1. Digital Urology Journal: Hypospadias A look at this disorder which occurs in about 1 out of 350 male births and what can be done about it. http://www.duj.com/hypospadias.html

HYPOSPADIAS Hypospadias is a relatively common birth defect that occurs in approximately one out of every 350 male births. It is characterized by an abnormal positioning of the meatus, the opening from which urine passes. The degree of hypospadias depends on the location of the penis opening. The defect may occur anywhere along the underside of the penis down to the scrotum. Chordee - a downward curve of the penis, especially when erect - is usually, but not always, associated with hypospadias. Boys with chordee often must sit to void. The deformity is usually mild, but severe curvature from chordee can make intercourse impossible. Males with hypospadias usually have normal testes and can father children. The cause of hypospadias is not known. The condition results from abnormal development of the urethra in the embryo and not from anything the parents did or did not do during pregnancy. Hypospadias will occasionally occur in more than one male in a family. Hypospadias can be corrected surgically. Depending on the severity, the correction can be completed in one or more operations. The best age at which to have corrective surgery depends on the size of the penis and degree of the defect. Repair is usually advised at an early age, unless the patient is not referred until he is older. Health professionals generally recommend repairing genital defects early, so patients can avoid embarrassment that can be associated with the condition. Corrective surgery usually results in a penis that looks normal and functions normally. Surgery can straighten the shaft, position the meatus at the tip of the penis, and remove the hooded foreskin. Patients are able to stand to void, and sexual activity and fertility are satisfactory. The child's hospital stay may range from a few hours in a day surgery unit to a few days or a week on an inpatient unit.

2. Hypospadias Association Of America A community of men who have this disorder, parents of children with this disorder, health professional Category Health Men s Health Conditions and Diseases hypospadias......Artwork mgdwalker x Site Design - vortex. http://www.hypospadias.net/

Artwork - mgdwalker x Site Design - vortex

3. Intersex Society Of North America hypospadias Parent's Guide to Surgery What is hypospadias? hypospadias refers to a urethral meatus ("peehole") which is located along the underside, rather than at the tip of the penis. http://www.isna.org/hypospadias.html

Subscribe to ISNA E-News What's New? Search ISNA Site Contact Info Board of Directors ... ... and more... Intersex Society of North America info@isna.org Hypospadias: Parent's Guide to Surgery What is hypospadias? Hypospadias refers to a urethral meatus ("pee-hole") which is located along the underside, rather than at the tip of the penis. In minor, or distal hypospadias, the meatus may be located on the underside of the penis, in the glans. In more pronounced hypospadias, the urethra may be open from mid-shaft out to the glans, or the urethra may even be entirely absent, with the urine exiting the bladder behind the penis. distal hypospadias penoscrotal hypospadias How will hypospadias affect my child? Hypospadias is essentially a cosmetic difference. A person with hypospadias may have to urinate sitting, rather than standing. He may also be prone to urinary tract infections. More important is the emotional impact of having a penis that "looks different." This is why your doctor may advocate surgery for your child's hypospadias. Our discussions with men who have had hypospadias surgery lead us to believe that the physical damage and emotional trauma of genital surgery are frequently far worse than the hypospadias itself. Hypospadias does not in itself cause infertility. Infertility may be present in the more extreme forms of hypospadias, where the testes are irregular and cannot produce viable sperm. Hypospadias surgery cannot make an infertile male fertile.

4. What Is Hypospadias Answers questions as to what it is, why it should be treated, how it can be treated and the possible complications of repair. http://www.uro.com/hypospad.htm

Hypospadias What is a hypospadias? Why should hypospadias be treated? How is hypospadias treated? What are the possible complications of hypospadias repair? What is a hypospadias? Hypospadias is a birth defect found in boys in which the urinary tract opening is not located properly at the tip of the penis, this occurs in about 1 in 100 male births. When a boy is born with hypospadias, there is a 20% chance of finding hypospadias in another family member, such as a father or a brother. There are varying degrees of severity of hypospadias and several different surgical procedures to correct it, depending upon the type. "Chordee", a bending of the penis on erection, sometimes occurs with hypospadias. In this case, hypospadias repair and chordee repairs are performed at the same time. Hypospadias surgery will be performed to extend the urinary tube (urethra) to the end of the penis, while the chordee repair will straighten out the penis. Why should hypospadias be treated?

5. Index useful information and advice site on the net for people with hypospadias and parents looking for advice and information. http://www.hypospadiashelp.fsnet.co.uk/

Welcome to what I intend to become a useful information and advice site on the net for people with Hypospadias and parents looking for advice and information. I can be contacted at paulrichis@hotmail.com Contents s="na";c="na";j="na";f=""+escape(document.referrer) Site Created October 2000

6. PedsUroLogic - Hypospadias An article by Richard M. Parker, MD as to what this is, the causes and the surgical correction of Category Health Men s Health Conditions and Diseases hypospadias......hypospadias. (Penile Urethral Anomalies in the Male Child). by. RichardM. Parker, MD. If your child has hypospadias he has a http://www.pedsurologic.com/Parker/Pamphlets/Hypospadias/Hypospadias.html

Hypospadias (Penile Urethral Anomalies in the Male Child) by Richard M. Parker, M.D. If your child has hypospadias... he has a common genital defect in his penis which can be corrected with surgery. In hypospadias, the urethral opening for urination is mislocated on the underside of the shaft, rather than at the top of the penis. There may also be a bend in the penis visible during erection. Since these two defects may make urination and sexual intercourse difficult later in life, surgery is usually prescribed. The cause of hypospadias... is not yet known, but it results from lack of complete development of the urethra. The condition occurs once in approximately 350 male births , and occasionally may appear in more than one male in a family. Surgical correction of hypospadias... is a technically demanding operation which should be performed by someone experienced in genital reconstruction. Surgery is best performed at an early age (8-12 months) prior to the development of long term memory in the child. While surgery is better early in your child's life from a psychological point of view, it can also be performed at a later age when necessary. Most repairs are achieved in a single operation which may last from two to four hours. Your child will usually be able to leave the hospital on the same day as the surgery. He may need to keep a small plastic tube in the urethra while healing occurs.

7. Untitled Document An information site for parents and people with this disorder, dealing with the surgery involved, Category Health Men s Health Conditions and Diseases hypospadias......Aims of the site What are hypospadias? The Treatments Problems withsurgery. Other Problems Glossary. Links Updated FAQs NEW. Published http://www.hypospadiashelp.fsnet.co.uk/Hypospadias contents.html

Aims of the site What are Hypospadias? The Treatments Problems with surgery ... Links Updated FAQs NEW Published articles/studies NEW Personal Stories Updated Advice for Parents NEW

8. Cryptorchidism And Hypospadias In Sons Of Gardeners And Farmers A study of the occurrence of cryptorchidism and hypospadias, pointing to the use of gardening chemicals as a potential cause. http://ehpnet1.niehs.nih.gov/docs/1998/106p793-796slothweidner/abstract.html

Environmental Health Perspectives Volume 106, Number 12, December 1998 Citation in PubMed Related Articles Cryptorchidism and Hypospadias in Sons of Gardeners and Farmers Ida Sloth Weidner, Tina Kold Jensen, Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark Centre for Research in Health and Social Statistics, The Danish National Research Foundation, Copenhagen, Denmark Abstract Key words : case-control studies, cryptorchidism, hypospadias, pesticides. Environ Health Perspect 106:793-796 (1998). [Online 12 November 1998] http://ehpnet1.niehs.nih.gov/docs/1998/106p793-796slothweidner/abstract.html We thank Lisbeth B. Knudsen, Statistics Denmark, for her help and advice on the project. Received 24 March 1998; accepted 22 July 1998 Table of Contents Full Article Citation in PubMed Related Articles Last Update: November 11, 1998

9. Hypospadias Article by physicians Terru W. Hensle, M.D., Steven Y. Tennenbaum, M.D. and Elizabeth A. Reiley, M.D. of the Babies Childrens Hospital detailing information that every parent should know about this condition. http://cpmcnet.columbia.edu/dept/urology/pediatric/hypospadias.html

Hypospadias What Every Parent Should Know TERRY W. HENSLE, M.D. STEVEN Y. TENNENBAUM, M.D. ELIZABETH A. REILEY, M.D. Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center New York, NY 10032 (212) 305-4421 fax CONTENTS WHAT IS IT? WHEN DOES IT HAPPEN? HOW DOES IT HAPPEN? HOW IS THE DIAGNOSIS MADE? ... WHAT ARE THE RESULTS? WHAT IS IT? Hypospadias is one of the more common birth abnormalities of the genitalia among male infants. It’s not a condition that people talk about very much, so most families are unaware of its existence. The term "hypospadias" comes from Greek (hypo, under and spadias, rent) and refers only to the location of the opening through which the child urinates. In a normal penis, the urine tube (urethra) travels through the shaft of the penis to an opening (meatus) located in the center of the head of the penis (glans). The foreskin is the loose skin that surrounds the head of the penis and is the part that is removed during circumcision. In boys with hypospadias, the urine tube is short and does not come out to the end of the penis. The opening could be located anywhere along the underside of the shaft of the penis or even in the scrotum. Fortunately, almost 90 percent of hypospadias cases are minor with the urethral opening on or just below the head of the penis. The remaining are more severe, producing some degree of functional difficulty with both voiding and sexual activity. WHEN DOES IT HAPPEN?

10. Hypospadias For men with this condition, who may be considering urological surgery or want more information. Contains Category Health Conditions and Diseases Congenital Anomalies......hypospadias. The whole Circ list site is well worth a look. The official website abouthypospadias and Epispadias. hypospadias Epispadias Association Web Site. http://www.hypospadias.org/

Hypospadias Do you have a hypospadic penis, a bent penis, an abnormal penis, or a penis that you think is different to everyone else's? Does your urethra (pee hole) emerge on the top or bottom of your penis? Is your foreskin short, incomplete or hooded over your glans? Does the shaft of your penis twist along its length? Or does the glans (knob) of your penis bend downwards ? Then you may have hypospadias. Epispadias is another aspect of penis development, where the opening of the urethra is on the top of the penis shaft and the bladder may be outside the body when a baby is born. Hypospadias and epispadias have some features in common, and the support groups work together, since many of the issues are the same for guys with either problem. But there is a website devoted more specifically to epispadias: You can read all about hypospadias at the following link: The best male sexual resource on the Internet You can see a large number of photos of hypospadias here: Images of Size (but you can also see some examples at the bottom of this page) The photos include both small and large penises, with all the characteristics of hypospadias (twisted penile shaft, hooded foreskin, chordee, extended urethral opening on glans and/or shaft, and so on), at the following link:

11. Hypospadias Why it happens, what it is, what to do; see photos of hypospadias and contact others with it. Discusses androgen insensitivity, testicular feminization syndrome, development, and even ISNA. http://www.the-penis.com/hypospadias.html

The-penis.com Hypospadias Hypospadias: what it is and what can cause it. Support groups. The abnormal penis. Living with hypospadias - personal stories. Home Penis size Male sexuality, arousal and orgasm Masturbation ... Condom cover [ Hypospadias ] Peyronies Gay and bi men Viagra on-line Hypospadias ? Teenager with hypospadias or epispadias? Try this support group A twist of fate - your penis isn't like most of the others I strongly recommend anyone with this problem to look at and join the relevant support groups (see links below) - you will learn you are not alone! Hypospadias, which is an accident of birth, is a condition where the opening of the penis is found somewhere back along the shaft, anywhere from tip to base, and it is often accompanied by other differences such as penile twisting, a "hooked" appearance because the glans bends down, and a hooded, incomplete foreskin. There is little information about it on the net, and I hope that this page will be useful to those who have this challenge. Hypospadias may not be that well known, but for the men who experience it, the consequences can be devastating, because it strikes at the root of "normality" - and, as I suggested on the Size page, for most men, being up there with the rest of mankind is a crucial issue. The text below is written by a man with personal experience of hypospadias.

12. Hypospadias Survey Results hypospadias Survey Results. Section 1 Demographics As shown in the figure below,the control group is significantly younger than the hypospadias group. http://www.hypospadias.net/Survey/page1.html

Hypospadias Survey Results Section 1: Demographics  Section 2: Surgery Section 3: Satisfaction Section 4: Sexuality AGE: Demographic and sexual information was obtained from 119 men with hypospadias and 791 men from the general internet population (control group) using an internet survey. Although the control group survey was not targeted toward men with hypospadias, approximately 1% of the control group have hypospadias. However, this percentage should not alter overall results.  As shown in the figure below, the control group is significantly younger than the hypospadias group. The approximate average age of the hypospadias group is 39 whereas the average age of the control group is 30. This difference is not expected to have an effect on all the comparisons between the two groups, but may affect some CONDITION AT BIRTH: Men with hypospadias (n=118) indicated the location of their urethral opening at birth . As shown in the graph below, 37% of men had an opening between scrotum and mid-shaft. RELATIVES: Men with hypospadias (n=110) indicated whether they are aware of any relatives with hypospadias. Although the vast majority either do not have or are not aware of relatives with hypospadias, a surprising 18% of respondents have a close relative with hypospadias. Using the new CDC incidence rate of 80/10,000, one would predict that only 5-6% of men in the general population have an immediate relative with hypospadias. Therefore, it does seem that guys with hypospadias have immediate family members with hypospadias at a rate

13. Hypospadias For men with this condition, who may be considering urological surgery or want more information. Contains personal accounts of living with hypospadias and links to support groups and other relevant sites. http://www.hypospadias.org/index.html

Hypospadias Do you have a hypospadic penis, a bent penis, an abnormal penis, or a penis that you think is different to everyone else's? Does your urethra (pee hole) emerge on the top or bottom of your penis? Is your foreskin short, incomplete or hooded over your glans? Does the shaft of your penis twist along its length? Or does the glans (knob) of your penis bend downwards ? Then you may have hypospadias. Epispadias is another aspect of penis development, where the opening of the urethra is on the top of the penis shaft and the bladder may be outside the body when a baby is born. Hypospadias and epispadias have some features in common, and the support groups work together, since many of the issues are the same for guys with either problem. But there is a website devoted more specifically to epispadias: You can read all about hypospadias at the following link: The best male sexual resource on the Internet You can see a large number of photos of hypospadias here: Images of Size (but you can also see some examples at the bottom of this page) The photos include both small and large penises, with all the characteristics of hypospadias (twisted penile shaft, hooded foreskin, chordee, extended urethral opening on glans and/or shaft, and so on), at the following link:

14. Intersex Society Of North America hypospadias Parent's Guide to Surgery. What is hypospadias? distal hypospadias.penoscrotal hypospadias. How will hypospadias affect my child? http://www.isna.org/library/hypospadias-guide.html

Subscribe to ISNA E-News What's New? Search ISNA Site Contact Info Board of Directors ... ... and more... Intersex Society of North America info@isna.org Hypospadias: Parent's Guide to Surgery What is hypospadias? Hypospadias refers to a urethral meatus ("pee-hole") which is located along the underside, rather than at the tip of the penis. In minor, or distal hypospadias, the meatus may be located on the underside of the penis, in the glans. In more pronounced hypospadias, the urethra may be open from mid-shaft out to the glans, or the urethra may even be entirely absent, with the urine exiting the bladder behind the penis. distal hypospadias penoscrotal hypospadias How will hypospadias affect my child? Hypospadias is essentially a cosmetic difference. A person with hypospadias may have to urinate sitting, rather than standing. He may also be prone to urinary tract infections. More important is the emotional impact of having a penis that "looks different." This is why your doctor may advocate surgery for your child's hypospadias. Our discussions with men who have had hypospadias surgery lead us to believe that the physical damage and emotional trauma of genital surgery are frequently far worse than the hypospadias itself. Hypospadias does not in itself cause infertility. Infertility may be present in the more extreme forms of hypospadias, where the testes are irregular and cannot produce viable sperm. Hypospadias surgery cannot make an infertile male fertile.

15. Mylifepath hypospadias and epispadias, a definition, a look at the causes and symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and further reading. http://www.mylifepath.com/article/gale/100275331;$sessionid$EOJHGNYAAU2QPWCYSYVS

16. Congenital Anomalies Of The Penis Brief discussion of congenital anomalies of the penis,including hypospadias, epispadias, phimosis and paraphimosis. http://www.hsc.virginia.edu/med-ed/path/gu/penis2.html

Pathology of the Penis Penis Testis Prostate II. Congenital Anomalies Objectives: After completing this section will know: the most frequently encountered congenital abnormalities the distinguishing features of various abnormalities the clinical importance of each abnormality Congenital malformations of the penis are relatively uncommon. The most frequently encountered abnormalities involve the formation of the urethral groove and the prepuce. Hypospadias When the urethra opens abnormally on the ventral (inferior) surface of the penis, the condition is termed a hypospadias. Epispadias This term is used to describe the condition in which the abnormal urethral opening is on the dorsal surface of the penis. It is rare and is almost invariably associated with defects in the urethral valve, leading to urinary incontinence. Patients with hypospadias do not typically have this difficulty. These conditions are important because they are usually associated with recurrent infections. The abnormal opening may be constricted causing partial urinary obstruction, which leads to bacterial spread from the blocked penile urethra into the bladder. Also infertility may result from inability to properly inseminate. Both conditions are amenable to plastic surgical correction. Phimosis When the foreskin or prepuce cannot be retracted over the glans because of an abnormally small orifice, the patient is said to have a phimosis. The condition may also be acquired through inflammatory scarring of the prepuce. It is the most common of the penile malformation.

17. Hypospadias Information for patients about this disorder and the reason it should be repaired.Category Health Men s Health Conditions and Diseases hypospadias......hypospadias. hypospadias is a birth defect found in boys in which theurinary tract opening is not at the tip of the penis. Bending http://www.urology.med.umich.edu/patients/hypospadias.html

Hypospadias Hypospadias is a birth defect found in boys in which the urinary tract opening is not at the tip of the penis. Bending of the penis on erection may be associated with this and is known as chordee . Hypospadias occurs in about 8 of 1000 male births. There is some family risk of hypospadias. When we see a boy with hypospadias there is a 20% chance of finding it in another family member. There are different degrees of hypospadias some minor and others more severe. We name the types of hypospadias according to their anatomic location, but one must always determine whether or not there is associated chordee. Reasons For Repair Surgical correction of hypospadias involves straightening of any chordee and then extension of the urinary tube (urethra) out to the tip of the penis (glans) The ability to stand and urinate is important for boys. When the urethra opens before it reaches the glans a boy may be unable to stand and urinate with a direct stream. The youngster who has to sit down to urinate on a toilet is at a painful social disadvantage. A straight penis is necessary for satisfactory sexual function. Although this may not seem to be an important matter in childhood, this is a crucial concern later in life - early childhood is generally the best time for correction.

18. Pediatric Urology - Hypospadias - UrologyChannel hypospadias is a birth defect found in boys in which the urinary tractopening is not at the tip of the penis. This problem is often http://www.urologychannel.com/pediatric/hypospadias.shtml

Home Search SiteMap Ask the Dr. ... Medical Store advertisement advertisement PEDIATRIC UROLOGY Overview Antenatal Hydronephrosis Hypospadias Nocturnal Enuresis Undescended Testicle Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction Vesicoureteral Reflux Treatment CONDITIONS Adrenal Cancer Bladder Cancer Bladder Control Problems BPH/Enlarged Prostate Emergencies Erectile Dysfunction Female Sexual Dysfunction Hematuria Incontinence Interstitial Cystitis Kidney Cancer ... Testosterone Deficiency Upper Tract Tumors Urethral Cancer Urinary Tract Infection Varicocele Vasectomy RESOURCES Anatomy Clinical Trials Education HealthProfiler ... Videos ABOUT US Healthcommunities.com Pressroom Testimonials Overview Hypospadias is a congenital (present at birth) condition in which the opening of the urethra (tube that carries urine and, in males, semen from the body) is located below the normal location. This is caused by incomplete development of the urethra in utero between 8 and 20 weeks of gestation. Various degrees of hypospadias result in an opening located anywhere along the length of the urethra. Degrees of hypospadias are classified according to location, including anterior (50% of cases), middle (20% of cases), and posterior (30% of cases). Hypospadias may also cause a curvature of the penis ( chordee ). Chordee is sometimes evident only with an erection. Severe chordee may result in the inability to perform sexual intercourse.

19. International Trends In Rates Of Hypospadias And Cryptorchidism International Trends in Rates of hypospadias and Cryptorchidism. hypospadias increaseswere most marked in two American systems and in Scandinavia and Japan. http://ehpnet1.niehs.nih.gov/docs/1999/107p297-302paulozzi/abstract.html

Environmental Health Perspectives Volume 107, Number 4, April 1999 Citation in PubMed Related Articles International Trends in Rates of Hypospadias and Cryptorchidism Leonard J. Paulozzi National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341-3724 USA Abstract Key words : abnormality, cryptorchidism, endocrine, genital, hypospadias, testicle. Environ Health Perspect 107:297-302 (1999). [Online 11 March 1999] http://ehpnet1.niehs.nih.gov/docs/1999/107p297-302paulozzi/abstract.html Address correspondence to L.J. Paulozzi, Division of Birth Defects and Pediatric Genetics, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop F-45, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341-3724 USA. Received 29 October 1998; accepted 29 December 1998. Table of Contents Full Article Citation in PubMed Related Articles Last Updated: March 10, 1999

20. [P&S Medical Review:August:96] True Hermaphroditism: Considerations In The Manag Study of a twentyseven year old man with penoscrotal hypospadias and unilateral undescended gonad who was diagnosed with lateral true hermaphroditism during an evaluation for infertility. http://cpmcnet.columbia.edu/news/review/archives/medrev_v3n2_0002.html

True Hermaphroditism: Considerations in the Management of Patients Presenting in Early and Adult Life Abstract A twenty-seven year old man with penoscrotal hypospadias and unilateral undescended gonad was diagnosed with lateral true hermaphroditism during an evaluation for infertility. Phenotype male true hermaphrodites seldom present in adult life, and rarely for infertility. This case illustrates how diagnosis and treatment may be delayed until a significant personal event, such as infertility, prompts medical evaluation. Introduction True hermaphroditism is a rare disorder of intersexuality, which if not diagnosed in neonatal life, usually manifests during adolescence.1 True hermaphroditism refers to the presence of both testicular and ovarian tissue in the same individual. The external genitalia in these individuals may range from normal male to normal female, however, most phenotypic males have hypospadias. Ambiguous genitalia or severe hypospadias in a patient without two palpable gonads should be evaluated further for the presence of an intersex state.2 In infancy, genetic counseling and determination of the dominant phenotype are crucial to gender assignment and rearing. Late diagnosis, however, poses additional dilemmas for the patient in that the malignant potential of undescended or dysmorphic gonads is greater and issues of fertility may become significant. We report the second case of true hermaphroditism presenting as infertility in a phenotype male patient. A discussion of early and late diagnosis, potential for fertility, and risk of malignancy in patients with true hermaphroditism is offered.

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