21. Atkins Nutritionals: The Science Behind Atkins: Science Overview: Latest Researc The Science Behind Atkins Science Overview Latest Research insulin resistance http://www.atkinscenter.com/dev/Archive/2001/12/12-152344.html

The Science Behind Atkins Science Overview Latest Research > Insulin Resistance Articles: Hunter-Gatherer Diets: Meat-Based and Heart Healthy Antioxidants Found in Blueberries and Blackberries CoQ10 Improves Heart Function in Type 2 Diabetics Evolutionary Aspects of Insulin Resistance ... Meat and Dairy Food and Breast Cancer Insulin Resistance Reaven, G., "Syndrome X," Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine , 3(4), 2001, pages 323-332. The following information is available at Pub Med and was not written by Atkins professionals. Back to top Articles: Hunter-Gatherer Diets: Meat-Based and Heart Healthy Antioxidants Found in Blueberries and Blackberries CoQ10 Improves Heart Function in Type 2 Diabetics Evolutionary Aspects of Insulin Resistance ... Meat and Dairy Food and Breast Cancer The information on this Web site is not intended to diagnose or treat any medical condition. For more information, e-mail us or call 1-800-2-ATKINS Home Why Atkins Works How to Do Atkins My Atkins ... Sitemap

22. Insulin Resistance Syndrome Need help logging in? Click here. CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGISTS ESTABLISHSTRATEGIES TO DETECT AND MANAGE THE insulin resistance SYNDROME. http://www.aace.com/pub/BMI/press.php

Quick Search AACEOnline Register Now Members Only Login Your e-mail password Need help logging in? Click here. CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGISTS ESTABLISH STRATEGIES TO DETECT AND MANAGE THE INSULIN RESISTANCE SYNDROME An Epidemic Medical Condition that Places One in Three Americans at Higher Risk for Diabetes and Coronary Heart Disease Washington, D.C. (Aug. 27, 2002) - The American College of Endocrinology (ACE) and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE) today announced the results of their conference about the Insulin Resistance Syndrome, an epidemic condition that dramatically increases risk for type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease and stroke, and is estimated to affect one in three Americans. National and international experts addressed key questions about the causes, prevalence, assessment, prevention and treatment of the Insulin Resistance Syndrome. Insulin resistance describes a condition that is characterized by decreased tissue sensitivity to the action of insulin, leading to a compensatory increase in insulin secretion. Most people with insulin resistance are able to secrete enough insulin to maintain non-diabetic glucose levels. Some of these people will go on to develop overt type 2 diabetes. However, the majority, even if they do not develop diabetes, are still at significantly increased risk for heart attack, stroke and other diseases. "The Insulin Resistance Syndrome is a metabolic disorder that underlies some of the most deadly and costly diseases in the U.S., so early intervention is critical," said Daniel Einhorn, MD, FACE, Co-Chair of the ACE/AACE Insulin Resistance Syndrome Task Force and Medical Director of the Scripps Whittier Institute for Diabetes. "As the prevalence of Insulin Resistance Syndrome has skyrocketed 61 percent in the last decade, it is crucial that medical professionals have consistent and definitive criteria to assess this serious condition," he said.

23. Metabolic Syndrome A continuing medical education monograph on the Metabolic Syndrome, otherwise known as insulin resistance or syndrome X. http://www.metabolicsyndromeonline.com

OPTIMAL MANAGEMENT OF HYPERTENSION AND OBESITY IN THE Metabolic Syndrome CME MONOGRAPH CME Monograph Click here to view. This monograph is presented in PDF format. If you do not have Adobe Acrobat Reader® installed, please click here to install Acrobat Reader 4.0. Guest Editor Target Audience Goals Accreditation ... Support Guest Editor: George Bakris, MD ACCESS Medical Group Department of Continuing Medical Education 3395 N. Arlington Heights Road, Suite A Arlington Heights, IL 60004-1566

24. 3rd International Workshop On Insulin Resistance http://conferences.intmedpress.com/insulin/

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25. Exercise Reduces Diabetes By Reducing Insulin 7/30/00 Exercise Reduces Diabetes by Reducing insulin resistance. It has beenshown numerous times that exercise may prevent certain diseases http://www.mercola.com/2000/jul/30/exercise_insulin.htm

Mercola.com Dr. Joseph Mercola All Health, No Hype FREE Weekly Health Newsletter Your Email Address: Previous Newsletters Issue 164 July 30, 2000 Doctors Are the 3rd Leading Cause of Death Newsletter Distribution Issues Solved Avoid United Airlines Conscious Breathing ... Drug Companies Educating Doctors Health Resources Complete Nutrition Plan Less Grains / Sugars More Omega 3 More Water ... Recommended Products Exercise Reduces Diabetes by Reducing Insulin Resistance It has been shown numerous times that exercise may prevent certain diseases such as heart disease and diabetes, although the exact mechanism of this effect is often disputed. This study found that one of these mechanisms is that physical activity causes a reduction in insulin resistance. The study included 5159 men aged 40 to 59 years with no history of coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes, or stroke. During an average follow-up period of 16.8 years, there were 616 cases of major coronary heart disease events (fatal and nonfatal) and 196 incident cases of type 2 diabetes.

26. INCIID, PCOS FAQs Reviews in a question and answer format the link between insulin resistance and polycystic ovarian syndrome. Clear and to the point answers to a variety of questions. http://www.inciid.org/faq/pcos4.html

InterNational Council on Infertility Information Dissemination PCOS Frequently Asked Questions What is the connection between insulin resistance and PCOS? How are insulin resistance and diabetes diagnosed? What is the glucose tolerance test (GTT) and what are normal values? Will following a low-carbohydrate diet affect the results of a fasting insulin test? ... Is everyone with PCOS also considered to have Syndrome X? 4.1 What is the connection between insulin resistance and PCOS? At least 30 percent of women with PCOS are insulin resistant, although some investigators claim a much stronger association exists. Hyperinsulinemia produces hyperandrogenism by stimulating ovarian androgen production and by reducing serum sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG). This can heighten PCOS symptoms. Reducing insulin resistance through the use of insulin-sensitizing medications can restore ovulatory function in many women with PCOS. It appears that even some patients who do not test as being insulin resistant may benefit from these medications. TOP 4.2 How are insulin resistance and diabetes diagnosed?

27. Insulin Resistance Increases Heart Disease Risk 8/18/01 insulin resistance Increases Heart Disease Risk. insulin resistance syndromeoccurred in individuals with and without type 2 diabetes. http://www.mercola.com/2001/aug/18/insulin.htm

FREE Weekly Health Newsletter Your Email Address: Read Past Issues Issue 247 August 18, 2001 Science States Placebo Effect Is Real Insulin Resistance Effects Heart Disease Baycol Linked to Deaths Baycol Recall: How Safe is Your Statin? ... Nutrition Help Insulin Resistance Increases Heart Disease Risk A cluster of disorders that has been linked to type 2 diabetes may also contribute to early-onset heart disease in certain families. A recent study has found that insulin resistance syndrome, or "syndrome X," clusters in families with a history of early heart disease a heart attack or blood vessel blockage before age 55 in men and before age 65 in women. Insulin resistance syndrome refers to a combination of risk factors for type 2 diabetes, including chronically elevated insulin levels, low HDL ("good") cholesterol, abdominal obesity and high blood pressure. Type 2 diabetes occurs when the body no longer responds to insulin , the body's key blood sugar-regulating hormone. As a result, levels of insulin in the blood become elevated and over time, can

28. Appendix B Cites the various tests used to identify individuals with insulin resistance, syndrome X, diabetes and polycystic ovarian syndrome. Links to sites that describe these tests and conditions in more detail. http://home.attbi.com/~creationsunltd/AppendixB.htm

APPENDIX B: ADDITIONAL SCREENING REFERENCES Helping Obese Women Improve Their Health Insulin Resistance and The Glycemic Index Back to the Overview: http://home.attbi.com/~creationsunltd/overview.htm American Diabetes Association Recommendations Common Laboratory Screening Measures DIABETES MELLITUS ... Web Sites: Major Organizations ADA Dietary Recommendations: Available: http://www.diabetes.org/virtualgrocery/mealplanning.asp 1. Eat a variety of foods 2. Follow the diabetes food guide pyramid for guidelines on what and how much to eat. People with diabetes have the same food needs as people without diabetes. 4. The amounts needed from each of the food groups is as follows: Grains, Beans, and Starchy Vegetables - 6 or more servings per day Fruits - 3-4 servings per day Vegetables - 3-5 servings per day Milk - 2-3 servings per day Fats and Oils - only in small amounts Sweets - only once in a while 5. Keeping a food record for a day or two, and then comparing the number of servings you eat to the number recommended by the diabetes food guide pyramid will tell you whether you are eating too much or too little of any of the food groups. 6. Also, remember that the recommended number of servings is for the whole day, so you might want to divide the total number by 3 to see the amount needed per meal. For example, 3-4 servings of fruit per day means 1 per meal or snack, spread throughout the day.

29. Insulin Resistance insulin resistance Lifestyle and Nutritional Interventions. Gregory S.Kelly, ND. Abstract. 21. Lifestyle Modifications and insulin resistance. http://www.thorne.com/altmedrev/fulltext/insulin5-2.html

Insulin Resistance: Lifestyle and Nutritional Interventions Gregory S. Kelly, ND Abstract Introduction Estimates suggest that in Westernized countries 25-35 percent of the population have a degree of insulin resistance and the health consequences associated with this metabolic derangement. Insulin resistance means, in its simplest sense, that the ability of insulin to dispose of glucose in the liver, skeletal muscle, and other peripheral tissues is compromised. From a quantitative standpoint, skeletal muscle is presumed to have the greatest impact on whole-body glucose disposal, and hence on insulin resistance. Insulin resistance is usually characterized by higher fasting and post-glucose loading insulin levels, and a decreased responsiveness of tissue to the insulin driven clearance of this glucose from the bloodstream. Insulin resistance seems to be a common feature and a possible contributing factor to several frequent health problems, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, polycystic ovary disease, dyslipidemia

30. Insulin Resistance Syndrome Most people with type 2 diabetes have insulin resistance, but many more people whoare not diabetic also have insulin resistance. insulin resistance Syndrome. http://www.gnc.com/health_notes/Concern/Insulin_Resistance_Syndrome.htm

Insulin Resistance Syndrome Also indexed as: Metabolic Syndrome, Syndrome X Introduction Checklist Symptoms Treatments ... References The insulin resistance syndrome (IRS) is a group of health risk factors that increase the likelihood of heart disease and perhaps other disorders, such as diabetes and some cancers The risk factors that make up IRS include insulin resistance, which refers to the reduced ability of the hormone insulin to control the processing of glucose by the body. Other major risk factors often associated with IRS include high blood sugar and high blood triglycerides cholesterol high blood pressure , and excessive body fat in the abdominal region. People with IRS do not always have every one of these risk factors, but they usually have many of them. A qualified doctor should make the diagnosis of IRS after a thorough examination and blood tests. Most people with type 2 diabetes have insulin resistance, but many more people who are not diabetic also have insulin resistance. Since insulin resistance itself often does not cause symptoms, these people may not be aware of their problem. Some authorities believe insulin resistance is partially inherited and partially due to lifestyle factors. In addition to the recommendations discussed below, people with IRS may benefit from some of the recommendations given for type 2

31. Diabetes 123 - Diabetes Dictionary: I insulin resistance A state in which a given level of serum insulinproduces a less than expected biological effect. Patients may http://www.diabetes123.com/dictionary/i.htm

Advertisement E-mail This Article Printer Friendly Format Diabetes Dictionary: I Jump to a new section [ Getting Around ] Home Page What's New User's Guide Index Search Site Map [ People ] Parents Kids Adults Friends IDYA Tidbits Parent humor Art Poll Message Board Chat cwdMail Mailing Lists Events Quilt for Life Rufus [ Clinic ] Ask the Diabetes Team Diabetes Basics Diabetes at School Sample 504 Plans Products Marketplace Insulin Pumps la Bomba de Insulina Nutrition Alternate Site Testing Diabetes Dictionary Presentations Diabetes Camps Warning Signs [ Sources ] News and Information Advocacy ADA JDF On-Line Links Regional Info Services [ Feedback ] About Letters to Editor Contribute Advertising Online Store Buy CWD Shirts Logos and Linking Awards A B C D ... X IDDM (Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus) See: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Idiopathic Of unknown origin. IGT See: Impaired glucose tolerance Immunosuppressive Drugs Drugs that block the body's ability to fight infection or foreign substances that enter the body. A person receiving a kidney or pancreas transplant is given these drugs to stop the body from rejecting the new organ or tissue. Cyclosporin is a commonly used immunosuppressive drug. Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT) Blood glucose (sugar) levels higher than normal but not high enough to be called diabetes. People with IGT may or may not develop diabetes. Other names (no longer used) for IGT are "borderline," "subclinical," "chemical," or "latent" diabetes.

32. Understanding Type 2 Diabetes & Insulin Resistance What is type 2 diabetes? What is insulin resistance? Why is insulin resistanceso serious? Who is at risk? Is there a test for insulin resistance? http://www.takediabetestoheart.com/insulin.htm

Diabetes affects an estimated 17 million Americans and is the sixth leading cause of death from disease. It is also one of the most costly health problems in America with total economic costs of diabetes in 1997 estimated at $98 billion. In large part this is due to its potentially serious complications, which include cardiovascular disease , blindness, amputation and kidney failure. What is type 2 diabetes? What is insulin resistance? Why is insulin resistance so serious? Who is at risk? ... Is there a cure for type 2 diabetes? What is type 2 diabetes? Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes, accounting for 90 to 95 percent of diabetes cases. The body needs insulin - a hormone produced in the pancreas - to let blood sugar into cells for energy conversion or storage. When cells do not respond properly to insulin (insulin resistance) or the body does not produce enough insulin, sugar levels in the bloodstream rise, resulting in type 2 diabetes. back to the top What is insulin resistance?

33. Actos – Helps Control Your Blood Sugar In Type 2 Diabetes Type 2 Diabetes and insulin resistance Did you know that insulin resistanceaffects up to 9 out of every 10 people with type 2 diabetes? http://www.actos.com/

window.name="actos"; To view interactive pieces and animations, download the flash plugin To view interactive pieces and animations, download the flash plugin Support from loved ones can make a difference in living with type 2 diabetes. Do you get enough support? Tools for Self-Management You can take control of your type 2 diabetes! The tools below are designed by diabetes experts to help you manage your diabetes. These tools can help you set realistic goals, develop a manageable weight loss plan, prepare healthy meals, keep track of your blood sugar levels, and much more! E-mail Updates Sign-up to receive E-mail alerts and stay informed when new sections of actos.com become available! Type 2 Diabetes and Insulin Resistance Did you know that insulin resistance affects up to 9 out of every 10 people with type 2 diabetes? What is insulin resistance and how do you know if you have it? Read more Management of type 2 diabetes requires nutritional counseling, weight reduction as needed, and exercise. When diet and exercise are not enough, ACTOS may be used alone or in combination with sulfonylureas, metformin, or insulin to improve blood sugar control. Takeda Pharmaceuticals North America, Inc.

34. Actos - Information On Type 2 Diabetes And Insulin Resistance Actos provides information on type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance. 92%of people with type 2 diabetes have insulin resistance. Find out more! http://www.actos.com/sub_sec1_whatis.asp

window.name="actos"; Information About Type 2 Diabetes How common is type 2 diabetes? If you have ever felt that you are alone in your struggle to manage your type 2 diabetes, here are some statistics to prove you wrong. There are about 16 million people in the United States alone who have some form of diabetes. That's an amazing 5.9% of the total population! If you break those numbers down, 90% have type 2 diabetes! Some ethnic groups are more at risk of developing type 2 diabetes than others. You are at greater risk if you belong to one of these groups: Native Americans : Overall prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Native Americans is 12.2% versus 5.2% in the general population. In one tribe, 50% of the population between the ages of 30 and 64 has diabetes. Hispanic Americans : Hispanic Americans are almost twice as likely as white Americans to have type 2 diabetes. In fact, diabetes affects 1.2 million or 10.6% of the Mexican American population alone. African Americans : An estimated 2.3 million African Americans, or 10.8%, have diabetes. African Americans are 1.7 times more likely to have diabetes than non-Latino whites. Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders : Although prevalence data for diabetes among Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders are limited, some groups within this population are at increased risk. For example, data collected from 1988 to 1995 suggest that Native Hawaiians are twice as likely to have diagnosed diabetes as white residents of Hawaii.

35. About Insulin Resistance Or Syndrome X insulin resistance, or Syndrome X, causes health problems such as high cholesterol,high blood pressure and diabetes. About insulin resistance or Syndrome X. http://www.learn-about-type-2-diabetes.com/html/insulin_resistance.php3

What’s in this site? Symptoms Causes and symptoms of type 2 diabetes, and the glucose test. Gestational Diabetes Symptoms and diagnosis using a glucose tolerance test. Insulin Resistance Side effects and causes of "Syndrome X." Complications From diabetic retinopathy to foot pain. Diabetes Control Treatment, monitoring glucose levels and regulating high blood sugar. More on Diabetes Life with Diabetes Diabetes and Diet Regulating Insulin About Type 1 Diabetes About Insulin Resistance or Syndrome X Insulin resistance occurs when the body builds up a tolerance to insulin. As the body learns to tolerate high levels of insulin, the insulin becomes less effective in controlling blood glucose. As many as one third of Americans develop some degree of insulin resistance. Insulin resistance is not diabetes. The body still produces enough insulin to process blood sugar. As insulin resistance increases however, the body must produce more and more insulin to regulate blood sugar, which in turn increases the body's tolerance and resistance to insulin. It's a vicious circle that can ultimately lead to diabetes.

36. Lipids Online Slides: Insulin Resistance, Pathophysiology, Mechanisms Framingham Heart Study. insulin resistance. hyperinsulinemia. insulin resistance. Indexof Slide Contents. search insulin resistance results 23. 1 2 3 http://www.lipidsonline.org/slides/slide01.cfm?q=insulin resistance

37. Insulin Resistance Innovations And Patents insulin resistance Innovations and Patents © 2002, XQ23.COM Research More informationon insulin resistance and insulin resistance Research References. http://www.health.xq23.com/diabetes_updates/Insulin_resistance.html

Insulin resistance Innovations and Patents © 2002, XQ23.COM Research Practical Diabetes Care Rowan Hillson The Minimal Model Approach R. N. Bergman Diagnosis and Management of Type 2 Diabetes Steven V. Edelman The Epidemiology of Diabetes Mellitus J.M Ekoe Medical Management of Diabetes Burton E. Sobel The Glucose Revolution Thomas M.S. Woleve... The Type 2 Diabetic Woman M. Sara Rosenthal Type 2 Diabetes McGraw Hill - NTC The Type 2 Diabetes Diet Book Calvin Ezrin Type 2 Diabetes Graham Hitman Insulin-Dependent Diabetes in Childr... Ragnar Hanas Diabetes Mellitus Derek Leroith Childhood and Juvenile Diabetes Mellitus G. Mimura 2002 Day-By-Day Diabetes Calendar The Oxford Handbook of Dialysis Jeremy Levy Complications of Dialysis Norbert Lameire Short Dialysis Vincenzo Cambi Cooking for David Sara Colman Dialysis David L. Axtmann Review of Hemodialysis for Nurses C. F., MD Gutch National Dialysis Standards Reference Principles of Bacterial Pathogenesis Eduardo Abraham Insulin Resistance, Metabolic Disease Gaetano Crepaldi The Insulin-Resistance Diet Cheryle R. Hart M

38. Insulin Resistance And IGT insulin resistance AND IGT. Diabetes isn't simple. You may encounter the termsinsulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance. What are they? http://www.nfb.org/vodold/vow9819.htm

INSULIN RESISTANCE AND IGT Diabetes isn't simple. Although every diabetic, by definition, has difficulty with insulin supply and glucose metabolization, there are a number of different ways to arrive there. You may encounter the terms insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance. What are they? Insulin resistance is the body's inability to correctly utilize its normal (endogenous) insulin supply, even though that insulin is present in sufficient volume. IGT, Impaired Glucose Tolerance, once called "borderline diabetes," or "subclinical" diabetes, means your numbers are still short of the diabetic threshold, but exhibit abnormalities in the processing of blood sugar. But, for whatever reason, the body does not fully respond to the insulin, and the sugars stay in the blood. The pancreas senses the problem, and puts out MORE insulin, trying mightily to bring down those blood sugars. It isn't subtle about it, and, in the early stages, can over-produce, and down you can go into hypoglycemia. This is IGT, Impaired Glucose Tolerance. The overworked pancreas can, and often does, "go on strike." Perhaps 50% of all individuals with IGT go on to full-blown diabetes. In time, insulin output slows below insulin needs, and sugars rise into the hyperglycemic range, where they stay, until medication (sulfonylureas, Metformin, Rezulin) brings them back down. They have progressed to type 2 diabetes.

39. Voice Of The Diabetic insulin resistance EXPLORED. by Peter J. Nebergall, Ph.D. Photo portrait. Whatis insulin resistance? What do we know about it? How can we change it? http://www.nfb.org/vod/vodsum0103.htm

Back Next Table of Contents Home INSULIN RESISTANCE EXPLORED by Peter J. Nebergall, Ph.D. Photo: portrait. Caption: Peter J. Nebergall, Ph.D. Diabetes Mellitus is not one, but two different conditions, that share the symptom of elevated blood sugars. Type 1 diabetes arises from insulin deficiency, from the absence of the hormone, and thus type 1 diabetics need to inject insulin, to preserve life. Type 2 diabetes arises from a body's inability to correctly and completely use the insulin it is producing, and we call that initial condition insulin resistance. What is "insulin resistance?" What do we know about it? How can we change it? Insulin resistance is a serious condition, closely correlating with obesity, heart disease, and high blood pressure. We do not know the exact mechanism of insulin resistance, only that it is a measurable lessening in the body's ability to metabolize glucose, even though an otherwise adequate supply of insulin may be present. We don't know what the root cause is, but we suspect it is genetic (which would explain why type 2 diabetes so much seems to run in families). Although there is close correlation between obesity and insulin resistance, it is not simple "cause and effect." Being overweight does not cause insulin resistance even though losing weight does indeed reduce insulin resistance. There are many overweight people who are not insulin-resistant, and these folks may never develop type 2 diabetes.

40. The Heart Of Diabetes: Understanding Insulin Resistance The Heart of Diabetes Understanding insulin resistance is an American Heart Associationprogram to help type 2 diabetes patients control cardiovascular disease http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=11243

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