41. ADAP Drugs: Pyrimethamine Used for the treatment and prevention of malaria. Also used to treat AIDSrelated diarrhea and as one of a combination of drugs to treat Toxoplasma gondii, a protozoal infection. Marketed as Daraprim and Fansidar. Site includes drug description, dosage, and side effects. http://www.atdn.org/access/drugs/pyri.html

pyrimethamine (Daraprim, Fansidar) Drug description Pyrimethamine is used for the treatment and prevention of malaria. Pyrimethamine is also used to treat AIDS-related diarrhea and as one of a combination of drugs to treat Toxoplasma gondii, a protozoal infection. Many HIV+ have been exposed to toxoplasmosis (toxo), but are able to keep the infection in check until their immune systems become relatively weak. People can become infected with the toxo organism by coming in contact with feces, frequently found in dirt. Symptoms include headaches, fever, confusion, lack of energy, and, in some cases, inflammation of parts of the eyes. Toxo can also cause loss of mental status, seizures and paralysis. Toxoplasmosis can become resistant or unresponsive to existing treatments. Glaxo-Wellcome, Inc., which makes Daraprim, has an HIV Patient Assistance Program - call (800) 722-9294. Side effects Folic acid deficiency can cause a painful burning tongue, loss of taste, and anemia. Other side effects can be skin rash, fever, nervousness, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, bone marrow depression, and jaundice. Dosage Pyrimethamine comes in tablets combined with sulfad oxine called Fansidar. For treatment of Isosporiasis infection, adults take 50-75 mg of pyrimethamine daily, as needed to control or eliminate infection. For treatment of toxoplasmosis, usual dose is 25 mg daily. For AIDS related toxo, treatment begins with a loading dose of 100-200 mg in 2 divided doses daily for the first 2 days, then 50-75 mg daily. Maintenance treatment is 25 mg per day, sulfadiazine 4 grams per day, and

42. ADAP Drugs: Primaquine A treatment for malaria which is also used in combination with clindamycin for treating mild to moderate PCP pneumonia when first choice treatments are not tolerated or not working well. http://www.atdn.org/access/drugs/prim.html

primaquine (Primaquine Phosphate) Drug description Primaquine is a treatment for malaria. Primaquine is also used in combination with clindamycin for treating mild to moderate PCP pneumonia when first choice treatments are not tolerated or not working well. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, commonly referred to as PCP, can affect the lungs as well as other parts of the body, including the skin and internal organs. People who are at the greatest risk of contracting this type of pneumonia are those who have less than 200 T4 cells. Symptoms of PCP include shortness of breath, dry cough, and fever. PCP seems to occur very frequently in women as a first or second AIDS-defining illness. Diagnosis in women is often delayed and the illness may be severe by the time it is detected. Studies are ongoing to determine the usefulness and safety of combined treatment with primaquine and clindamycin. Side effects The combination of primaquine and clindamycin is generally well tolerated. Nausea, vomiting and stomach cramps occasionally occur. Other side effects can be anemia, headache, visual disturbance and intense itching. Dosage Combination therapy with oral primaquine at 15 or 30 mg daily with clindamycin given intravenously or orally at 1.8-3.6 g in 3 or 4 divided doses daily is effective in treating PCP.

43. Roll Back Malaria General Public Roll Back malaria is a global partnership to halve the world's malariaburden by 2010. News and comment on international efforts http://mosquito.who.int/cgi-bin/rbm/login_rbm.jsp?cde=fr

44. Welcome To Malarex.com Antimalarial. Features product and malaria information, press releases, and related links. http://www.malarex.com/

Our Mission :: A New Era in Disease Control Malarex Objectives :: Millenia Hope is responsible for the development of Malarex ®™, a product developed to combat malaria. Our goal is to fight malaria and other infectious diseases both through the development and distribution of natural disease control agents and through environmental and information services. Combining our strengths with those of other strategic symbiotic corporations, we are now part of the larger conglomeration of international companies dedicated to improving human health around the world. Vision :: The Hope of a Brighter Future As long as the world is inflicted with disease, individuals on every continent and from every class, will find themselves in need of solutions for their well-being. Our vision is of a world where health problems are confronted as fast as they occur. We cannot eradicate disease, but we must offer everyone, everywhere the hope of a better future. Global Network A global network Incorporated in 1997, Millenia Hope's

45. Africa Fighting Malaria The goal of this NGO is to educate about the malaria and the effectiveness of the pesticide DDT as Category Health Conditions and Diseases Parasitic malaria......According to the World Health Organization, malaria is on the rise again, takinga life every thirty seconds of every minute of every day around the world. http://www.fightingmalaria.org/

for updates "[The Malaria epidemic] is like loading up seven Boeing 747 airliners each day , then deliberately crashing them into Mt. Kilimanjaro." Dr. Wenceslaus Kilama, Chairman, Malaria Foundation International Welcome! Africa Fighting Malaria is an NGO which seeks to educate people about the scourge of Malaria and the political economy of malaria control. We have highlighted the effectiveness of the pesticide DDT as one of the solutions to fighting the disease. We believe that global health organizations must be free to employ all available tools to fight malaria and that the limited use of DDT for spraying homes and hospitals is a powerful and necessary tool in this fight.

46. NIAID Research On Emerging Infectious Diseases Research on emerging infectious diseases Tuberculosis, Hepatitis C, malaria, Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli, Lyme disease, Influenza, AIDS, and other emerging viral diseases. http://www3.bc.sympatico.ca/me/patientsguide/eidpg.htm

Emerging infectious diseases are commonly defined as those that have newly appeared in a population or have existed but are rapidly increasing in incidence or geographic range. Recent examples include HIV/AIDS, Lyme disease and hepatitis C. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) conducts and supports research and scientific training to meet the challenges of emerging diseases. This document provides a brief overview of NIAID¹s emerging disease research programs. Tuberculosis Nearly 2 billion people, one-third of the world¹s population, are infected with the tuberculosis (TB) bacterium. This includes between 10 and 15 million people in the United States. TB is the world¹s leading cause of death from a single infectious organism, killing more adults each year than AIDS and malaria combined. The TB crisis is intensified by the emergence of disease caused by multidrug-resistant organisms. Infections caused by these organisms may result in an incurable form of the disease. The World Health Organization estimates that more than 50 million people worldwide may be infected with drug-resistant strains of TB. NIAID¹s TB research program encompasses studies of the epidemiology and natural history of TB, and basic and applied research to develop new ways to diagnose, treat and prevent TB. An NIAID-funded center at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio, coordinates national and international basic and clinical research programs on TB. The center¹s primary goals are to develop new ways to measure the effectiveness of new drugs and to identify the immune responses that protect an individual from TB, information needed to evaluate candidate TB vaccines. Another NIAID-funded facility acquires and screens natural and synthetic compounds in a search for new TB antibiotics. NIAID also supports a number of facilities for the preclinical evaluation of TB drugs in mouse models of the disease and to provide tuberculosis reagents to qualified investigators.

47. Www.fleetstreetclinic.com A specialist travel clinic in the UK. Resources on vaccine recommendations, malaria, travel medicine news. http://www.fleetstreetclinic.com/

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48. Malaria Travel Information A reference page containing links on information and advice regarding protection of international Category Health Conditions and Diseases Parasitic malaria......A reference page containing links advice regarding protection of internationaltravellers against malaria. malaria Travel Information. http://www.geocities.com/aaadeel/maltravel.html

Malaria Travel Information Go to CDC Travel Guide on Malaria Go to CDC Travel Information Go to Travel Medicine, Health Canada Go to International Travel and Health , WHO. Go to PHLS Malaria Reference Laboratory, UK , with downloadable guidelines for health professionals Go to Wellontheroad: health care for international traveler (malaria and other health issues) Go to Africa Guide Go to Psoriasis and Antimalaria Drugs (NPF) Go to Walkabout Travel Gear Go to TMVC:User Acceptability of Mefoquine and Doxycycline Chemoprophylaxis. Go to Doxycycline Information for Patients. Go to Glaxo Wellcome Daramal-Plaudrine . Go to To "Lariam" or not to "Lariam"? Go to About Travel Advisory Services. Go to Standby Treatment for Malaria. Go to How not to get malaria (BootsnAll). Go to Malaria Risk in Southern Africa Go to British Airways Travel Clinics - South Africa. Malaria questionaire Go to South African Malaria Risk Maps Go to Travelsafe Clinic - Malaria Info, Travel Precautions in South Africa . Go to USNavy guide to prevention and treatment of malaria.

49. MIMCom Malaria Research Resources MIMCom Communications Working Group of the Multilateral Initiativeon malaria. Skip NLM Navigation NLM Home Page MIMCom malaria http://www.nlm.nih.gov/mimcom/mimcomhome.html

"We must develop a communications system so that the miraculous triumphs of modern science can be taken from the laboratory and transmitted to all in need." Senator Lister Hill, 1965 About MIMCom About the MIMCom Network Locations and Web Sites News and New Resources Internet Resources Discussion Groups General Internet Resources Internet Search Databases ClinicalTrials.gov CRISP MEDLINEplus PubMed ... Publishers Medical Reference Resources General Medical Resources Genomics Malaria Acronyms Malaria Reference ... Vaccines Miscellaneous Library Resources Organisations Surveying Training Materials ... U.S. National Library of Medicine , 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894 National Institutes of Health Privacy Accessibility Last updated: 29 April 2002

50. Malarone - An Antimalarial Drug For Malaria Treatment And Malaria Prevention Information for health care professionals and patients on malaria, its treatment, and prophylaxis using Malarone (atovaquone proguanil HCI) tablets from GlaxoSmithKline. http://www.malarone.com

This site is intended for US residents only. Legal Notices Privacy Statement Contact Us Patient Information ... Site Map Complete Prescribing Information is provided in Adobe's Portable Document Format (PDF). To view these documents, you will need Adobe Acrobat Reader; if you do not have it, follow the link below to download a copy. If you are unable to or do not wish to download Acrobat Reader, but still wish to receive complete Prescribing Information, please click here

51. Welcome To Malaria Vaccine Clinical Trials Details an initiative that uses volunteers for vaccines developed for the prevention of malaria and tuberculosis. http://www.malaria-vaccines.org.uk

Welcome to Malaria Vaccine Trials - clinical trials conducted at the University of Oxford for research into the vaccination of malaria and tuberculosis The research for this initiative is supported by the following -

52. Rockcliff Game Farm Rockcliff A game hunting farm in the malaria free region of South Africa. http://rockcliff.hypermart.net

Let American Consumer Counseling Help you Get Out of Debt! ROCKCLIFF GAME FARM Range of Activities Trophy hunting Bow hunting Situated in the beautiful Eastern Cape Province of South Africa, this farm in the heart of Settlers Country is home to a variety of game ranging from the small blue duiker to the majestic Eastern Cape Kudu. The variety in fauna lends itself to plains aminals such as blesbuck and black wildebeest and the valley bushveld to nyala, impala and kudu. The climate is moderate with little or no frost in winter and pleasant cooling breezes from the sea. Species Available: Kudu Blesbok Bushpig Bushbuck Common Duiker Blue Duiker Red Hartebeest Impala Nyala Mountain Reedbuck Springbuck Black Wildebeest Blue Wildebeest Lechwe Climate : Summer temperatures vary between 9 deg C and 30 deg C while winters are cool, but never drops below deg C and no frost occurs, but heavy dew occurs. Rainfall is approximately 500 - 600 mm annually and falls predominantly in summer months Other wildlife: A very large variety of bird life is indigenous to the area (more than 200 species). The Knysna Lourie, with its distinctive red wings and loud call, can be found in the valleys and Martial Eagles soar on the updrafts, searching for dassies and other creatures. Leguan and large tortoises are frequently found. Occasionally jackal and lynx are found and at night a variety of small animals come out to feed.

53. Malaria And Health - Information For Patients And Professionals A resource for travel medicine health professionals and the public. Provides an overview of the disease, Category Health Conditions and Diseases Parasitic malaria......malaria and Health is a comprehensive malaria resource for both healthcare professionalsand the public intending to visit endemic areas or residing in such http://www.malariaandhealth.com/

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54. AllAfrica.com: Malaria Links to malariarelated stories in the African media. http://allafrica.com/malaria/

Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Comoros Congo-Brazzaville Congo-Kinshasa Côte d'Ivoire Djibouti Egypt Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Ethiopia Gabon Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea Bissau Kenya Lesotho Liberia Libya Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Morocco Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Rwanda Sao Tomé and Principé Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia South Africa Sudan Swaziland Tanzania Togo Tunisia Uganda Western Sahara Zambia Zimbabwe Site Français Site Guide Content Partners Advertising back Malaria Top News Malaria Latest News more March 25 South Africa: Tourism Looks Up As Malaria Loses Its Sting in KZN 91% reduction in the disease hailed as victory for province Sunday Times March 24 Gambia: Malaria Meeting Wraps Up A sub-regional meeting on malaria, which attracts participants from Health for Peace Initiative (HIPC) member countries, recently ended at Kairaba Beach Hotel. Independent(Banjul) March 18 Uganda: Malaria Declines THE ministry of Health has recorded a reduction in malaria cases this month although a total of 23 deaths occurred in five districts. New Vision Kenya: Ministry Prepares to Battle Malaria The Ministry of Health has dispatched a consignment of spraying chemicals and equipment worth Sh700,000 to public health institutions in the North Rift region to combat malaria outbreak.

55. Malaria Research And Reference Reagent Resource Center (MR4) The malaria Research and Reference Reagent Resource Center (MR4) was establishedto provide a central source of quality controlled malariarelated reagents and http://www.malaria.mr4.org/

Malaria Research and Reference Reagent Resource Center Sponsored by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases General Basic Operations Functional Scope FAQ ... NIAID The Malaria Research and Reference Reagent Resource Center (MR4) was established to provide a central source of quality controlled malaria-related reagents and information to the international malaria research community. An international Advisory Committee has been established to provide guidance to this Resource Center on such issues as prioritizing reagent acquisition and to serve as a liaison to the malaria research community. Materials available to qualified, registered users include parasites, mosquito vectors, antibodies, antigens, gene libraries, molecular probes and constructs. See either our Search Database or the CDC Vector program for materials available to qualified, registered users. An overview of other NIAID malaria research activities can be found on the NIAID Home Page Workshops and Training programs are updated continuously. Click on our Workshop page to see the most current information. We would like to hear from you directly if you are interested in providing reagents or have a specific reagent request that is not in our catalog. Please contact us directly at

56. Travel Health Care Index.html Advice on topics such as vaccination, malaria, insects, news, and events. Also a Sydneybased clinic offering travel medicine and vaccination services. http://www.vaccinations.com.au/

57. The History Of Malaria THE HISTORY OF malaria. Main source of information The malaria Capers by RobertS. Desowitz To explore other links on malaria Updated April 4, 1996. http://www.idrc.ca/books/reports/1996/01-05e.html

THE HISTORY OF MALARIA Main source of information: The Malaria Capers by Robert S. Desowitz Deadly fevers - probably malaria - have been recorded since the beginning of the written word (6000-5500 B.C.) References can be found in the Vedic writings of 1600 B.C. in India and by Hippocrates some 2500 years ago. There are no references to malaria in the "medical books" of the Mayans or Aztecs. It is likely that European settlers and slavery brought malaria to the New World and the awaiting anophelines within the last 500 years. Quinine, a toxic plant alkaloid made from the bark of the Cinchona tree in South America, was used to treat malaria more than 350 years ago. Jesuit missionaries in South America learned of the anti-malarial properties of the bark of the Cinchona tree and had introduced it into Europe by the 1630s and into India by 1657. Malaria existed in parts of the United States from colonial times to the 1940s. One of the first military expenditures of the Continental Congress, around 1775, was for $300 to buy quinine to protect General Washington's troops. In the summer of 1828 "swamp fever" broke out in the settlement of Bytown (Ottawa) and along the construction route of the Rideau Canal. According to some accounts, the "malaria" was not native to North America but had been introduced by infected British soldiers who had returned from India. Numerous deaths had occurred by the time the epidemic subsided in September when the mosquitoes disappeared.

58. Malaria: The Disease Children are particularly vulnerable to malaria. malaria A DEADLYDISEASE. To explore other links on malaria Updated April 4, 1996. http://www.idrc.ca/books/reports/1996/01-08e.html

Children are particularly vulnerable to malaria MALARIA: A DEADLY DISEASE Malaria is a potentially deadly tropical disease characterized by cyclical bouts of fever with muscle stiffness, shaking and sweating. It is caused by a tiny parasite (genus Plasmodium ) that is transmitted by the female mosquito (genus Anopheles ) when it feeds on blood for its developing eggs. Severe malaria is not readily distinguishable from other severe diseases, such as pneumonia typhoid and meningitis that require very different therapy. Almost all vertebrates, birds, snakes and monkeys, for example, can be infected by Plasmodium (malaria) parasites. Different animal species can only be infected by their own specific species of Plasmodium Humans are generally host to four species of malaria parasites: Plasmodium falciparum Plasmodium vivax Plasmodium ovale , and Plasmodium malariae Plasmodium falciparum causes the most dangerous complications, such as cerebral malaria. It is the species that is most virulent and potentially lethal to humans. Because of its dependence on human/vector (mosquito) contact, malaria is considered to be a disease of poverty. Poor people can be physically marginalized and live closer to degraded land and conditions where mosquitoes thrive. They are also less likely to have physical barriers such as screens or nets to protect them and they often lack the education and resources to access proper care and treatment.

59. AMVTN Home Page A forum for scientists and policy makers involved in the planning, coordination and execution of malaria vaccination trials in Africa. http://www.amvtn.org/

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60. The Global Fund To Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis And Malaria The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis malaria Funding the fight against thediseases of poverty. HIV/AIDS, TB and malaria are the world's great killers. http://www.globalfundatm.org/

Home THE FUND Overview Principles NGOs and Civil Society Private Sector ... FAQ THE ISSUES HIV/AIDS Tuberculosis Malaria Technical Resources ... Site Map Funding the fight against the diseases of poverty A statement from the Chairman of the Board on World Tuberculosis Day (March 24 2003) GLOBAL FUND'S THIRD CALL FOR PROPOSALS The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria calls for a third round of proposals to be made before May 31 2003. Press release Global Fund's 4th Board Meeting Nearly 100 proposals from 60 countries totalling US$883 million over the first two years were approved during the Global Fund's 4th Board meeting in Geneva January 29-31. View a photo gallery of participants Read the opening address from Richard Feachem , Executive Director of the Global Fund.

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