21. NEPHROTIC SYNDROME nephrotic syndrome may occur when the filtering units of the kidney are damaged. This damage allows protein normally kept in the plasma to leak into the urine in large amounts, which reduces the amount of protein in your blood. http://www.kidney.org/general/atoz/content/Nephrotic.html

Nephrotic Syndrome Nephrotic syndrome may occur when the filtering units of the kidney are damaged. This damage allows protein normally kept in the plasma to leak into the urine in large amounts, which reduces the amount of protein in your blood. Since the protein part of the blood helps to keep fluid in the bloodstream, some of this fluid leaks out of the bloodstream into your tissues, causing swelling, called edema. The swelling may be most noticeable in your legs after you have been standing and in the tissue under your eyes when you first get up in the morning. Eventually, the swelling in your legs may be there all the time, and it may also occur in other parts of your body. You may notice that your urine foams more than usual because of the amount of protein in it. How is nephrotic syndrome diagnosed? Your doctor can detect protein in your urine with a routine urine analysis and get a rough idea about the amount of protein in your urine by a test that can be done in the office. Diagnosis of the nephrotic syndrome is made by collecting urine for 24 hours and measuring the amount of protein in it. Nephrotic syndrome may also cause an increase in fat in your blood. This can only be found by a blood test done by your doctor. What causes nephrotic syndrome?

22. NEPHROTIC SYNDROME nephrotic syndrome A type of nephritis that is characterized by low serum albumin, large amount of protein in the http://www.medhelp.org/glossary/new/gls_3029.htm

Welcome to .... Advertisement NEPHROTIC SYNDROME - A type of nephritis that is characterized by low serum albumin , large amount of protein in the urine, and swelling ( edema ). Swelling, weight gain, high blood pressure , and anorexia are key features. Nephrotic syndrome can be seen with a number of illness that cause damage to the kidney glomerulus . Examples include diabetes , hereditary disorders, lupus multiple myeloma amyloidosis glomerulonephritis ... minimal change disease , and membranous glomerulonephritis Med Help International Search Ask the Doctor Forums ... Patient Network The medical glossary has been made possible by a generous donation from: (revised: 1996) Advertisement

23. Nephrotic Syndrome - General Practice Notebook Clinicallyoriented information. http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/MedwebPage.cfm?ID=-1167392767

24. Nephrotic Syndrome Index Tubulointerstitial. Tumors. Other. nephrotic syndrome. 072A. Lipoid Nephrosis (low) http://oac.med.jhmi.edu/Pathology/Viewer/NephrSynIndex.html

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25. Nephrotic Syndrome (NS) - Diagnosis & Treatment - Nephrologychannel kidney biopsy. Nonspecific treatment of nephrotic syndrome is aimedat complications like hypertension. Specific treatment addresses http://www.nephrologychannel.com/nephrotic/diagnosis.shtml

Home Search SiteMap Ask the Dr. ... Medical Store advertisement advertisement NEPHROTIC SYNDROME (NS) Overview Causes Diagnosis Treatment CONDITIONS Acute Glomerulonephritis (AGN) Acute Interstitial Nephritis (AIN) Acute Renal Failure (ARF) Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN) Chronic Renal Failure Diabetic Nephropathy Hematuria Ischemic Nephropathy ... Nephrotic Syndrome (NS) Polycystic Kidney Disease Microalbuminuria Renal Artery Stenosis (RAS) Renal Vascular Hypertension (RVH) TREATMENT OPTIONS Hemodialysis Peritoneal Dialysis Kidney Transplant RELATED CONDITIONS Electrolyte Imbalance Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS) Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP) RESOURCES Anatomy Links Clinical Trials Videos ABOUT US Healthcommunities.com Pressroom Testimonial Bibliography Diagnosis In addition to a physical examination and the assessment of family health history, the following three tests are used to make a diagnosis: Blood analysis Urinalysis Kidney biopsy Blood analysis often shows high cholesterol levels and low albumin. BUN and creatinine may or may not be elevated. If bun and creatinine are elevated the patient has renal failure and the prognosis is worse. Evaluation of the urine by a simple urine dipstick in the office can give preliminary information on the amount of protein in the urine. However, this test is a qualitative test. In order to determine the actual amount of protein in the urine, a 24-hour quantitative test must be done, which indicates levels of protein and creatinine in the urine. Often, a comparison of protein to creatinine based on a single sample is used to determine 24-hour protein loss. This is helpful for quicker results or when the patient cannot collect urine over 24 hours.

26. Nephrotic Syndrome Parent's Place An explanation as to what this is and about the organization itself. Resources for further research. http://www.nephrotic-syndrome.org/

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27. Nephrotic Syndrome Hub Links to information and resources. http://www.genomelink.org/nephrotic

28. Congenital Nephrotic Syndrome Congenital nephrotic syndrome Congenital nephrotic syndrome is diagnosedat or soon after birth. It can have one of several causes http://cnserver0.nkf.med.ualberta.ca/nephkids/congenital nephrotic syndrome.htm

Congenital Nephrotic Syndrome Congenital nephrotic syndrome is diagnosed at or soon after birth. It can have one of several causes, the most common, though all are rare, of the rare different types is congenital nephrotic syndrome of the Finnish type, named such because it is more common in Finland than anywhere in the world. As I think many of you know, nephrotic syndrome is a group of signs and symptoms and not a diagnosis in itself. It consists of 1) losing a large amount of protein in the urine (proteinuria or albuminuria), so that 2) blood protein levels, especially albumin, which is a small protein, are low (hypoproteinemia or hypoalbuminemia, 3) swelling (edema) results, and 4) blood cholesterol levels are high. The small blood vessels are not water tight, and what keeps water in the blood vessels is the sponge-like effect of protein (mainly of albumin), which is called oncotic pressure. The defect that starts it all is in the kidney filters, where something goes wrong and they

29. MEDLINEplus Medical Encyclopedia: Nephrotic Syndrome nephrotic syndrome. nephrotic syndrome is caused by various disorders which damagethe kidneys, particularly to the basement membrane of the glomerulus. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000490.htm

Skip navigation Medical Encyclopedia Other encyclopedia topics: A-Ag Ah-Ap Aq-Az B-Bk ... Z Nephrotic syndrome Contents of this page: Illustrations Alternative names Definition Causes, incidence, and risk factors ... Prevention Illustrations Male urinary system Alternative names Return to top Nephrosis Definition Return to top A constellation of signs and symptoms including protein in the urine (exceeding 3.5 grams/day), low blood protein levels, high cholesterol levels and swelling edema ). The urine may also contain fat which is visible under the microscope. Causes, incidence, and risk factors Return to top Nephrotic syndrome is caused by various disorders which damage the kidneys, particularly to the basement membrane of the glomerulus. This immediately causes abnormal excretion of protein in the urine The most common cause in children is minimal change disease , while membranous glomerulonephritis is the most common cause in adults. This condition can also occur as a result of infection, drug exposure, malignancy , hereditary disorders, immune disorders, or diseases that affect multiple body systems including diabetes systemic lupus erythematosus multiple myeloma , and amyloidosis . It can accompany kidney disorders, including

30. MEDLINEplus Medical Encyclopedia: Congenital Nephrotic Syndrome Congenital nephrotic syndrome. Alternative names Return to top Nephroticsyndrome congenital. Definition Return to top Congenital http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001576.htm

Skip navigation Medical Encyclopedia Other encyclopedia topics: A-Ag Ah-Ap Aq-Az B-Bk ... Z Congenital nephrotic syndrome Contents of this page: Illustrations Alternative names Definition Causes, incidence, and risk factors ... Calling your health care provider Illustrations Female urinary tract Male urinary tract Alternative names Return to top Nephrotic syndrome - congenital Definition Return to top Congenital nephrotic syndrome is an inherited disorder characterized by protein in the urine and swelling of the body (see also Nephrotic syndrome Causes, incidence, and risk factors Return to top Congenital nephrotic syndrome is a very rare form of nephrotic syndrome . It occurs primarily in families of Finnish origin and develops shortly after birth. It is an inherited disorder. The condition is caused by a protein called nephrin which is found in the kidney and is abnormal in children with the disorder. Proteins and fats are excreted in the urine, and there is an abnormally high fat level in the blood. Swelling occurs from the effects of kidney failure , combined with the loss of blood protein . This is because proteins in the blood normally keep fluids in the blood stream, and when protein level is low, the fluid can leak into the body tissues.

31. WebMD/Lycos - Health Guide Offers information about nephrotic syndrome. Covers details such as alternate names, a definition, causes, incidence and risk factors, symptoms, signs and tests, treatment, prognosis, complications and when to call a doctor. http://webmd.lycos.com/content/asset/adam_disease_ellis_type_ii

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32. Nephrotic Syndrome nephrotic syndrome. from EdREN, the website of the Renal Unit of theRoyal Infirmary of Edinburgh. What is nephrotic syndrome? http://renux.dmed.ed.ac.uk/EdREN/EdRenINFObits/NephroticShort.html

33. Nephrotic Syndrome Parent's Place An explanation as to what this is and about the organization itself. Resources for further research.Category Health Conditions and Diseases nephrotic syndrome......nephrotic syndrome parents place. A place for parents of children whosuffers from nephrotic syndrome. german flag Deutsche Version http://nephrotic-syndrome.org/

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34. Treatment Of Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome In Children Treatment of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in children. (See card Mechanism andtreatmend of edema in nephrotic syndrome for a review of these issues). http://nephrotic-syndrome.org/disease/treatment.php

[members only] [home] [subscribe to kid_comm] [get access data] ... [forgott access data?] The disease Interrelationship Medical Summary about MCNS Treatment of the ... sindrome nefrosica (italiano) About us How it all began (our history) Persons behind the tasks Experiences of a mother Poems from and ... a german impressum Resources Description of the closed part Our mailinglists FAQ about the kid_comm list ... Our public forum Miscelanous Some general Infos (FAQs) The approvement workflow Site map external Links The nephcure foundation. A foundation who cares about to find a way to cure the nephrotic-syndrome. Conventional Therapy (English and german) Dialysis Online ... About the maker of this site Treatment of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in children from UpToDate in Medicine * (800) 998-6374 * (617) 237-478 Patrick Niaudet, MD Mar 4,1996 I n most children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome, light microscopy shows relatively normal glomeruli while electron microscopy demonstrates diffuse foot process fusion, Immunofluorescence microscopy shows no immunoglobulin or complement deposition, This disorder is called minimal change disease; it accounts for approximately 90 percent of cases under the age of 10 more than 50 percent in older children [1]. However, other patterns have been identified, including focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FGS), diffuse mesangial proliferation,and IgM deposition with or without C3. (See card "Causes of focal glomerulosclerosis" and see card "Minimal change variants: Mesangial proliferation; IgM nephropathy; C1q nephropathy").

35. The Australian Kidney Foundation Explains what nephrotic syndrome is, the causes, the types, treatment and complications. http://www.kidney.org.au/renal_resources/fact_sheets/nephrotic_in_children.asp

Nephrotic syndrome occurs when the filters in the kidney leak an excessive amount of protein. The level of protein in the blood then falls and this allows fluid to leak across very small blood vessels into the tissues. Swelling around the eyes, abdomen and legs is a consequence of this process. Protein in the body is normally made by the liver and the liver then responds by producing extra protein. Nephrotic syndrome is a combination of proteinuria (excessive protein in the urine), low blood protein and oedema (swelling in the tissues). Most cases of nephrotic syndrome are caused by changes in the immune system. Certain types of white cell may produce substances that act on the filters in the kidney to produce a change in the filter permeability or leakiness. This allows protein to leak into the urine. Other forms of nephrotic syndrome are caused by increased numbers of inflammatory and other cells in the filters also making them leaky. In some instances this may result it permanent damage to the filters. The commonest type of nephrotic syndrome in children is called "minimal change" and occurs in 80% of cases. In this type the kidney function remains normal. A small percentage of children may have partial scarring involving some of their filters, while others may have a significant increase in the number of cells in the filters.

36. The NephCure Foundation - Working To Save Kidneys Threatened By Glomerular Injur Information on research, treatment and coping with nephrotic syndrome and FSGS. http://www.nephcure.org

Submit your email address here and we'll let you know when this site is updated. The NephCure Foundation Washington Building, Suite 6 101 Route 130 Cinnaminson, NJ 08077 NephCure Seminar Goes West Space Needle The NephCure Foundation is hitting the road and taking its patient education seminar, "News for Nephrotics," to Seattle this spring. As CREED Cheers Them On, Family Rocks Against FSGS Jeffrey Monica Meets With CREED The Monicas of CA Tell Why They Have Joined the NephCure Cause Learn About Nephrotic Syndrome, FSGS in New 2-Hour Video With Experts Top Docs Give Details and New Answers to Patients and Families Coming from Nephcure: More Patient Seminars and Stories NephCure, Feds to Fund Important Genetic Studies Employees Are Doubling Some Gifts to Foundation Incoming!! More Personal Stories From Patients, NCF Supporters Now You Can Donate to NCF Electronically Click Here New Executive Director Welcomes Challenge Henry Brehm Henry Brehm has been named executive director of the NephCure Foundation. Pat's Tennis Group Scores High With Gift How a 70th Birthday Party Helped NCF Radio Muscles: Why NCF Got Mega PR ... Radio PSA-2 Hear Dr. Craig Wax Interview NephCure's Lou and Chrissy Antosh Radio Show: Part 1 Radio Show: Part 2 Radio Show: Part 3 Parent Finds New "Family" At Recent NephCure Seminar

37. Nephrotic Syndrome - Urological Disorders Health Guide nephrotic syndrome. What is nephrotic syndrome? nephrotic syndrome is a conditionoften marked by the following very high levels of protein in the urine; http://www.umm.edu/urology-info/nephsyn.htm

Urological Disorders Urogenital Disorders... Analgesic Nephropathy Cystocele ... Site Index Related Resources Within UMM Urology Urological Disorders Nephrotic Syndrome What is nephrotic syndrome? Nephrotic syndrome is a condition often marked by the following: very high levels of protein in the urine low levels of protein in the blood swelling, especially around the eyes, feet, and hands high cholesterol What causes nephrotic syndrome? Generally, nephrotic syndrome results from damage to the kidneys' glomeruli the tiny blood vessels that filter waste and excess water from the blood and send them to the bladder as urine although some causes remain unknown. Nephrotic syndrome may occur with many diseases, including the kidney diseases caused by type 2 diabetes. Prevention of nephrotic syndrome relies on controlling these diseases. How is nephrotic syndrome often treated? Treatment generally focuses on identifying the underlying cause, if possible, and reducing the following (often through diet, medications, or both): high cholesterol blood pressure protein in urine Consult your physician to determine if an underlying cause for your condition can be identified. Only after this determination is made can an appropriate treatment protocol be established.

38. Childhood Nephrotic Syndrome This 24page booklet was produced by The Kidney Foundation of Canada as an informationtool for parents of children suffering from nephrotic syndrome. http://www.kidney.ca/cns-e.htm

This 24-page booklet was produced by The Kidney Foundation of Canada as an information tool for parents of children suffering from nephrotic syndrome. The booklet covers major topics on the management and treatment of this syndrome, and is available in English and French. A table of contents appears below. Introduction What is nephrotic syndrome? An overview... A bit more detail... What is the course of the disease? Who is affected? What causes nephrotic syndrome? What is the treatment? Steroid drugs (prednisone) Possible side effects of steroids Does steroid treatment always work? What is a kidney biopsy? Other treatment How long will my child have nephrotic syndrome? How can I help in my child's treatment? Do home urine testing Take your child for regular check-ups Choose healthy foods Plan sports and leisure activities Consider Medic Alert identification When should I get in touch with the doctor? Are there any support groups? Where can I obtain more information? Useful telephone numbers ... Acknowledgments This booklet is provided free of charge to any parents in Canada whose child is receiving treatment for nephrotic syndrome. It is available through your local renal program or local Kidney Foundation of Canada office. Other interested persons may obtain a copy of this booklet for $5 Cdn. (plus shipping and handling). To order, please send an e-mail request to webmaster@kidney.ca

39. Nephrotic Syndrome nephrotic syndrome Nephrosis. Book, Home Page. http://www.fpnotebook.com/REN46.htm

Home About Links Index ... Editor's Choice Paid Advertisement (click above). Please see the privacy statement Nephrology Glomerulus Assorted Pages Acute Glomerulonephritis Glomerulonephritis Causes Chronic Glomerulonephritis Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis ... Glomerular Basement Membrane Antibody Nephrotic Syndrome Nephrosis Book Home Page Cardiovascular Medicine Dental Dermatology Emergency Medicine Endocrinology Gastroenterology General Medicine Geriatric Medicine Gynecology Hematology and Oncology HIV Infectious Disease Jokes Laboratory Neonatology Nephrology Neurology Obstetrics Ophthalmology Orthopedics Otolaryngology Pediatrics Pharmacology Prevention Psychiatry Pulmonology Radiology Rheumatology Sports Medicine Surgery Urology Chapter Nephrology Index Acid and Base Disorders Calcium Chloride Cardiovascular Medicine Dermatology Edema Endocrinology Examination Failure Glomerulus Laboratory General Pulmonology Magnesium Neurology Pharmacology Phosphorus Potassium Radiology Sodium Surgery Tubule Page Glomerulus Index Glomerulonephritis Acute Glomerulonephritis Causes Glomerulonephritis Chronic Glomerulonephritis Goodpastures Glomerulonephritis PostStreptococcal Glomerulonephritis Rapid Progression Proteinuria Nephrotic Syndrome Proteinuria Isolated Proteinuria Isolated Epidemiology Uncommon Etiology Primary glomerulonephropathy progresses to Nephrosis Occurs in 20% of cases Children Minimal Change Disease (NIL Lesion) Adults Membranous Nephropathy (50%) Minimal Change Disease (25%) Focal Glomerulosclerosis (15%) Other Systemic Lupus Erythematosis

40. EMedicine - Nephrotic Syndrome : Article By Luther Travis, MD nephrotic syndrome The word nephrosis, or what often is called primary nephroticsyndrome (PNS), has its origin in the early part of the 20th century. http://www.emedicine.com/ped/topic1564.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties CME PDA ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Patient Education Advanced Search Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Pediatrics Nephrology Nephrotic Syndrome Last Updated: June 11, 2002 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: NS, nephrosis, lipoid nephrosis, primary nephrotic syndrome, PNS, idiopathic nephrotic syndrome, INS, secondary nephrotic syndrome, minimal change nephrotic syndrome, MCNS, minimal lesion nephrotic syndrome, MLNS, nil disease, steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome, SSNS, steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome, SRNS, steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome, SDNS, mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis, MPN, immunoglobulin M nephropathy, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, FSGS, membranoproliferative or mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis, MPGN, hypocomplementemic glomerulonephritis, membranous glomerulonephritis, MGN, congenital nephrotic syndrome AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 10 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography Author: Luther Travis, MD

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