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         Hypoparathyroidism:     more detail
  1. Hypoparathyroidism: Webster's Timeline History, 1941 - 2007 by Icon Group International, 2009-02-20
  2. Parathyroid Disorders: Hyperparathyroidism, Parathyroid gland, Hypoparathyroidism, Parathyroid disease, Secondary hyperparathyroidism
  3. Celiac disease occurring in a patient with hypoparathyroidism and autoimmune thyroid disease.(Case Report): An article from: Southern Medical Journal by Hasnain M. Khandwala, Rajni Chibbar, et all 2006-03-01
  4. 21st Century Complete Medical Guide to Parathyroid Disorders, Hyperparathyroidism, Hypoparathyroidism, Authoritative Government Documents, Clinical References, ... for Patients and Physicians (CD-ROM) by PM Medical Health News, 2004-06
  5. Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine: Hypoparathyroidism by Jeffrey P. Larson RPT, 2002-01-01
  6. The Psychiatric Aspects of Hypoparathyroidism. ACTA Psychiatrica Scandinavica Supplementum 164, Volume 38
  7. Hypoparathyroidism: An entry from Gale's <i>Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine, 3rd ed.</i> by Jeffrey, RPT Larson, 2006
  8. Maori art and pseudo-hypoparathyroidism: A medical contribution to prehistoric anthropology by Anneliese A Pontius, 1973
  9. The psychiatric aspects of hypoparathyroidism, (Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica.Supplementum 164) by Joanne D Denko, 1962

41. Endocrinology - Hypoparathyroidism
hypoparathyroidism What is hypoparathyroidism? What are symptoms of hypoparathyroidism?The following are the most common symptoms of hypoparathyroidism.
http://www.sw.org/clinical_content/adult/endocrin/hypopar.htm
Hypoparathyroidism What is hypoparathyroidism?
Hypoparathyroidism is caused by underactive parathyroid glands. Underactive parathyroid glands produce too little parathyroid hormones, which in turn causes low levels of calcium in the blood stream.
The low levels of calcium lead to tetany, an increased excitability of the nerves.
Causes of parathyroidism include accidental removal of a parathyroid gland when the thyroid is removed, or when part of the parathyroid tissue is removed. Other causes include absent parathyroid glands from birth or the sudden stop of functioning due to unknown reasons.
What are symptoms of hypoparathyroidism?
The following are the most common symptoms of hypoparathyroidism. However, each individual may experience symptoms differently. Symptoms may include:
  • uncontrollable, painful spasms of the face, hands, arms, and feet seizures
The symptoms of hypoparathyroidism may resemble other conditions or medical problems. Always consult your physician for a diagnosis. How is hypoparathyroidism diagnosed?

42. Hypoparathyroidism
hypoparathyroidism. Definition hypoparathyroidism hypoparathyroidismaffects both males and females of all ages. Causes symptoms. The
http://www.chclibrary.org/micromed/00052310.html

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Definition Description Causes ... Resources
Hypoparathyroidism
Definition
Hypoparathyroidism is the result of a decrease in production of parathyroid hormones by the parathyroid glands located behind the thyroid glands in the neck. The result is a low level of calcium in the blood. Description
Parathyroid glands consist of four pea-shaped glands located on the back and side of the thyroid gland. The gland produces parathyroid hormone which, along with vitamin D and calcitonin, are important for the regulation of the calcium level in the body. Hypoparathyroidism affects both males and females of all ages.
The accidental removal of the parathyroid glands during neck surgery is the most frequent cause of hypoparathyroidism. Complications of surgery on the parathyroid glands is another common cause of this disorder. There is the possibility of autoimmune genetic disorders causing hypoparathyroidism such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis pernicious anemia , and Addison's disease. The destruction of the gland by radiation is a rare cause of hypoparathyroidism. Occasionally, the parathyroids are absent at birth causing low calcium levels and possible convulsions in the newborn. Symptoms in the advanced and continuous stages of hypoparathyroidism include splitting of the nails, inadequate tooth development and mental retardation in children, and seizures.

43. Hypoparathyroidism
hypoparathyroidism hypoparathyroidism, Calcium, phosphate, albumin, parathyroidhormone . If indicated ionised calcium. Idiopathic, Parathyroid antibodies .
http://www.rcpa.edu.au/pathman/hypopara.htm
Hypoparathyroidism
Hypoparathyroidism
Calcium, phosphate, albumin, parathyroid hormone . If indicated - ionised calcium. Idiopathic Parathyroid antibodies Polyglandular autoimmune syndrome Postsurgical Parathyroidectomy Thyroidectomy Hypomagnesaemia Di George syndrome T lymphocyte count, chest radiology. Pseudohypoparathyroidism (types Ia, Ib, II) Cyclic AMP - urine (pre- and post-PTH administration).

44. HealthlinkUSA Hypoparathyroidism Links
medical and health related topics. FindWhat. Click here for page 1 ofhypoparathyroidism information from the HealthlinkUSA directory.
http://www.healthlinkusa.com/442ent.htm

45. Hypoparathyroidism; Treatment, Prevention, Cure
hypoparathyroidismSearch information from many of the best hypoparathyroidismhealth sites. hypoparathyroidism. Calcium and Parathyroid Glands.
http://www.healthlinkusa.com/content/442.html
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46. ENLmedical.com: Conditions And Concerns: Medical Encyclopedia: Hypoparathyroidis
Table of content. hypoparathyroidism. Call Your Healthcare Provider Callyour health care provider if symptoms of hypoparathyroidism develop.
http://www.enlmedical.com/article/000385.htm

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Hypoparathyroidism
Causes and Risks:
The parathyroid glands are located at the front and base of the neck around the thyroid gland. The glands produce parathyroid hormone , which regulates calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium balance within the blood and normal bone mineralization.
Without sufficient amounts of parathyroid hormone, the calcium level in the blood falls and produces symptoms and problems. Hypoparathyroidism may be caused by a genetic disorder; congenital absence of the parathyroid glands; accidental removal or injury of the parathyroid glands during surgery to remove the thyroid gland or other neck surgery; massive radiation to the thyroid gland; or magnesium deficiency.
Risk factors are recent thyroid or neck surgery, family history of parathyroid disorder, or history of certain autoimmune endocrine diseases such as Addison's disease . The incidence is 4 out of 100,000 people.
Prevention:
Close observation after thyroid or neck surgery may alert to early signs of hypoparathyroidism so that treatment can be initiated.

47. HYPOPARATHYROIDISM
hypoparathyroidism A term which describes the abnormally low productionof parathyroid hormone by the parathyroid glands. hypoparathyroidism
http://www.medhelp.org/glossary2/new/GLS_2585.HTM
HYPOPARATHYROIDISM - A term which describes the abnormally low production of parathyroid hormone by the parathyroid glands Hypoparathyroidism may be congenital or occur in association with another disorder ( autoimmune disease hemochromatosis Common symptoms are those of low blood calcium: muscle spasms , tetany, facial grimacing, laryngeal spasm, and seizures
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48. Hypoparathyroidism Articles, Support Groups, And Resources
hypoparathyroidism articles, support groups, and resources for patientsfrom Med Help International (www.medhelp.org). hypoparathyroidism.
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49. Diabetes & Other Endocrine And Metabolic Disorders - Hypoparathyroidism
hypoparathyroidism. What is hypoparathyroidism? hypoparathyroidism is causedby underactive parathyroid glands. What causes hypoparathyroidism?
http://www.chkd.org/Diabetes/hptsm_dw.asp
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For a doctor who specializes in this topic, click here. Hypoparathyroidism What is hypoparathyroidism?
Hypoparathyroidism is caused by underactive parathyroid glands. Underactive parathyroid glands produce too little parathyroid hormones, which, in turn, causes low levels of calcium in the blood stream. The low levels of calcium lead to tetany, an increased excitability of the nerves. What causes hypoparathyroidism?

50. Hypoparathyroidism
hypoparathyroidism,, Print this article, An idiopathic hypoparathyroidismin which the parathyroid glands are absent or atrophied can also occur.
http://www.amershamhealth.com/medcyclopaedia/Volume III 1/HYPOPARATHYROIDISM.asp
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*For Medical Professionals only, registration required Hypoparathyroidism, an endocrine disease involving deficiency of parathyroid hormone or end-organ resistance to the action of the hormone. It is characterized by hypocalcaemia and its neuromuscular symptoms and signs. Deficient levels of parathyroid hormone most commonly result from excision or trauma to the parathyroid glands during thyroid surgery. An idiopathic hypoparathyroidism in which the parathyroid glands are absent or atrophied can also occur. End-organ unresponsiveness to parathyroid hormone is seen in pseudohypoparathyroidism and pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism . Rare forms of hypoparathyroidism caused by irradiation to the gland and as a response of an infant to hyperparathyroidism in the mother may also occur. General radiographic abnormalities of hypoparathyroidism include osteoporosis, calvarial thickening, hypoplastic dentition, subcutaneous calcification, basal ganglion calcification, premature fusion of physes and spinal ossification. Increased radiodensity of the skeleton, including peculiar bandlike areas in the metaphyses of long bones, also may be present. Rarely distinctive abnormalities of the spine resembling those of

51. Hypoparathyroidism
only. hypoparathyroidism,, Print this article, candidiasis. The clinicalsigns and symptoms of hypoparathyroidism are due to hypocalcaemia.
http://www.amershamhealth.com/medcyclopaedia/Volume VII/HYPOPARATHYROIDISM.asp
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*For Medical Professionals only, registration required Hypoparathyroidism, underproduction of parathormone which results in hypocalcaemia. The condition is commoner than hypersecretion of parathormone but less common than pseudohypoparathyroidism . Presentation may be in the neonatal period and the condition may be transient, permanent or part of the Di George syndrome (see absent thymus ). Postnatal onset may be idiopathic or secondary to neck surgery, irradiation, haemosiderosis or hypomagnesaemia. A familial form may be associated with autoimmune disease affecting other endocrine glands (especially Addisons disease ) and mucocutaneous candidiasis. The clinical signs and symptoms of hypoparathyroidism are due to hypocalcaemia. Manifestations depend on age, severity and speed of onset and relate to the neuromuscular system (tetany), brain (convulsions, basal ganglia calcification, mental retardation), heart (prolonged Q-T interval), eyes (cataract) and skin (dry, coarse, hair). The bones are normal in contrast to pseudo- and pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism
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52. Hypoparathyroidism
hypoparathyroidism. Definition. hypoparathyroidism hypoparathyroidismaffects both males and females of all ages. Causes and symptoms. The
http://www.healthatoz.com/healthatoz/Atoz/ency/hypoparathyroidism.html
Encyclopedia Index H Home Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Index H Hypoparathyroidism
Definition
Hypoparathyroidism is the result of a decrease in production of parathyroid hormones by the parathyroid glands located behind the thyroid glands in the neck. The result is a low level of calcium in the blood. Description Parathyroid glands consist of four pea-shaped glands located on the back and side of the thyroid gland. The gland produces parathyroid hormone which, along with vitamin D and calcitonin, are important for the regulation of the calcium level in the body. Hypoparathyroidism affects both males and females of all ages. Causes and symptoms The accidental removal of the parathyroid glands during neck surgery is the most frequent cause of hypoparathyroidism. Complications of surgery on the parathyroid glands is another common cause of this disorder. There is the possibility of autoimmune genetic disorders causing hypoparathyroidism such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis pernicious anemia , and Addison's disease . The destruction of the gland by radiation is a rare cause of hypoparathyroidism. Occasionally, the parathyroids are absent at birth causing low calcium levels and possible convulsions in the newborn. Symptoms in the advanced and continuous stages of hypoparathyroidism include splitting of the nails, inadequate tooth development and

53. Hypoparathyroidism Information Page Diseases Database
hypoparathyroidism Information Page. hypoparathyroidism related topics NoUMLS definitions. Gohypoparathyroidism specific sites. GoSend
http://www.diseasesdatabase.com/sieve/item1.asp?glngUserChoice=6490

54. Hypoparathyroidism, Autoimmune Information Page Diseases Database
hypoparathyroidism, autoimmune Information Page. hypoparathyroidism,autoimmune related topics and differentials, may cause or features
http://www.diseasesdatabase.com/sieve/item1.asp?glngUserChoice=6501

55. HYPOPARATHYROIDISM (AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT)
Features Listed For hypoparathyroidism (AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT). McKusick 146200. Hypocalcaemia;Intracranial calcification; Parathyroid, absent/hypoparathyroidism;
http://www.hgmp.mrc.ac.uk/dhmhd-bin/hum-look-up?835

56. BILOUS (1992) - HYPOPARATHYROIDISM; DEAFNESS; RENAL DYSPLASIA
Features Listed For BILOUS (1992) hypoparathyroidism; DEAFNESS; RENALDYSPLASIA. McKusick 146255. Deafness, sensorineural; Diabetes
http://www.hgmp.mrc.ac.uk/dhmhd-bin/hum-look-up?2418

57. What Is Hypoparathyroidism?
Welcome Topics My doctor recommends thyroid surgery for my nodule Whatis hypoparathyroidism? What is hypoparathyroidism? hypoparathyroidism
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What is hypoparathyroidism? Hypoparathyroidism is a condition that develops when the parathyroid glands are unable to produce enough of a specific hormone that is needed to maintain the balance of calcium in the body.
The parathyroid glands are four tiny pea-shaped glands located in the neck. Two of these glands are situated on each side of the neck, lying just underneath each lobe of the thyroid gland. In the normal state, the parathyroid glands produce a hormone called parathyroid hormone, or PTH for short. This PTH helps to regulate the balance of calcium in the body by acting on the bones and kidneys to maintain the calcium in the bloodstream at a fairly consistent level.
During thyroid surgery, extreme care must be taken by the surgeon to avoid accidentally removing or damaging the parathyroid glands. This can be difficult, as they are very small and share a common blood supply with areas of the thyroid gland that may need to be removed.

58. Hypoparathyroidism
hypoparathyroidism Short description of hypo- and hyper- parathyroidism. hypoparathyroidism- Symptoms, diagnosis, prevention, treatment, prognosis.
http://www.foundhealth.com/Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/H/Hypoparathyroidism/
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59. Genesis Health System - Detailed Disease Info - Hypoparathyroidism
hypoparathyroidism. Definition. hypoparathyroidism hypoparathyroidismaffects both males and females of all ages. Causes symptoms. The
http://www.genesishealth.com/micromedex/detaileddisease/00052310.aspx
Facility Information DeWitt Comm Hosp Genesis Medical Ctr Illini Hospital Genesis Health Grp VNA
Hypoparathyroidism
Definition
Hypoparathyroidism is the result of a decrease in production of parathyroid hormones by the parathyroid glands located behind the thyroid glands in the neck. The result is a low level of calcium in the blood.
Description
Parathyroid glands consist of four pea-shaped glands located on the back and side of the thyroid gland. The gland produces parathyroid hormone which, along with vitamin D and calcitonin, are important for the regulation of the calcium level in the body. Hypoparathyroidism affects both males and females of all ages.
The accidental removal of the parathyroid glands during neck surgery is the most frequent cause of hypoparathyroidism. Complications of surgery on the parathyroid glands is another common cause of this disorder. There is the possibility of autoimmune genetic disorders causing hypoparathyroidism such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis pernicious anemia , and Addison's disease. The destruction of the gland by radiation is a rare cause of hypoparathyroidism. Occasionally, the parathyroids are absent at birth causing low calcium levels and possible convulsions in the newborn. Symptoms in the advanced and continuous stages of hypoparathyroidism include splitting of the nails, inadequate tooth development and

60. Health Library Find Information On Hypoparathyroidism At
Find information on hypoparathyroidism at MerckSource. Learn more about hypoparathyroidism hypoparathyroidism.Definition a deficiency of parathyroid
http://www.mercksource.com/pp/us/cns/cns_hl_adam.jspzQzpgzEzzSzppdocszSzuszSzcns

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