.org/vet/vet22.htm

Horner's Syndrome The Question: My vet told me that my cat had Horner's Syndrome. Can you tell me exactly what this is and if there is a treatment for it? It only affects her one eye and I was curious about the long term effects of this disease. Thank You, M. Perrus The Answer Horner's syndrome is an abnormality in the nerve signals of the eye resulting in one or more of the following signs: miosis, prolapse of the third eyelid, ptosis, and enopthalmus. In other words the eye looks smaller, the third eyelid is often covering half of it and the pupil is constricted. It usually occurs on one side, but can be bilateral. You can use drugs which affect the sympathetic nerve pathways and see if they will override the affect to see if you indeed have Horner's syndrome. There are a variety of causes for Horner's syndrometrauma to the nerves innervationg the eye being the most common. Viruses, masses placing pressure on the nerves, anything causing inflammation of the nerves can cause Horner's syndrome. Horner's syndrome itself is not life threatening and is treated by treating the underlying cause. (reduce swelling from trauma, remove mass etc. ) I would imagine your cat has been diagnosed with some other problem and when this is cured the Horner's syndrome will go away.

90. MedFriendly.com: Anisocoria horner'S syndrome If the problem is an abnormally small pupil, thisindicates horner's syndrome. horner's syndrome is a group of http://www.medfriendly.com/anisocoria.html

TM Anisocoria MedFriendly.com TM TM A B C D ... Why is it called anisocoria? WHAT IS IT? Anisocoria is a condition in which the pupils of the eyes are not of equal size. WHAT IS THE PUPIL? The pupil is the black circle in the middle of each eye that responds to light. The pupil gets wider when there is less light in order to increase the amount of light that enters the eye. The pupil narrows when there is more light in order to decrease the amount of light that enters the eye. WHAT CAUSES ANISOCORIA? There are many possible causes of anisocoria, some of which are listed below: SIMPLE ANOSOCORIA: One of the most common causes is called simple anisocoria. Simple aniscoria is seen in 20% of normal people and thus, is not a problem. In simple anisocoria, the pupils are different by a size of 0.3 and 0.5 millimeters. A millimeter is a very small unit of length equal to .0394 inches. The pupil sizes in such individuals commonly change from day to day and even from hour to hour. Often, the aniscoria is not present when doctors reevaluate such patients. HORNER'S SYNDROME: If the problem is an abnormally small pupil, this indicates Horner's

91. The Internet Vet Column, Volume 2, Number 16 Kathy asks about horner's syndrome I sold a kitten about 8 months ago. Shewill be 1 yr. old in June, 1995. He said the cat had horner's syndrome. http://www.io.com/~tittle/ivc/1995/internet-vet.2.16.html

The Internet Vet Column Thu, Jun 22 1995 Lucy wrote: I have an adult cat which was raised on cooked food; his diet consists of salmon, beef, some chicken, lamb, cheese, and very occasional wet canned cat food. Our vet says that this is a formula for trouble, that he is probably lacking in taurine. The cat is free to forage from March until November; he is quite successful at hunting birds, mice, and chipmunks. Are they a source of taurine? The vet suggested clam juice and/or tuna in water. He will have nothing to do with either... Sufficient taurine is important to cats' eyes and hearts, as well as being an important part of bile in cats' digestive systems. While a diet of uncooked wild rodents and birds is probably rich in taurine, I don't suggest it as a means of maintaining adequate taurine intake. Clams and tuna are both rich in taurine. During the winter you might consider supplementing the diet with taurine. I believe you can obtain it in many health stores. Or increase the commercial cat food - most are also supplemented these days. Kathy asks about Horner's Syndrome: Horner's syndrome is well known to every 1st and 2nd year vet student. It is a somewhat uncommon clinical syndrome that helps to remind us all of how the body wasn't necessarily engineered by some omnipotent genius. Part of the nervous system called sympathetic nerves arise from origins in spinal segments in the chest and abdominal backbone. Many functions of the eye depend on sympathetic nerves, but to get there, they must travel from this downstream region back up to the head. The sympathetic nerves going to the eye pass near the brachial plexi, as well as near the middle ear. If this nerve gets damaged, the signs we see are quite clearly indicative of what has happened (but not necessarily how). The signs are: eye sunken into its socket, drooping eyelid, raised third eyelid and constriction of the pupil.

92. HORNER'S SYNDROME horner'S syndrome A nerve condition which involves a dropping eyelid (ptosis),constricted pupil, and lack of sweating on one side of the face. http://www.mymedadvice.com/html/4/gls_2497.htm

HORNER'S SYNDROME - A nerve condition which involves a dropping eyelid ( ptosis ), constricted pupil, and lack of sweating on one side of the face. Often seen in association with injury (e.g. neck fracture , penetrating injury) to the cervical sympathetic nerve trunk in the neck. Compression on the nerve trunk due to a tumor (e.g. Pancoast tumor, leukemia , lymphoma) can also manifest with this disorder. Neuroblastoma may cause this condition.

93. ASEM V69N3: Carotid Artery Dissection Presenting As A Painless Horner's Syndrome Carotid artery dissection presenting as a painless horner's syndrome in a pilotfit to fly? The horner's syndrome persisted unchanged throughout followup. http://www.asma.org/Publication/abstract/v69n3/69-307.htm

Carotid artery dissection presenting as a painless Horner's syndrome in a pilot: fit to fly? Venketasubramanian N, Singh J, Hui F, Lim M-K Aviat Space Environ Med 1998; 69:307-10 Abstract , and certified to fly as or with a co-pilot commencing 1 yr after onset of his symptoms. Information on subscribing, and on obtaining copies of an article or of an entire issue. Table of Contents for Volume 69, Number 3 of the ASEM journal. ASEM Home Page

94. Health Library Find Information On Horner’s Syndrome At Learn more about horner’s syndrome, horner's syndrome is caused by injury to thesympathetic nerves of the face which includes a constricted pupil, drooping http://www.mercksource.com/pp/us/cns/cns_hl_adam.jspzQzpgzEzzSzppdocszSzuszSzcns

95. William J. Lipham, MD - Eye Conditions - Horner's Syndrome William J. Lipham, MD. Home Conditions horner's syndrome, http://drlipham.eyemdlink.com/Condition.asp?ConditionID=227

96. The Osler Medical Journal: Osler At The Bedside http://omj.med.jhu.edu/bedside/vol4/june98.shtml

Error processing SSI file '/bedside/vol4/menu1.shtml' Horner's Syndrome: A Clinical Exam in the Dark Katherine L. Widnell , M.D., Ph.D. The triad of miosis, ptosis, and enophthalmos is called "Horner's syndrome" in honor of its 1869 description by Swiss ophthalmologist Johann Friedrich Horner. This oculosympathetic paresis was, nevertheless, first defined by Weir Mitchell in 1864 . However, as early as 1852, physiologist Claude Bernard observed that a lesion of the cervical sympathetic nerve of the rabbit resulted in flushing and constriction of the pupil. This review will focus on the sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation of the pupil and discuss the clinical evaluation of Horner's syndrome. Pupillary constriction (miosis) and pupillary dilation (mydriasis), depend upon parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation respectively, of the muscles in the iris. The iris resembles a ring with the open center occupied by the lens. The iris attaches at its periphery to the ciliary body. Three distinct layers make up the iris. The anterior border is composed of fibroblasts, collagen, and branching melanocytes. The stroma contains a thin band of sphincter muscle encircling the pupil. The smooth muscle cells within the sphincter are segmentally arranged and innervated. The posterior layer consist of radially arranged dilator muscle and the underlying two-cell-thick pigment epithelium. Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers arise in the accessory oculomotor (Edinger-Westphal) nucleus found in the high midbrain, at the level of the superior colliculus. These axons lie superficially on the third cranial nerve, as it courses through the subarachnoid space, and enter the orbit via the superior orbital fissure to synapse in the ciliary ganglion. The postganglionic parasympathetic fibers enter the posterior portion of the globe via eight to twenty short ciliary nerves, then terminate at the pupillary sphincter and ciliary body, to mediate pupillary constriction.

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