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         Megaloblastic Anemia:     more detail
  1. Nutritional Anemias: Scurvy, Pernicious Anemia, Iron Deficiency Anemia, Folate Deficiency, Megaloblastic Anemia
  2. The Megaloblastic Anemias by L.J. Davis, Alexander Brown, 1953
  3. Megaloblastic Anemia
  4. The Megaloblastic Anemias. Modern Medical Monographs 18 by M D, Victor Herbert, 1959
  5. Anemia: An entry from Thomson Gale's <i>Gale Encyclopedia of Science, 3rd ed.</i> by Larry Blaser, 2004
  6. HealthScouter Anemia: Symptoms of Anemia and Signs of Anemia: Anemia Patient Advocate (HealthScouter Anemia)
  7. Nutritional megaloblastic anemias (Diagnostic criteria) by John J Will, 1966
  8. Idiopathic chronic megaloblastic anemia in children (Acta paediatrica. Supplementum) by Olga Imerslund, 1959
  9. Megaloblastic anaemia by V. I Mathan, 1967
  10. Gale Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine: Vitamin B<SUB>12</SUB> by Judith Turner, 2001-01-01
  11. The Megaloblastic Anaemias by I. Chanarin, 1991-01-15
  12. Folates and Cobalamines by J. A. Zittoun, 1989-09

81. Haematologica - May 2002 - 550
The characteristics of megaloblastic anemia associated with thalassemia JieYuYou, Chih-Cheng Chen, En-Kwang Lin, Chao-Hung Ho Correspondence Prof.
http://www.haematologica.org/2002_05/550.htm

82. Specialty Laboratories
4994, megaloblastic anemia AssessR ™. S41055, megaloblastic anemia Panel. S44050,megaloblastic anemia Panel Urine. S49274, Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone 010421.
http://www.specialtylabs.com/test/display.asp?letter=m

83. Health Conditions And Diseases Blood Disorders Anemia Megaloblastic Polish Yello
Adam.com An Overview- A look at megaloblastic anemia, its causes,incidence and risk factors. Berkeley Campus- An overview of
http://www.yellowpages.pl/ca/441427/Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/Blood_Disorde
>English Version
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  • Adam.com - An Overview - A look at megaloblastic anemia, its causes, incidence and risk factors. Berkeley Campus - An overview of megaloblastic anemia, absorption of vitamin B12, Vitamin B12 in Erythropoiesis and references. Genetic Mutations Linked to Rare Metabolic Disease - Columbus, Ohio: Researchers have identified two mutations in a single gene as the cause of a rare disease, megaloblastic anemia. HealthGate - Folic acid deficiency. Basic information, treatment, signs, symptoms, risk factors and when to call the doctor for megaloblastic anemia. Megaloblastic Anemia - An article by Thomas G. DeLoughery, Associate Professor of Medicine discussing all aspects of this disorder. University of Queensland - Haematological profile, diagnosis and treatment of megaloblastic anemia. Vitamin B12 deficiency and frolic acid deficiency.

84. Macrocytic Anemia
MCH is ­ and can be divided into to two groups 1) megaloblastic anemia2) nonmegaloblastic. Non megaloblastic anemias. Accelerated
http://umed.med.utah.edu/ms2/hemotolgy/outlines/Macrocytic Anemia.htm
Macrocytic Anemia
Def Increase in the average volume of RBC in all dimensions w/ the amount of Hb (MCHC N), but the MCH is and can be divided into to two groups: 1) megaloblastic anemia 2) non-megaloblastic
Non Megaloblastic Anemias
Accelerated Erythropoiesis Memb Surface Refractory Anemia Other Hemolytic Anemia Liver Disease Myelodysplastic ETOH post hemorrhagic anemia obstructive jaudice myelophthisic Hypothyroid aplastic anemia Elderly
Megaloblastic Anemias
Vitamin B Deficiency Def Vitamin B12 resembles has cobalt in the heme position and humans require 1 g / day to maintain stores. The greatest store is in the liver and it can maintain this store for 5 years. When we eat Vitamin B12 stomach releases IF from the parietal cells complexes w/ cobalamin + IF + Vit B12 where its absorbed into the ileum + transferred to the tissues z IF can be inhibited by H2 blockers z Megaloblastic anemia is caused by slowed DNA synthesis b/c B12 is required to convert homocysteine to methionine which can donate a CH group to to untrap folate DNA syn Also Methionine is a precursor to SAM which maintain myelin = CNS problems
Pernicious Anemia
Def Chronic illness due to the lack of IF in stomach resulting in malabsorbtion of B12 caused by an autoimmune attack on parietal cells.

85. WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF ANEMIA?
Symptoms of megaloblastic anemia and its Causes. Symptoms of MegaloblasticAnemia. The symptoms of megaloblastic anemia from vitamin
http://www.ucdmc.ucdavis.edu/ucdhs/health/a-z/57Anemia/doc57symptoms.html
WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF ANEMIA?
Common Symptoms
Symptoms of anemia vary depending on the severity of the condition. Anemia may occur without symptoms and be detected only during a medical examination that includes a blood test. When they occur, symptoms may include the following:
  • Weakness and fatigue are the most common symptoms of even mild anemia. (Even iron deficiency without anemia can reduce working capacity in some people.)
  • Shortness of breath on exertion.
  • Rapid heartbeat.
  • Lightheadedness or dizziness.
  • Headache.
  • Ringing in the ears (tinnitus).
  • Irritability and other mood disturbances.
  • Pale skin (it should be noted, however, that healthy-looking skin color does not rule out anemia if a patient has risk factors and other symptoms of anemia) .
  • Restless leg syndrome and other sleep disturbances.
  • Mental confusion.
  • Loss of sexual drive.
Unusual Symptoms
Pica. One odd symptom, and in some cases a cause of iron deficiency is pica . This is the habit of eating unusual substances, such as ice (called pagophagia ), clay, cardboard, foods that crunch, or raw starch. For example, in one study, half of people whose pica took the form of pagophagia (eating at least one tray of ice every day for two months) or eating foods that crunch (such as raw potatoes, carrots, or celery) were iron deficient. The pica often stops, particularly in children, when iron supplements are given. Pica is difficult to detect because patients are often ashamed to admit to such cravings.

86. Macrocytic - Megaloblastic Anemia
Approach to Macrocytic /megaloblastic anemia. By In most surveys, themost common cause of macrocytosis is megaloblastic anemia. In
http://enotes.tripod.com/anemia-macrocytic.htm
TOC HEME Approach to Macrocytic /Megaloblastic Anemia By means of morphologic and biochemical criteria, macrocytic anemias can be divided into two groups:
  • The megaloblastic anemias ( the presence of hypersegmented neutrophils and oval macrocytes in the blood or of typical megaloblasts in the marrow
  • The nonmegaloblastic anemias (they simply represent macrocytic anemias in which DNA synthesis is unimpaired. They are macrocytic only occasionally; often they are normocytic. When macrocytosis is found, it tends to be mild; the MCV usually ranges from 100 to 110 fL and rarely exceeds 120 fL) Diagnostic Approach When confronted with a diagnostic problem involving macrocytic anemia, the physician should first try to distinguish between megaloblastic and nonmegaloblastic anemia. The most useful steps for this purpose are morphologic examinations. A diagnosis of megaloblastic anemia can be made on the basis of the presence of hypersegmented neutrophils and oval macrocytes in the blood or of typical megaloblasts in the marrow
    These features are absent in patients with nonmegaloblastic, macrocytic anemia
  • 87. References
    and iron deficiency. Pathology 1974; 6107117; Spivak JL Maskedmegaloblastic anemia. Arch Intern Med 1982; 1422111-2114; Green R
    http://www.medscape.com/content/2000/00/41/04/410469/410469_ref.html
    References for: Folate and Vitamin B12-Deficiency Anemias in Vietnamese Immigrants Living in Southern California
  • US Committee for Refugees, Immigration and Refugee Services of America. Refugee Reports 1995; 12:10-11
  • Fairbanks VF, Gilchrist GS, Brimhall B, et al: Hemoglobin E trait reexamined: a cause of microcytosis and erythrocytosis. Blood 1979; 53:109-115
  • Hurst D, Tittle B, Kleman KM, et al: Anemia and hemoglobinopathies in Southeast Asian refugee children. J Pediatr 1983; 102:692-697
  • Dode C, Berth A, Bourdillon F, et al: Haemoglobin disorders among Southeast-Asian refugees in France. Acta haematol 1987; 78:135-136
  • Wintrobe MM: Anemia classification and treatment on the basis of differences in the average value and hemoglobin content of the red corpuscles. Arch Intern Med 1934; 54:256-280
  • Wheeler LA, Brecher G, Sheiner LB: Clinical laboratory use in the evaluation of anemia. JAMA 1977; 238:2709-2714
  • Griner PF, Oranberg PR: Predictive values of erythrocyte indices for tests of iron, folic acid, and vitamin B deficiency. Am J Clin Pathol 1978; 70:748-752
  • 88. RBC Disorders-Megaloblastic Anemia
    RBC disordersmegaloblastic anemia Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia (1) 1, 2.
    http://cpl.yonsei.ac.kr/hema/d-r-a-b12.htm
    RBC disorders-Megaloblastic anemia
    Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia (1)
    È­»ìÇ¥: Howell-Jolly bodies È­»ìÇ¥: Howell-Jolly bodies È­»ìÇ¥: Howell-Jolly bodies, ¿ø : Hypersegmented neutrophil, »ç°¢Çü : Macroovalocytes

    89. Megaloblastic Anemia - Overview
    megaloblastic anemia. Alternative names Anemia megaloblastic. Deficiencies of vitaminB-12 and folic acid are the most common causes of megaloblastic anemia.
    http://www.wfubmc.edu/besthealth/ency/article/000567.htm
    Click here for more
    Health Information from:
    Disease Injury ... Prevention Megaloblastic anemia Alternative names: Anemia - megaloblastic Definition: A blood disorder characterized by red blood cells that are larger than normal, low white blood count , and low platelet count resulting from a deficiency of folic acid or vitamin B-12 Causes, incidence, and risk factors: Deficiencies of vitamin B-12 and folic acid are the most common causes of megaloblastic anemia. Other causes are leukemia myelofibrosis multiple myeloma , certain hereditary disorders, drugs that affect nucleic acid metabolism such as chemotherapy agents (methotrexate), and other causes. Risk factors relate to the causes. (See also pernicious anemia Acquired On: 1/1/97 Acquired From: Mosby Publishing Company The information provided herein should not be used for diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. It is provided for your general information and is not a substitute for medical care or supervised medical treatment. A licensed physician should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. adam.com is a founding member of Hi-Ethics (http://www.hiethics.com)

    90. Health Library - Anemia, Megaloblastic
    Anemia, Megaloblastic. megaloblastic anemia is a rare blood disorder characterizedby the presence of large, abnormal, immature red blood cells (megaloblasts).
    http://www.laurushealth.com/library/healthguide/illnessconditions/topic.asp?hwid

    91. Hemic And Lymphatic Diseases
    Anemia, Megaloblastic megaloblastic anemia Adam, via MedlinePlus;megaloblastic anemia I Mackay - Haematology Down Under (AU);
    http://www.mic.ki.se/Diseases/c15.html
    search help staff
    Hemic and Lymphatic Diseases
    Patients and laypersons looking for guidance among the target sources of this collection of links are strongly advised to review the information retrieved with their professional health care provider. Alphabetical List of Diseases

    Search PubMed at NCBI/NLM

    92. Megaloblastic (Pernicious) Anemia -Blood Diseases & Disorders
    A definition of pernicious anemia, the causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment are discussed.Category Health Conditions and Diseases anemia Pernicious......Blood Diseases. megaloblastic (Pernicious) anemia. What is megaloblastic(pernicious) anemia? What causes megaloblastic (pernicious) anemia?
    http://www.umm.edu/blood/aneper.htm

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    Megaloblastic (Pernicious) Anemia
    What is megaloblastic (pernicious) anemia?
    Megaloblastic (pernicious) anemia is a rare disorder in which the body does not absorb enough vitamin B12 from the digestive tract, resulting in an inadequate amount of red blood cells (RBCs) produced. What causes megaloblastic (pernicious) anemia?
    Megaloblastic (pernicious) anemia is more common in individuals of northern European descent. Megaloblastic (pernicious) anemia results from a lack of intrinsic factor in gastric secretions (a substance needed to absorb vitamin B12 from the gastrointestinal tract). Vitamin B12 deficiency results. The inability to make intrinsic factor may be the result of chronic gastritis, or the result of a gastrectomy (removal of all or part of the stomach). Megaloblastic (pernicious) anemia may also be associated with type 1 diabetes, thyroid disease, and a family history of the disease. What are the symptoms of megaloblastic (pernicious) anemia?

    93. Megaloblastic (Pernicious) Anemia - Lucile Packard Children's Hospital
    Treatment for megaloblastic (pernicious) anemia Specific treatment for megaloblasticanemia will be determined by your child's physician based on
    http://www.lpch.org/DiseaseHealthInfo/HealthLibrary/hematology/megalob.html
    Bone Marrow Transplantation
    Hematology

    Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

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    Megaloblastic (Pernicious) Anemia
    What is megaloblastic (pernicious) anemia?
    Megaloblastic anemia, also called pernicious anemia, is a type of anemia characterized by very large red blood cells. In addition to the cells being large, the inner contents of each cell are not completely developed. This malformation causes the bone marrow to produce fewer cells, and sometimes the cells die earlier than the 120-day life expectancy. Instead of being round or disc-shaped, the red blood cells can be oval. What causes megaloblastic (pernicious) anemia? There are many causes of megaloblastic anemia, but the most common source in children occurs from a vitamin deficiency of folic acid. Other sources of megaloblastic anemia include the following:
    • digestive diseases Certain diseases of the lower digestive tract can lead to megaloblastic anemia. These include celiac disease, chronic infectious enteritis, and enteroenteric fistulas. malabsorption Inherited congenital folate malabsorption, a genetic problem in which infants cannot absorb folic acid in their intestines, can lead to megaloblastic anemia. This requires early intensive treatment to prevent long term problems such as mental retardation.

    94. Loyola Univ. Health Sys. - Blood Disorders - Megaloblastic (Pernicious) Anemia
    megaloblastic (Pernicious) anemia. What is megaloblastic (pernicious) anemia?megaloblastic What causes megaloblastic (pernicious) anemia? megaloblastic
    http://www.luhs.org/health/topics/blood/aneper.htm
    What is anemia? Anemia is a common blood disorder, which is caused when there is a drop in hemoglobin or hematocrit in the blood.
    • Hemoglobin is the part of blood that distributes oxygen from the lungs to tissues in the body. Hematocrit is the measurement of the percentage of red blood cells found in a specific volume of blood. Anemia is usually a symptom of a disease rather than a disease itself.
    Anemia may be a symptom of another disease. The following are the most common symptoms of anemia. However, each individual may experience symptoms differently. Symptoms may include:
    • abnormal paleness or lack of color of the skin
    • increased heart rate (tachycardia)
    • breathlessness, or difficulty catching a breath (dyspnea)

    95. OHSU Health.com - Blood Disorders
    What is megaloblastic (pernicious) anemia? megaloblastic (pernicious RBCs)produced. What causes megaloblastic (pernicious) anemia?
    http://www.ohsuhealth.com/blood/aneper.asp?sub=1&sub2=1

    96. Vitamin B-9
    Properties and Uses. Folic acid is used in treating nutritional megaloblasticanemia (formerly known as pernicious anemia) caused by folate deficiency.
    http://www.springboard4health.com/notebook/v_b9.html
    Vitamin B-9
    VITAMIN B-9
    (FOLIC ACID/FOLACIN)
    DESCRIPTION
    Many substances give rise to folic acid (vitamin B-9). However, the use of the term is limited to pteroylmonoglutamate. Pteroylmonoglutamate is the form from which the active coenzymes are derived. The larger group of substances that give rise to folacin in the body are known as folates. Folacin plays an essential role in metabolism, in particular in rapidly proliferating cells, such as red blood cells, white blood cells, or cells of the intestinal mucous membrane. Several of folacin's biochemical functions involve blood formation. Folacin is an important constituent of the enzyme tetrahydrofolic acid which plays a role in the synthesis of various chemical components of DNA and RNA nucleoproteins. Method of Action Tetrahydrofolic acid is a folic acid enzyme that acts as a carrier for single carbon groups (i.e., methyl groups) from one substance to another. It is of primary importance in the synthesis of purine and pyrimidine bases which are constituents of DNA and RNA. Tetrahydrofolic acid also plays a role in the formation of methionine from its precursor homocystine; in the formation of choline from its precursor ethanolamine; the synthesis of histidine, and its conversion to glutamic acid.

    97. Hematopathology
    The CBC here shows a markedly increased MCV, typical for megaloblasticanemia. The MCV can be mildly increased in persons recovering
    http://medlib.med.utah.edu/WebPath/HEMEHTML/HEME025.html
    The CBC here shows a markedly increased MCV, typical for megaloblastic anemia. The MCV can be mildly increased in persons recovering from blood loss or hemolytic anemia, because the newly released RBC's, the reticulocytes, are increased in size over normal RBC's, which decrease in size slightly with aging.

    98. Congress Of Gastroenterologsits Of Bosnia, Abstracts
    Back. MEAN CELLULAR VOLUME (MCV) AND LACTAT DEHYDROGENASE (LDH) IN DIAGNOSIS OF MEGALOBLASTICANEMIA Jasmina BerbiæFazlagiæ, Zlatko Roboviæ, Aida Dizdareviæ
    http://www.gastrosa.net/congress/61.htm

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