61. Keratoconus keratoconus. keratoconus is a contraindication for refractive surgery of nearly everytype. In early stages of keratoconus eyeglasses may correct their vision. http://www.usaeyes.org/faq/subjects/keratoconus.htm

You are visitor Navigation... HOME SEARCH GUIDED TOUR Services... LOCATE A CRSQA CERTIFIED SURGEON ASK THE EXPERTS SECOND OPINION PERSONAL REFERRAL Need to know... FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS 50 TOUGH QUESTIONS FOR YOUR DOCTOR SELECTED LINKS ... WHAT CRSQA CERTIFICATION MEANS Community... GUEST BOOK Research... KNOW WHAT YOU DON'T KNOW SHOULD YOU DO IT? GLOSSARY ... REPORT A BAD DOCTOR Doctors... BECOME CERTIFIED About us... LEARN ABOUT CRSQA CRASS COMMERCIALISM Contact us... CALL US GO POSTAL SEND EMAIL Language... TRANSLATE WEBPAGE Keratoconus Keratoconus is a contraindication for refractive surgery of nearly every type. Keratoconus occurs when the middle of the cornea thins and gradually bulges outward, forming a rounded cone shape. The abnormal curvature changes the cornea’s refractive power producing moderate to severe irregular astigmatism and blurriness of vision. As the condition advances, scarring of the central cornea occurs. In early stages of keratoconus eyeglasses may correct their vision. However, as this condition advances, gas-permeable contact lenses maybe the only way to achieve clear vision. Contact lens fitting of a patient with keratoconus requires much care and frequent check-ups, because the condition can worsen. In most cases, the cornea will stabilize after a few years without ever causing severe vision problems. Only a small percentage of patients with keratoconus may become intolerant to contact lenses, or find that scarring of the cornea has caused loss of vision. In this situation, a corneal transplant is an option that can result in improved vision. A corneal transplant is highly successful but requires a long healing period. After three years 90%-95% people with advanced keratoconus have success with corneal transplant.

62. Eye Conditions > Keratoconus -- EyeMDLink.com keratoconus. keratoconus is a corneal degenerative disorder, in which the corneabecomes progressively thin and steep, resulting in irregular astigmatism. http://www.eyemdlink.com/Condition.asp?ConditionID=25

63. Eye-Net --- Keratoconus - Êåñáôüêùíïò--- --- keratoconus Definition keratoconus is a noninflammatory thinning and bulgingof the cornea. Causes of keratoconus The cause of keratoconus is unknown. http://www.eye-net.gr/english/PUBLIC/keratokonos_eng.html

Keratoconus Definition Keratoconus is a non-inflammatory thinning and bulging of the cornea. This bulging results in distortion of the cornea, and an associated reduction in visual acuity. Corneal scarring occurs in more advanced cases and further reduces acuity. Causes of Keratoconus The cause of keratoconus is unknown. There have been many theories based on its association with other conditions but no theory explains any significant percentage of the keratoconus patients. Microscopic changes appear to occur first in a single cell layer of the epithelium (Teng). It is suggested that enzymes released by this degenerating cell layer cause a breakdown of other layers of the cornea. The degenerating cells become pale and swollen, and the cells become less organized (Leibowitz and Lawless). These cells eventually disappear, leaving one or two superficial epithelial cells (McPherson). Symptoms Keratoconus affects both eyes, though it usually develops first in one eye, and this eye often continues to be worse than the second eye. Symptoms normally start between 16 and 25 years of age. Patients may report that their eyes itch, that they have allergies, and they often rub their eyes with more than the usual force. In addition to a decrease in visual acuity, patients with keratoconus often complain of visual discomfort similar to a patient with uncorrected astigmatism. They will report "squinting" in order to see better.

64. Keratoconus Back Home Next. keratoconus Healthlink USA keratoconus information. Nationalkeratoconus Foundation. Center for keratoconus. R D Ophthalmics. http://www.ability.org.uk/Keratoconus.html

Our Aims Services Stats ... Z Keratoconus Healthlink USA - Keratoconus information National Keratoconus Foundation Center for Keratoconus Webmaster . Site Design by Ability "see the ability, not the disability" Acknowledgments

65. Keratoconus: Diagnosis And Management keratoconus Diagnosis and Management Dennis Burger, OD, FAAO Joseph P. Shovlin,OD, FAAO, Karla Zadnik, OD, PhD, FAAO Figure 12. keratoconus lens systems. http://www.opt.pacificu.edu/ce/catalog/web013/course.htm

Keratoconus: Diagnosis and Management Dennis Burger, OD, FAAO Joseph P. Shovlin, OD, FAAO, Karla Zadnik, OD, PhD, FAAO Course List Home Contact Bibliography ... Bios Introduction Etiology The proposed etiology of keratoconus includes biochemical and physical corneal tissue changes, but no one theory fully explains the clinical findings and associated ocular and non-ocular disorders. It is possible that keratoconus is an end result or final common pathway of many different clinical conditions. It has been found in association with hereditary predisposition, atopic disease, certain systemic disorders, and rigid contact lens wear. Corneal tissue change - whether in the stroma or the epithelium and its basement membrane - has long been proposed as the cause of keratoconus. Teng (13) originally proposed the epithelium as the primary site of abnormal tissue because the earliest histopathologic change occurs there. Now many researchers believe that the primary site is the stroma and that tissue change occurs because of destruction of stromal tissue by collagenase (14-16). If research can identify the ultrastructural or biochemical abnormality causing keratoconus, it may then be possible to intervene in the disease process to halt or even reverse its expression. Hereditary factors seem to play some role in the development of keratoconus (17,18) which may be inherited as a dominant or recessive trait (6,9). Hammerstein (18) found that in families in which one member had keratoconus, the incidence of keratoconus in other family members was 8%. Rabinowitz et al (17) showed a high prevalence of keratoconic, corneal topographic abnormalities in family members of keratoconus patients.

66. Downriver Eye Center - Keratoconus ~ keratoconus ~. The cornea is a clear layer of tissue that covers the frontof the eye. It This condition is called keratoconus. keratoconus http://www.downrivereyecenter.com/keratoconus.htm

67. What Is Keratoconus? What is keratoconus? A REFERENCE GUIDE FOR PATIENTS THEIR FAMILIES. Produced FOUNDATION.Top. Back to Cornea/Eyelid Problems What is keratoconus? http://www.brilliantvision.com/keratoco.htm

What is Keratoconus Produced by the National Keratoconus Foundation Writer: S. William Dowey Illustrator: Mallory Pearce Table of Contents INTRODUCTION HOW THE EYE FUNCTIONS WHAT IS KERATOCONUS? THE CORNEA ... THE NATIONAL KERATOCONUS FOUNDATION THE NATIONAL KERATOCONUS FOUNDATION Top Back to Cornea/Eyelid Problems What is KERATOCONUS?

68. Keratoconus Up. This is a condition that is characterized clinically by a thinningof the cornea which leads to ectasia centrally with a cone http://insight.med.utah.edu/opatharch/cornea/keratoconus.htm

Home Up Contributors Submission Information ... Site Map This is a condition that is characterized clinically by a thinning of the cornea which leads to ectasia centrally with a cone-like out-pouching of the cornea. Histologically, the epithelium and the stroma of the cornea centrally are often thinned(#21967). There can also be multiple focal disruptions of epithelial basement membrane and Bowman's layer anteriorly (#21968). In addition, Descemet's membrane may rupture in this condition resulting in acute corneal edema or hydrops. High Power #21968 Low Power #21967 Home Up Conjunctiva Glaucoma ... Site Map John A. Moran Eye Center 50 North Medical Drive Salt Lake City UT 84132 Telephone 801.581.2581 Fax 801.581.3357

69. THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 8, Ch. 96, Corneal Disorders Keratomalacia. keratoconus. Bullous Keratopathy. keratoconus. A slowly progressiveectasia of the cornea, usually bilateral, beginning between ages 10 and 20. http://www.merck.com/pubs/mmanual/section8/chapter96/96j.htm

This Publication Is Searchable The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy Section 8. Ophthalmologic Disorders Chapter 96. Corneal Disorders Topics Superficial Punctate Keratitis Corneal Ulcer Herpes Simplex Keratitis Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus ... Corneal Transplantation Keratoconus A slowly progressive ectasia of the cornea, usually bilateral, beginning between ages 10 and 20. The cone shape that the cornea assumes causes major changes in the refractive power of the eye and necessitates frequent change of eyeglasses. Contact lenses may provide better visual correction and should always be tried when eyeglasses are not satisfactory. Corneal transplant surgery may be necessary if vision with contact lenses is inadequate, the contact lenses are not tolerated, or a corneal scar is present.

70. MedWebPlus Subject Diseases And Conditions Eye Diseases A, , GO, CLEK Collaborative Longitudinal Evaluation of keratoconusStudy. A, -, GO, National keratoconus Foundation (NKCF). A, -, GO, National http://www.medwebplus.com/subject/Diseases_and_Conditions/Eye_Diseases/Keratocon

Main About MWP Contribute to MWP Contact Us A service of Flexis, Inc. Welcome to MedWebPlus 2.3! A free service to help you find health sciences information quickly and easily. Diseases and Conditions Eye Diseases Keratoconus Broader Terms: All Diseases Corneal Diseases Web Sites: A GO Center for Keratoconus A GO CLEK Collaborative Longitudinal Evaluation of Keratoconus Study A GO National Keratoconus Foundation (NKCF) A GO National Keratoconus Foundation FAQs: Frequently Asked Question about Keratoconus Flexis, Inc. Privacy statement Powered by y-Base

71. MEDLINEplus Medical Encyclopedia: Keratoconus keratoconus. Causes, incidence, and risk factors Return to top. The cause is unknown.keratoconus is more common in contact lens wearers and nearsighted eyes. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001013.htm

Skip navigation Medical Encyclopedia Other encyclopedia topics: A-Ag Ah-Ap Aq-Az B-Bk ... Z Keratoconus Contents of this page: Illustrations Definition Causes, incidence, and risk factors Symptoms ... Prevention Illustrations Cornea Definition Return to top Keratoconus is a deterioration of the fibrous structure of the cornea with gradual bulging from the normal round shape to a cone shape. This condition causes decreased visual acuity . It is frequently discovered during adolescence. Causes, incidence, and risk factors Return to top The cause is unknown. Keratoconus is more common in contact lens wearers and nearsighted eyes. Some researchers believe that allergy may play a role. Symptoms Return to top The earliest symptom is subtle blurring of vision not correctable with glasses. The vision is generally correctable to 20/20 with contact lenses. Signs and tests Return to top Keratoconus can usually be diagnosed with slit lamp examination of the cornea. Early cases may require corneal topography, a test which involves making a stereo image which gives a topographic map of the corneal curvature. When keratoconus is advanced, the cornea may be thinner in areas and this can be measured by pachymetry. Treatment Return to top Contact lenses are the primary treatment and are satisfactory treatment for most patients with keratoconus. Severe cases may require

72. Www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2K/MB_cgi?term=Keratoconus Gokeratoconus specific sites. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2K/MB_cgi?term=Keratoconus

73. Collaborative Longitudinal Evaluation Of Keratoconus (CLEK) Study http://optometry.osu.edu/CLEK/

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74. Intacs For Keratoconus keratoconus is a noninflammatory progressive eye disease that affects the cornea. keratoconusis generally thought to remain fairly stable after age 40. http://www.moranvisioncenter.med.utah.edu/tech_research/intacs.htm

Directions Moran Eye Center Site Map Search ... Back (KEHR-a-toh-kohn-nus) Since the cornea is responsible for focusing light, abnormalities of the cornea can affect the way we see. Patients experience near-sightedness, where distance vision is out of focus. Patients also struggle with irregular astigmatism where vision is blurred or distorted. The condition usually involves both eyes and often starts in the late teens and progresses though adulthood. The disease progresses slowly, but can stop at any stage from mild to severe. Keratoconus is generally thought to remain fairly stable after age 40. While most clinicians believe that Keratoconus has a primary genetic factor, researchers believe that most patients have some combination of genetic and environmental factors that contribute to their disease. Factors that are thought to be associated with Keratoconus are chronic eye rubbing and poorly fitting contact lenses. Scientists have found that a high percentage of Keratoconus patients show cell death within the stroma. The stroma is the middle tissue layer of the cornea that is responsible for its strength. Cell death may lead to stromal weakening and thinning. Different theories about why this occurs are being investigated. The primary management for the disease begins with fitting the patient with glasses. As the disease progresses, rigid gas permeable contact lenses may be required. The rigid lenses mask the corneal irregularities and provide better visual correction.

75. Keratoconus Home Consumer's Page Bifocals keratoconus Gas Permeable Fitting GuidesSoft Lenses What's New Specials Promotions About Us Contact Us, http://www.frontiercontactlens.com/keratoconus.html

Frontier Contact Lens Lab, Inc. Our Commitment is to Quality and Your Satisfaction! Home Consumer's Page Bifocals Keratoconus ... Contact Us

76. WellVision Learning Source® - Keratoconus treatments symptoms causes keratoconus. keratoconus is a progressive corneal diseasein which the cornea, or front surface of the eye, thins and changes shape. http://www.vsp.com/source/html/keratoconus.htm

Members Home Page Guest/Future Members Home Page Benefits Managers Home Page Brokers/Consultants Home Page Are you a VSP Doctor? Home Page Conditions and Diseases Eye Anatomy Low Vision An Eye Exam ... Conditions and Diseases Keratoconus Keratoconus is a progressive corneal disease in which the cornea, or front surface of the eye, thins and changes shape. The cornea is normally close to a round or spherical shape. Keratoconic corneas bulge, distort and are shaped more like a cone. This condition affects the way light enters the eye and hits the light-sensitive retina, causing distorted vision. The distorted cornea doesn't allow a clear image to hit the retina. Keratoconus usually appears in the teens or early twenties, affecting either one or both eyes. Causes Causes of keratoconus are unclear. A genetic link may exist, as you may find several keratoconics within an extended family. Top Symptoms The onset of keratoconus occurs slowly. Nearsightedness and astigmatism also accompany this disease, so distorted and blurred vision result. Glare and light sensitivity may also be noticeable. Keratoconics often have prescription changes each time they visit their eye care doctor. Diagnosis of keratoconus may be delayed if the doctor is not familiar with the early-stage patient complaints of the disease. Early signs of keratoconus are not always clear-cut, so diagnosis may come some time after the disease appears. Top Most Common Treatments In the mildest form of keratoconus, glasses or soft contact lenses may improve your vision. But as the disease progresses and the cornea thins and changes shape even more, these options are no longer acceptable for clear vision.

77. Olympia Vision Source - Keratoconus keratoconus. keratoconus (KC) is a noninflammatory from dome-shaped to cone-shaped.keratoconus comes from the Greek word meaning conical cornea. http://www.thevisionsource.org/olympiavisionsource/html/keratoconus.html

Olympia Vision Source Email Us Keratoconus Keratoconus (KC) is a non-inflammatory condition of the cornea in which there is progressive central thinning of the cornea changing it from dome-shaped to cone-shaped. Keratoconus comes from the Greek word meaning conical cornea. The cornea is the clear windshield of the eye and is responsible for refracting most of the light coming into the eye. Therefore, abnormalities of the cornea can greatly affect the way we see the world. Keratoconus is not a blinding disorder, but does result in increasing near-sightedness (things far away are out of focus) and irregular astigmatism (things look tilted) that can significantly distort your vision. It is almost always bilateral (affecting both eyes). It is a slowly progressive disorder, taking years to develop, and may halt at any stage from mild to severe. The actual incidence of KC is uncertain, large studies estimate 50 to 230 per 100,000. It occurs in all ethnic groups and has a slight female preponderance. It usually has its onset in puberty with progression over a 10 to 20 year period. This rate of progression is variable as well as the severity, ranging from mild astigmatism to severe corneal thinning, protrusion, and scarring. Keratoconus has been associated with other medical disorders including atopic disease, Down's syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, Marfan's syndrome, craniofacial dysostosis and osteogenesis imperfecta. Even excessive eye rubbing has been implicated in this disease.

78. Keratoconus-Link Registration Form KCLink Survey keratoconus-LINK. keratoconus-link is an interactive, worldwideforum for people with keratoconus. keratoconus-LINK REGISTRATION FORM http://nkcf.org/kclink.htm

K ERATOCONUS -L INK Keratoconus-link is an interactive, worldwide forum for people with keratoconus. The link offers those with keratoconus a unique opportunity to share their "KC" experiences and concerns with others who can truly understand the daily frustrations of this condition. The camaraderie shared and support offered to each other is invaluable. In addition, a cadre of eye care practitioners - contact lens fitters, optometrists, and ophthalmologists - regularly participate. E-mail messages, or "postings", are sent to all subscribers on the list creating a worldwide keratoconus family. In addition to providing a forum for discussion of issues related to keratoconus, keratoconus-link provides information on other relevant Internet resources. Subscribers will automatically receive INDIVIDUAL messages throughout the day. Or, if you prefer, a DIGEST format (one message sent daily with all that day’s messages included is available). To switch to the DIGEST format, follow directions in the "welcome" message you will receive when you subscribe. To subscribe to the list, complete the registration form below (or send the information via email to:

79. Eye Facts Keratoconus keratoconus (ConeShaped Cornea). What is keratoconus? How does keratoconus interferewith vision? People with keratoconus may lose vision in two ways http://www.uic.edu/com/eye/education/eyefacts/Keratoconus.htm

Keratoconus (Cone-Shaped Cornea) What is Keratoconus? Keratoconus is an eye condition in which the shape of the cornea becomes distorted. The cornea is a clear structure that covers the front of the eye and allows light to enter the eye. In a healthy eye, the cornea curves like a dome. In an eye with keratoconus, the center of the cornea slowly thins and bulges, so that it sags and has a cone shape (see illustration). In keratoconus, the posterior layer may tear in rare cases. When this happens, the cornea may suddenly become swollen with water (termed hydrops).Wrinkles and scars may also form on a keratoconus cornea. How does keratoconus interfere with vision? People with keratoconus may lose vision in two ways: l. From distortion of the cornea: Seeing through a misshapen cornea is like taking pictures with a camera whose lens has an irregular (not smooth) surface. Parts of the picture or field of vision are in focus and parts are out of focus. This visual problem is called irregular astigmatism. 2. From scarring or swelling of the cornea: Seeing through a scarred or swollen cornea is like taking pictures with a camera with a dirty or cloudy lens. The picture or vision is blurred.

80. Wing Eyecare - Eye Diseases & Conditions keratoconus. What is keratoconus? A common disorder tissue). Prevention. Thereis no known preventative medication for keratoconus. Early detection http://www.wingeyecare.com/Ocular Diseases/keratoconus.htm

Our Offices Our Doctors Wing Vision Plan Insurance Plans ... Eyecare Links Keratoconus What is keratoconus? A common disorder that affects 1 in 2000 Americans, according to the National Eye Institute. This condition arises from a progressive thinning of the corneal surface. As the center of the cornea becomes thinner it tends to bulge outward. The normally spherical cornea now appears more conical. This change in shape prevents light from being focused properly onto the retina , resulting in distorted vision. As the disorder progresses, the cornea continues to bulge and visual acuity continually decreases. This condition is typically bilateral (both eyes are affected). The exact cause of this disorder remains obscure, but it has been associated with certain other medical conditions and risk factors. Symptoms Blurriness, distorted vision, and

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