81. Vision Disorder - Hyperopia The opposite of myopia, hyperopia appears when the eyeballis too short to establish an image on the cornea. http://www.opti-centre.com/anglais/a_hyper.html

Hyperopia The opposite of myopia , hyperopia appears when the eyeball is too short to establish an image on the cornea. As a result, there is a clearer image behind the cornea. Distant objects are clear while there is blurring close up. Contact lenses increase the ocular power, permitting clear vision of close-up objects. Here is how the spherical contact lens corrects hyperopia: The reduced shape of the eyeball produces a focused image behind the retina resulting in a blurred image of close objects. By increasing the focusing power with the help of a contact lens, we create a single focusing point on the retina where the vision is clearest. Astigmatism Myopia Hyperopia Presbyopia

82. Hyperopia Difficulties I understand that hyperopia is more difficult to correct than myopia. Why? Beforepresbyopia, the natural lens can somewhat focus around the hyperopia. http://www.usaeyes.org/faq/subjects/hyperopia.htm

You are visitor Navigation... HOME SEARCH GUIDED TOUR Services... LOCATE A CRSQA CERTIFIED SURGEON ASK THE EXPERTS SECOND OPINION PERSONAL REFERRAL Need to know... FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS 50 TOUGH QUESTIONS FOR YOUR DOCTOR SELECTED LINKS ... WHAT CRSQA CERTIFICATION MEANS Community... GUEST BOOK Research... KNOW WHAT YOU DON'T KNOW SHOULD YOU DO IT? GLOSSARY ... REPORT A BAD DOCTOR Doctors... BECOME CERTIFIED About us... LEARN ABOUT CRSQA CRASS COMMERCIALISM Contact us... CALL US GO POSTAL SEND EMAIL Language... TRANSLATE WEBPAGE I understand that hyperopia is more difficult to correct than myopia. Why? For a shift in refractive error to reduce myopia (nearsightedness), the center of the cornea needs to be flattened. For a shift in refractive power to reduce hyperopia (farsightedness), the center of the cornea needs to be steepened with a "bulge" outward. Think of the old saying, "If you can't raise the bridge, lower the water." Myopic correction raises the bridge. Hyperopic correction lowers the water. As with lowering the water, steepening the cornea is much more difficult. First, I'll describe current techniques in myopic correction: A laser removes tissue in the center of the cornea to make it flatter. That's about it.

83. Prommosite Excimer Plus What Is Hyperopia ? However, if the hyperopia is more severe, the distance vision may alsobe diminished Myopia Astigmatism Presbyopia. What is hyperopia ? http://www.promosite.fr/english/health/medicine/ophthalmology/refractivesurgery/

Promosite Home Contacts Laser Treatment ... Ophthalmologists This vision problem what is ? Myopia Astigmatism Presbyopia What is hyperopia ? An hyperopic eye is too flat and/or too short. This condition leads to the image being focused behind the retina and the vision is particularly difficult for near objects. However, if the hyperopia is more severe, the distance vision may also be diminished. Unlike myopia, to correct this problem, we must try to make the cornea more curved.

84. Grendahl hyperopia (FARSIGHTED, CAN'T SEE AT NEAR OR FAR). hyperopia is themedical term for 'farsightedness.' It occurs when an eye is too http://www.grendahl.com/hyperopic_ltk/hyperopia.html

HYPEROPIA (FARSIGHTED, CAN'T SEE AT NEAR OR FAR) Hyperopia is the medical term for 'farsightedness.' It occurs when an eye is too short for the cornea's curvature. Light rays entering the eye focus behind the retina, and as a result a blurred image is produced. Farsighted individuals, however, can use their focusing muscles to 'pull' the image forward onto the retina. In a young person with severe hyperopia, or once presbyopia sets in around age 45, distant objects are seen more clearly than near objects. Certain Eximer laser technologies, such as hyperopic PRK and hyperopic LASIK can correct this condition. When the eye is hyperopic or farsighted it is possible to place a lens in front of the eye to bring the image into clear focus on the retina. Take the Next Step Please use our convenient contact form if you would like to: Click here to go to the contact form. 3500 LaTouche, Suite 240 Anchorage, AK 99508 Email: info@grendahl.com Website Design By Alaska Internet Services Sundog Media

85. Hyperopia hyperopia. hyperopia (farsightedness) is the condition of the eye where incomingrays of light reach the retina before they converge into a focused image. http://www.healthatoz.com/healthatoz/Atoz/ency/hyperopia.html

Encyclopedia Index H Home Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Index H Hyperopia Definition Hyperopia (farsightedness) is the condition of the eye where incoming rays of light reach the retina before they converge into a focused image. Description When light goes through transparent but dense material like the materials of the eye's lens system (the lens and cornea), its velocity decreases. If the surface of the dense material is not perpendicular to the incoming light, as is the case with the curved surfaces on lenses and corneas, the direction of the light changes. The greater the curvature of the lens system, the greater the change in the direction of the light. When parallel light rays from an object go through the lens system of the eye, they are bent so they converge at a point some distance behind the lens. With perfect vision this point of convergence, where the light rays are focused, is on the retina. This happens when the cumulative curvature of the lens plus cornea and the distance from the lens to the retina are just right for each other. The condition where the point of focus of parallel light rays from an object is behind the retina is called hyperopia. This condition exists when the combined curvature of the lens and cornea is insufficient (e.g., flatter than needed for the length of the eyeball). This condition can be equivalently described by saying hyperopia exists when the eyeball is too short for the curvature of its lens system. There is a connection between the focusing of the lens of the eye (accommodation) and convergence of the eyes (the two eyes turning in to point at a close object.) The best example is during reading. The lens accommodates to make the close-up material clear and the eyes turn in to look at the print and keep it single. Because of this connection between accommodation and convergence, if the lens needs to accommodate to focus for distance (to bring the image back onto the retina) the eyes may appear to turn in even when looking at the distance. This can cause a condition known as accommodative esotropia in children. The eyes turn in and the cause is accommodation because of hyperopia.

86. Vision Problems - Hyperopia - My Clear Vision hyperopia (farsightedness). hyperopia is Asian population). hyperopiaoccurs when the eyeball is too short or the cornea is too flat. http://www.myclearvision.com/Hyperopia.html

UNDERSTANDING VISION PROBLEMS Hyperopia (farsightedness) Hyperopia is very common, affecting 27% of the Non-Asian population (hyperopia occurs at a much lower level in the Asian population). Hyperopia occurs when the eyeball is too short or the cornea is too flat. When rays of light enter a hyperopic (short) eyeball, they are focused behind the retina instead of directly on the retina where light must be directed for normal vision. Because of this, the focusing apparatus in the eye must work constantly to make up for the problem and focus images. Symptoms of hyperopia can include eyestrain, blurred vision, or headache (especially when reading or at the end of the day). Symptoms can increase over time. Young people with hyperopia (30 to 45 years) may not have any problems seeing things in the distance, but may strain their eyes unnecessarily to maintain focus on close-up objects. Middle-aged hyperopes (45 to 55 years) also may not have any problems seeing things in the distance, but may require reading glasses at an earlier age. Finally, older hyperopes (55 years and up) often cannot see things in the distance nor close up, which is why they need bifocals. Correcting Hyperopia Hyperopia requires a plus or convex corrective lens (glasses or contact lenses). Surgically, hyperopia is corrected by steepening the central cornea.

87. Hyperopia (Farsightedness) hyperopia hyperopia (Farsightedness). hyperopia or farsightedness occurs when the eye is too short for its own focal length and http://www.sola.com/eyesight/about/conditions/hyperopia.html

ABOUT YOUR EYES How Do My Eyes Work? Common Vision Conditions How Do Professionals Differ? Eye Exam Preparation Checklist ... What Can I Do About It? SPECIAL REPORT 8 Ways to Improve Night Vision Special Report Archive GLOSSARY SOLA Home ... Common Vision Conditions Hyperopia Hyperopia (Farsightedness) Hyperopia or "farsightedness" occurs when the eye is "too short" for its own focal length and focused light falls on a focal point behind the retina. People who are hyperopic need help seeing objects up close. Eyeglasses or contact lenses can easily correct this condition.

88. SOLA Optical - About Your Eyes - Hyperopia hyperopia. What is hyperopia? hyperopia or farsightedness occurs when the eyeis too short and focused light falls on a focal point behind the retina. http://www.sola.com/consumer_t/eyes/hyperopia.html

Home Consumer Index Connect to SOLA About Your Eyes Hyperopia Having an Eye Exam Ultraviolet Rays Laser Vision Correction Myopia ... Presbyopia What is Hyperopia? Hyperopia or "farsightedness" occurs when the eye is "too short" and focused light falls on a focal point behind the retina. People who are hyperopic need help seeing objects up close. What's the treatment for it? Eyeglasses or contact lenses can easily correct this condition. About Your Eyes About Your Lenses Glossary of Terms History Of Eyewear

89. Half-Wave Rectification hyperopia. An eye is hyperopic when the far point is at a virtual point behind theeye. hyperopia is often referred to as longsightedness or far-sighted . http://cns-web.bu.edu/pub/laliden/WWW/Visionary/Visionary_h.html

Half-Wave Rectification A signal which follows only the positive part of a sinusoid and has zero-response to the negative part. Many simple cells show half-wave rectification to contrast reversing patterns. (See also Full-Wave Rectification Haploscopic Stimulation Different stimuli for the two eyes. Hemineglect A condition following damage to the parietal stream of one hemisphere in which individuals are unaware of stimuli from the hemifield that projects to that hemisphere. Hermann Grid Illusion Dark blobs appear at the intersections of black rectangles except when viewed foveally. (More on Optical Illusions Hollow Face Illusion A concave hollow mask of a face viewed from a few feet gives the impression of a normal face. The cognitive interpretation overrides the stereoscopic information. Horizontal Cells Cells in the retina connected via gap junctions that mediate lateral information transfer over large distances. Horopter For a given fixation point, the set of points on the retina that are perceived to have zero retinal disparity. The points sweep out an arc in space that intersects a fixated point in space. (See also Binocular Disparity and Vieth-Muller Circle Hue The perception of color. (See also

90. Welcome To Eurotimes Permavision inlays for hyperopia and myopia. By Roibeard O'hEineachain.BARCELONA The Permavision intracorneal lens (Anamed) appears http://www.escrs.org/eurotimes/May2002/permavision.asp

May 2002 IN THIS ISSUE Permavision inlays for hyperopia and myopia LASEK, PRK and LASIK: Which is best? LASIK experts on developments in microkeratomes Third generation microkeratome technology swings pendulum in new direction ... Alcon goes public but Nestle still calls the shots FEATURES From The Editor Society Matters Miscellan-Eye Digital Opthalmologist ... Regulatory Matters Permavision inlays for hyperopia and myopia By Roibeard O'hEineachain BARCELONA - The Permavision intracorneal lens (Anamed) appears set to provide an alternative to LASIK and phakic IOLs in the treatment of hyperopia and myopia if early clinical results are borne out in long-term clinical trials now underway. Of refractive procedures now available, LASIK has the advantages of being extraocular and easy to perform but it is irreversible. Phakic IOLs, on the other hand, are a reversible procedure but require intraocular surgery. The intracorneal inlays may be considered the best of both worlds because they offer an extraocular and easy to-perform procedure and are reversible, according to Dr Jose M Lemos MD, Hospital Santo Antonio, Porto, Portugal. In a series of six patients who received the inlays, three of five eyes with + 3.5 D to + 7 D hyperopia preoperatively were within (0.5D/1.0D) of emmetropia at a follow-up of one year. There was a slight but unimportant under-correction (1.5 D) in the two remaining hyperopic eyes. In the one eye with myopia (-9.0 D), there was a significant refractive error (-3 D), reported Dr Lemos in a presentation at the 6th ESCRS Winter Refractive Surgery Meeting.

91. Welcome To Eurotimes Allegretto promising for hyperopia and hyperopic astigmatism. So far, no changeshave been necessary in the hyperopia trial, Dr Moore observed. http://www.escrs.org/eurotimes/November2002/allegretto.asp

November 2002 IN THIS ISSUE Wavefront seeks a higher order of vision correction New laser system for intraoperative measurement of LASIK flap thickness Visual prostheses use neurotransmitter retinal chips to stimulate retinal function Wavefront emerges as powerful tool for night vision ... Unilateral von-Hippel disease with optic nerve head FEATURES From The Editor Reflections on Refractive Surgery In Your Good Books An Eye On Travel ... Regulatory Matters Allegretto promising for hyperopia and hyperopic astigmatism By Cheryl Guttman PHILADELPHIA - The AllegrettoTM (WaveLight) laser appears promising for the treatment of hyperopia and hyperopic astigmatism, suggest early results from an ongoing FDA trial presented at the annual ASCRS Symposium on Cataract, IOL and Refractive Surgery. Charles R. Moore MD reported six-month data for 197 eyes treated for up to +6.0 D of hyperopia and up to 5.0 D of cylinder. The majority of eyes had between +1.0 D and +3.0 D of hyperopia and less than 1.0 D of astigmatism.

92. Hyperopia hyperopia is the medical term for farsightedness. In this condition, thefocusing power of the eye is too weak for the length of the eye. http://www.gansmart.com/medinfo/sf/hyperop.htm

HYPEROPIA is the medical term for farsightedness. In this condition, the focusing power of the eye is too weak for the length of the eye. Ideally, the cornea and lens , the two focusing structures in the eye, focus images directly on the surface of the retina . If the eye were too short, or the focusing power too weak, the image would be focused behind the retina. At the retinal surface, the image would be blurred. Thus, the vision, too, would be blurred. Corrective lenses in the form of glasses or contact lenses are used to refocus the image so that it falls directly on the retina, clearing the vision. Until age 40 or so, the eye has the ability to accommodate , or focus over varying distances. Often, this ability allows people who are farsighted to see clearly at all distances without glasses. At present, there is no approved surgery to correct farsightedness, alone. In the future, surgical correction of this condition may be possible. Richard E. Gans, M. D.

93. Hyperopia Human eyes can easily compensate for small amounts of hyperopia in youth, due tothe flexibility of the crystalline lens, but this flexibility decreases in http://www.obase.net/hyperopia.htm

94. Hyperopia What is hyperopia or Farsightness? Thus, glasses should be prescribed totake a load off the eyes. What Can I Expect with Moderate hyperopia? http://coopereyecare.com/hyperopia.htm

Hyperopia Home What is Hyperopia or Far-sightness? Hyperopia or farsighted is a condition in which the eyes must focus to see at a distance. The image falls behind the eye. The hyperopic eye can see clearly at distance or near if he/she has adequate focusing ability. The focusing ability decreases from age 20 to 60. Thus, a patient with hyperopia will first need reading glasses and eventually bifocals or progressive glasses If I See All Right Why Do I Need Glasses? The guy upstairs realized that when ever we look at near the eyes must do two things; focus (accommodate to make the object clear) and converge (align or aim our eyes at the target we are looking at). Therefore, he linked the systems together. Accommodation automatically results in convergence. This normally works correctly. At distance no focusing nor convergence is used, but at near both accommodation and convergence are used. Mild amounts of hyperopia are easily overcome by the focusing mechanism of the eye. However, if the amount of hyperopia is significant two things will happen; first the eyes will use excessive effort to keep the images clear at distance and the excessive accommodation will cause the eyes to over-converge. This over-convergence may result in muscle fatigue or double vision Thus, hyperopia does not always cause blurred vision it may cause eye strain or an eye turn. Up close the condition is even more significant. Hyperopia is correlated with ocular fatigue and learning disorders. Thus, glasses should be prescribed to take a load off the eyes.

95. Eye Care FARSIGHTEDNESS, Hyperopic Eye. hyperopia or farsightedness is an error of refractionwherein parallel rays of light come to a focus behind the retina. http://www.eyecareindia.com/subcontents.asp?subcontentid=3§ionid=2

96. Press Release - (September 30, 2002) Hyperopia Clinical Module announced today that it has submitted its hyperopia PMA Clinical Module to theFDA for review and approval for hyperopia, hyperopic astigmatism and mixed http://www.nidek.com/2002930.html

Select in Press Releases of 2002 (Sept. 30) Hyperopia Clinical Module Submitted To FDA for Review and Approval (Dec. 20) Nidek Wins Patent Case Against Alcon/Summit (Oct. 2) Nidek-Alcon Litigation (Sept. 25) Nidek to Seek Review of Decision in Summit Technologies Case (Sept. 25) Nidek is Recognized as Worldwide Leader in New Patents Filed (May 31) Nidek Granted U.S. Patent for Laser Eye Tracker Mechanism (May 31) Nidek Files for FDA Approval of Eye Tracker for Excimer Laser (May 31) Nidek Introduces New Hand-held Fundus Camera (May 31) Ultrasonic Biometry Instrument Receives FDA Clearance (Apr. 22) FDA Grants Clearance to New Digital Non-Mydriatic Fundus Camera (Feb. 20) FDA Approves Nidek Laser to Treat Retinal Diseases and Glaucoma (Feb. 19) Dermatology Laser Receives Supplemental FDA Clearance (Jan. 18) Nidek Granted U.S. Patent for Cross-Cylinder Ablation Press Releases of 2001 Press Releases of 2000 Press Releases of 1999 Press Releases of 1998 Press Releases of 1997 Hyperopia Clinical Module Submitted To FDA for Review and Approval -Fremont, California, September 30, 2002-

97. Lasik For Hyperopia hyperopia – farsightedness; only objects far away are clear. In the normaleye, light bends through the cornea and lens to focus on the retina. http://www.shugar.com/hyperopia.htm

Hyperopia – farsightedness; only objects far away are clear. In the normal eye, light bends through the cornea and lens to focus on the retina. With hyperopia (farsightedness) the eye is shorter (or cornea is flatter) causing the focal point of light to be behind the retina. The image is therefore out of focus on the retina and vision is blurred. 1. A thin flap of cornea is created and folded back. 2. Laser is applied to reshape (ablate) the cornea. 3. The corneal flap is replaced over the treated cornea. 4. The "steeper" cornea now bends light to become focused on the retina. The procedure is done using eye drop anesthesia, and while you may feel pressure, the technique is not painful. After LASIK treatment, the "steeper" cornea causes light to bend in such a way as to become focused on the retina. Vision is clear. Additional LASIK Procedures Myopia Astigmatism Presbyopia For Further Information Contact: Mary Ann maryannp@perry.gulfnet.com Graphics Design: Designs by Dianna 555 North Byron Butler Parkway Perry, Florida 32347 Email: Nature Coast

98. Refractive Error - Hyperopia hyperopia longsightedness. Long-sighted vision (hyperopia) A long-sighted,or hyper-metropic eye is shorter than normal. Light http://iris.medoph.unimelb.edu.au/new/eyecare/hyperopia.html

Hyperopia - longsightedness Long-sighted vision (Hyperopia): A long-sighted, or hyper-metropic eye is shorter than normal. Light rays focus behind the retina, and close objects look blurred. Hyperopic people cannot see distant objects any clearer than people with normal vision.. Indeed, a perfect state of focusing on the retina is unusual, with most people actually being a little hyperopic. A little hyperopia is not a problem because the lens of the eye easily adjusts through altering the focus. However, the greater the hyperopia the harder it is to focus. Close vision may become blurry because the closer the object the more focussing is required. People with hyperopia may suffer from headaches or tired eyes after a lot of close work - even if their vision remains clear. This is often evident in adolescents as the amount of schoolwork, reading and homework increases. Whether or not glasses are required depends on the symptoms that the person experiences. Younger people with slight hyperopia generally have few problems or may be prescribed glasses for reading or for using the computer. People with more severe hyperopia, or older people in which focussing is more difficult, usually need glasses for close work - and occasionally distance vision as well.

99. LASIK For Surgically Induced Hyperopia, With Or Without Astigmatism Clinical trials for the correction of hyperopia (farsightedness) with and withoutastigmatism LASIK for patients that have been made farsighted by other http://www.nylasik.com/html/consecutive.html

www.nylasik.com Vista Alliance Eye Care Associates The New York LASIK doctors Clinical trials for the correction of hyperopia (farsightedness) with and without astigmatism LASIK for patients that have been made farsighted by other refractive or eye surgery are underway at the New York Eye and Ear Infirmary's Vision Correction Center. We are currently recruiting additional patients for these studies. If you think that you fit the criteria below and are interested in participating in one of these studies, please contact us at the number below: Age 18 years or older Best corrected vision at least 20/25 in each eye Prior eye surgery No ophthalmic disease +0.50 to +6.00 diopters sphere with or without astigmatism Able to return for follow-up a number of times for the first year post-op We are using the Visx Star S2 SmoothScan Excimer laser version 3.1 software with hyperopia module along with the Moria LSK one microkeratome. This is part of a nationwide study sponsored by the CRS (Corrective Refractive Surgery) Clinical Research group return to Vista homepage If you don't want to be dependent on glasses or contact lenses call Vista Alliance Eye Care Associates, The New York LASIK doctors toll free at:

100. About Your Eyes: Hyperopia What is hyperopia? hyperopia or farsightedness occurs when the eye is tooshort and focused light falls on a focal point behind the retina. http://www.sola.com.au/consumer/hyperopia.htm

What is hyperopia? Hyperopia or "farsightedness" occurs when the eye is "too short" and focused light falls on a focal point behind the retina. People who are hyperopic need help seeing objects up close. What's the treatment for it? Eyeglasses or contact lenses can easily correct this condition.

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