1. American Nystagmus Network A nonprofit organization to serve the needs and interests of those affected by nystagmus.Category Health Conditions and Diseases Eye Disorders nystagmus......nystagmus is an involuntary eye movement which usually results in some degreeof visual loss. Copyright © 19962003, American nystagmus Network. http://www.nystagmus.org/

ANNOUNCE ANN 2003 Conference Information Nystagmus is an involuntary eye movement which usually results in some degree of visual loss. The degree and direction of eye movement, amount of visual loss and resulting impairment varies greatly from person to person. This website has been created by the American Nystagmus Network, Inc., a nonprofit organization established in February, 1999 to serve the needs and interests of those affected by Nystagmus. Enter ANN, Inc. Caveat: Though discussions on specific problems are permissible and expected, remember that no posting here shall constitute professional health care or medical advice, and you should never rely on any contribution to this, or any, Internet discussion forum on important medical or professional health care questions. Indeed, no Internet discussion forum is a substitute for the careful advice and treatment of a competent professional health care provider or doctor. ANN, Inc. is a volunteer, nonprofit organization for persons and families involved with nystagmus. ANN, Inc. does not diagnose or treat, or provide professional counseling. It is involved in self-help, while trying to promote research and education, among other goals contained in its mission statement Questions or comments? E-mail

2. Nystagmus Information about the condition, its types and treatment. http://www.geocities.com/HotSprings/Spa/3699/

NYSTAGMUS "A lot of intensely intelligent and highly dedicated workers have given their lives to this subject of nystagmus and very little has come out of it." Over thirty years later, a wealth of information is available and continually being published on the oscillations (undulating movements) of the eyes known as nystagmus. This web page is aimed at introducing or adding to peoples' knowledge of the condition. It also doubles as an assignment for Orthoptics - the course which I’m studying! Jerk nystagmus Please note: You may have to reload this page to prevent the background from appearing mottled. Abbreviations These are used throughout this web page (AN) Acquired nystagmus (LN) Latent nystagmus (AHP) Abnormal/anomalous head posture (MLN) Manifest latent nystagmus (CN) Congenital nystagmus (SEM) Slow eye movements (FEM) Fast eye movements (VA) Visual acuity This web page is intended for general educational purposes and is to the best of my knowledge accurate. However, most of the information contained, comes from a variety of sources which varies from published journals to responses on public forums. Therefore information, procedures or treatments should not be taken for granted. Please consult your Ophthalmologist (eye specialist), Neuro-ophthalmogist or Medical physician to verify or answer any queries that you may have. me at: lilgargs@geocities.com

3. Nystagmus Network A small charity providing information and support for sufferers. Website offers a variety of colour Category Regional Europe Blindness and Visual Impairment......nystagmus is an eye condition characterised by rapid, jerky eye movements. nystagmusis an eye condition characterised by rapid, jerky eye movements. http://www.nystagmusnet.org/

Help to disseminate information and foster research Nystagmus is an eye condition characterised by rapid, jerky eye movements. It is a symptom which should always be investigated by a specialist as it can be a result of other disorders. Nystagmus Network is a UK-based self-help group set up in 1984, providing support for adults and children with nystagmus, their parents and teachers and fostering research into the condition. Parents and Family We are contacted by many people whose child has just been diagnosed with nystagmus. Our first message is: Do not worry - nystagmus is not the end of the world. Nystagmus does present challenges, but these can be largely overcome. Have a look at our information, both on the web and as books and leaflets. Adults If you have had nystagmus since childhood, you have probably dealt with a lot of the problems it presents. However, many adults tell us it is encouraging to find out "I am not the only person with nystagmus" and to learn about how others manage. You will also want to keep up to date with medical and other developments, which you can do through joining Nystagmus Network. Professionals We support medical and other research into nystagmus. We provide links to medical and university sites which we are glad to expand. Please contact us if you have ideas for research projects or have other comments.

4. Nystagmus Richard L. Windsor, O.D., F.A.A.O. Laura K. Windsor. nystagmus is an involuntary rhythmic shaking or wobbling of the eyes. http://www.spedex.com/resource/documents/veb/nystagmus.html

NYSTAGMUS TREATMENT: There is no known treatment, however, certain types of jerky nystagmus (commonly Grade I types) show spontaneous improvement in childhood (up to age 10). This type may also be amenable to muscle surgery (essentially, a repositioning of muscles to take advantage of the point of least nystagmus, or position of relative rest). IMPLICATIONS: With the exception of brief experiences of oscillopsia, most individuals with nystagmus perceive objects as being stationary. It is believed that the brain is responsible for the perceptual adjustment. Educationally, children with nystagmus (who may tend to lose their place in beginning reading instruction) may be helped through the use of a typoscope (card with a rectangular hole, to view one word or line at a time) or an underliner (card or strip of paper to "underline" the line being read). As children with nystagmus mature, they seem to need these support devices less often. Back to Contents or Back to SpEdEx Home

5. Nystagmus Details about CN including what it is, how it occurs, the characteristics and the types.Category Health Conditions and Diseases Eye Disorders nystagmus....... . .TYPES of nystagmus . .Pathological nystagmus. nystagmus is pathological(abnormal), when it occurs spontaneously or when it http://www.geocities.com/HotSprings/Spa/3699/Congen.html

TYPES of NYSTAGMUS Pathological Nystagmus Nystagmus is pathological (abnormal), when it occurs spontaneously or when it appears in an individual looking at a stationary object Congenital Nystagmus (CN) A lot of confusion surrounds the term ‘congenital’. It is often used to describe a condition that begins when a child is very young. However, the phrase ‘congenital nystagmus’ (CN) is often used to describe a type of nystagmus. Therefore, I have identified this category to apply solely to the condition CN. Nystagmus that is classified as acquired may develop at any time. Therefore, some of these forms may also be considered to be 'congenital' if they develop in infancy. For example, Periodic alternating nystagmus [See Acquired nystagmus] This page contains the following information on congenital nystagmus: About CN When CN occurs Characteristics of CN Types of CN ... b) motor (idiopathic) About Congenital Nystagmus (CN) When CN Occurs Characteristics of CN Binocular Horizontal Involves reduced vision Reduced/Dampened: a) By convergence c An esotropia is a type of 'squint' where the eye is turned inwards.

6. Nystagmus.de http://www.nystagmus.de/

Deutschsprachiges Nystagmus-Forum Click here to go to www.nystagmus.de

7. Pathophysiological Approach To The Diagnosis Of Acquired Nystagmus Search RNIB site for What is nystagmus? nystagmus is an involuntary movement of the eyes usually from side to side, but sometimes the eyes oscillate up and down or even in a circular motion. http://mediswww.meds.cwru.edu/dept/neurology/ocular/full003.html

PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL APPROACH TO THE DIAGNOSIS OF ACQUIRED NYSTAGMUS R. John Leigh, M.D. Department of Neurology Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center University Hospitals of Cleveland Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, Ohio Address Correspondence to : R John Leigh, MD, Department of Neurology, University Hospitals, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106-5000. E-mail: rjl4@po.cwru.edu Supported by the Evenor Armington Fund, USPHS grant EY06717, and the Office of Research and Development, Department of Veterans Affairs. Introduction In order to understand the clinical significance of nystagmus, it is helpful to first consider how the brain normally holds gaze steady . In health, three separate mechanisms collaborate to prevent deviation of the line of sight from the object of regard. The first is "fixation" which has two distinct components: 1) the visual system?s ability to detect retinal image drift and program corrective eye movements, and 2) the suppression of unwanted saccades that would take the eye off target. The second mechanism is the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) by which eye movements compensate for head perturbations at short latency, and so maintain clear vision during locomotion. The third mechanism is the brain's ability to hold the eye at an eccentric position in the orbit against the elastic pull of the globe's suspensory ligaments and muscles, which tend to return it towards primary position (the

8. Nystagmus Personal page, reviewing nystagmus as a symptom of deficiencies of magnesium and thiamin.Category Health Conditions and Diseases Eye Disorders nystagmus......Explores the evidence linking nystagmus to magnesium and/or thiamindeficiencies. The page nystagmus. The Links to Nutrition that http://www.mindspring.com/~sandysimmons/nystagmus.html

The page: Nystagmus The Links to Nutrition that was formerly at this URL has moved to http://www.ctds.info/nystagmus.html Please click on the link above to go to the new URL. Medicine being a compendium of the successive and contradictory mistakes of medical practitioners, when we summon the wisest of them to our aid, the chances are that we may be relying on a scientific truth the error of which will be recognized in a few years' time. M. Proust We sit at breakfast, we sit on the train on the way to work, we sit at work, we sit at lunch, we sit all afternoon, a hodgepodge of sagging livers, sinking gall bladders, drooping stomachs, com pressed intestines, and squashed pelvic organs. John Button, Jr.

9. Schwindel (und Nystagmus) Das AHCConsilium beschreibt Ursachen und Therapiem¶glichkeiten des Symptoms Schwindel. http://www.ahc-consilium.at/daten/schwindel.htm

Schwindel (und Nystagmus) Med. Wissenschaftlicher Beirat Letztes Update: Diagnose Therapie Literaturauswahl Drehschwindel ... Vasoaktiva Diagnose Drehschwindel Synonym: Vertigo Definition Fragen zur Schwindelanamnese Arten des Vestibularisschwindels Anfalls-Drehschwindel mit audiologischen Symptomen Anfallsdauer Minuten bis Stunden Ursachen Symptomen-Trias Dauer-Drehschwindel Dauer Tage Ursachen akuter, einseitiger Vestibularisausfall (Neuropathia vestibularis = Neuritis vestibularis), Labyrinthitis, Felsenbeinquerfraktur Symptome Differentialdiagnose akute interne Erkrankungen wie z.B. Herzinfarkt Dauerschwindel anderer Art Lage- (selten), Lagerungs- (z.B. bei neurologischen Erkrankungen und Mittelohrprozessen) und Bewegungsschwindel (Nach Ausschluss einer Alkohol- bzw. Barbituratintoxikation muss bei jedem Lage-Dauernystagmus eine genaue neurologische Untersuchung vorgenommen werden) Sonderformen Belastungsschwindel Entsicherungsschwindel Symptome Nystagmus Definition Unwillkürliche rhythmische Bewegungen der Augen ("Augenzittern")

10. American Nystagmus Network-About Nystagmus General Information about nystagmus. nystagmus nystagmus may be oneof several infantile types or may be acquired later in life. The http://www.nystagmus.org/aboutn.html

Home Contact ANN Site Map Search ANN Site General Information about Nystagmus NYSTAGMUS is characterized by an involuntary movement of the eyes, which may reduce vision or be associated with other, more serious, conditions that limit vision. Nystagmus may be one of several infantile types or may be acquired later in life. The most common types of infantile nystagmus are 'congenital nystagmus' (CN) and latent/manifest latent nystagmus (LMLN). Many people with CN are also partially sighted; some are registered blind; few of these can drive a car, most encounter some difficulties in everyday life both practical and social and some lose out on education and employment opportunities. However, CN or LMLN by themselves do not necessarily reduce acuity substantially and many people with these disorders lead normal, active lives. Those with very poor vision usually have associated sensory deficits responsible for the greater part of their vision loss. There are many types of adult-onset acquired nystagmus. These are often associated with oscillopsia (the experience of the world 'wiggling'), poor vision, and loss of balance. Often acquired nystagmus is a result of neurological problems and may respond to certain drugs, depending on the cause of the nystagmus. DEPTH OF FIELD VISION is not reduced by nystagmus; it results from strabismus (misalignment of the eyes). Strabismus may sometimes accompany CN and always acccompanies LMLN. Sufferers of strabismus do not develop strong stereoscopic (3-dimensional) vision and may be prone to tripping or clumsiness. Coordination is usually adequate for most tasks, but strabismus sufferers are unlikely to excel at sports needing good hand to eye coordination.

11. Deutsches Nystagmus Netzwerk Informationen und Hilfe f¼r Betroffene bietet das Netzwerk auf seinen Seiten. http://home.t-online.de/home/320086020964-0004/DNN_home.htm

12. Nystagmus Network - NetLetter nystagmus is an eye condition characterised by rapid, jerky eye movements.nystagmus research nystagmus NETWORK NETLETTER FEBRUARY 2003. http://www.nystagmusnet.org/web_page/NetLetter.htm

Help to disseminate information and foster research NYSTAGMUS NETWORK NETLETTER - MARCH 2003 INFORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT MANAGER STARTS 2003 OPEN DAY RESEARCH UPDATE NORTHWICK CARDS ... FOCUS NEWSLETTER INFORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT MANAGER STARTS Paul White started as our new Information and Development Manager at the beginning of March. As our sole employee, Paul is the main point of contact for all professional enquiries. Paul can be contacted on or at info@nystagmusnet.org . The new postal address for the Nystagmus Network is: 13 Tinsley Close, Claypole, Newark, Nottinghamshire, NG23 5BS. Paul works for us three days a week, so if you don't get an immediate response, please be patient. Our telephone help-line remains unchanged: 2003 OPEN DAY This year's Nystagmus Network Open Day, which is open to anyone with an interest in nystagmus, will take place in central London on Saturday, June 7 Details will be published in our March newsletter and on this website. RESEARCH UPDATE Please note that, for cost reasons, research projects mentioned on this website can only consider volunteers living in the UK unless otherwise specified. CARDIFF NULL POINT RESEARCH We have recently awarded a grant to Cardiff University's Department of Optometry and Vision Science to explore aspects of the null point.

13. Pathologic Nystagmus - WorldMedicus A definition of this disorder along with links to reviews and articles. http://www.worldmedicus.com/servlet/Controller/$7006041d261f0000.sj_viewd/

14. Nystagmus nystagmus. Understanding nystagmus. Richard L. Windsor, OD, FAAO.Laura K. Windsor. OD. nystagmus life. nystagmus from Early in Life. http://www.lowvision.org/nystagmus.htm

Nystagmus Understanding Nystagmus Richard L. Windsor, O.D., F.A.A.O. Laura K. Windsor. O.D. Nystagmus is an involuntary rhythmic shaking or wobbling of the eyes. The term nystagmus is derived from the Greek word, “ nmstagmos”, which was used to describe the wobbly head movements of a sleepy or inebriated individual. Nystagmus has also been described as “dancing eyes” or “jerking eyes”. Doctors and researchers classify nystagmus by the characteristics of the eye movements like do they move back and forth like a pendulum or do they move slowly in one direction and then rapidly in another. Do the eyes move laterally or vertically and by how much? How fast do the eyes move? There are various methods of classifying nystagmus. Traditionally nystagmus has been divided into two groups. Sensory nystagmus is related to vision loss and motor nystagmus is related to the control of muscle function. There are over 45 types of nystagmus. To simplify our explanation of nystagmus, we will divide nystagmus into two basic types. The first is nystagmus that begins very early in life and is associated with vision loss. The second is called acquired nystagmus and is associated with neurological disorders occurring later in life. Nystagmus from Early in Life Early onset nystagmus often accompanies vision loss acquired at birth or soon after and may be one of the first signs that a child has a loss of vision. Studies suggest 1 in every 1000 children have nystagmus. In 80-90% of cases, it is a side effect of vision loss from eye diseases such as albinism, aniridia, optic nerve hypoplasia, achromatopsia congenital cataracts, coloboma or retinopathy of prematurity. This type of nystagmus is usually observed around the sixth to eighth week of life and is rarely seen before then. In about 10-20% of cases, it presents with mild vision loss not associated with other diagnosed ocular diseases. The discovery of nystagmus in a child is reason for an immediate examination!

15. Understanding Nystagmus RNIB homepage, Search RNIB site for Understanding nystagmus. Whatis nystagmus? nystagmus is used. What causes nystagmus? nystagmus http://www.rnib.org.uk/info/nystagm.htm

Search RNIB site for: Understanding nystagmus What is nystagmus? Nystagmus is an involuntary movement of the eyes - usually from side to side, but sometimes the eyes oscillate up and down or even in a circular motion. Most people with nystagmus have vision which is much worse than average - well below what is considered to be short sighted. Many people can register as partially sighted and a small number can register as blind. Who is affected? Nystagmus which appears in the first six months of life is called 'early onset nystagmus', or 'congenital' or 'infantile nystagmus'. The condition may also develop later in life when the term 'acquired nystagmus' is used. What causes nystagmus? Nystagmus in early childhood may be caused by a defect in the eye or the visual pathway from the eye to the brain. It occurs in a wide range of eye disorders of childhood such as cataract, glaucoma, some disorders of the retina and albinism. It may also be found in children who have multiple disabilities such as Down's Syndrome. Many children with nystagmus have no eye, brain or other health problems. In this case the condition is called 'congenital idiopathic nystagmus', or 'idiopathic infantile nystagmus', meaning that the condition is observed, or starts, early in life and the cause is unknown.

16. Nystagmus Network Provides support for those with nystagmus and their parents and teachers. http://www.btinternet.com/~lynest/nystag01.htm

Help to disseminate information and foster research Nystagmus is an eye condition characterised by rapid, jerky eye movements. It is a symptom which should always be investigated by a specialist as it can be a result of other disorders. Nystagmus Network is a UK-based self-help group providing support for adults and children with nystagmus, their parents and teachers and fostering research into the condition. We have a new site at http://www.nystagmusnet.org . Please vist us there.

17. Early-onset Nystagmus Earlyonset nystagmus. nystagmus is often a symptom of other eye conditionssuch as albinism. This article only covers early-onset nystagmus. Causes. http://www.rnib.org.uk/info/earlyon.htm

Search RNIB site for: Early-onset nystagmus Nystagmus is often a symptom of other eye conditions such as albinism. However, generally little is known about it. Here, Dr. Chris Harris gives some background to the condition and explains the underlying causes. Nystagmus is the medical term for a rhythmic 'wobbling' of the eyes. You can see a type of nystagmus by watching the eyes of a passenger who looks out of a side-window of a moving train or car - the eyes oscillate back and forth. This is quite normal. However, when nystagmus occurs spontaneously while the person is looking at a stationary object, it is abnormal and may indicate that there is something wrong with the eyes or the brain. A GP or paediatrician must be consulted. As a rough guide, spontaneous nystagmus that starts before about 6 months of age is called 'congenital' or early-onset nystagmus. Although the nystagmus may not actually start until the baby is a few months old, it is usually caused by a visual problem that is present at birth. Nystagmus that starts later than about 6 months is usually called 'acquired' nystagmus and it can be caused by a visual or a neurological problem. Infants with early-onset nystagmus are not at any special risk for neurological disease later in life. This article only covers early-onset nystagmus. Causes There are many underlying causes for early-onset nystagmus. Albinism (either affecting just the eyes or the skin and hair as well) is probably the most common association, but aniridia, cataracts, coloboma, cone dysfunction, congenital stationary night-blindness, optic nerve hypoplasia and many other conditions may also lead to nystagmus. This type of early-onset nystagmus is often called sensory-defect nystagmus. However, in 10-20% of babies with nystagmus no underlying visual problem can be detected and the nystagmus is labelled idiopathic

18. Nystagmus | Vhihealthe An article about nystagmus, a definition, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and further reading. http://www.vhi.ie/topic/topic100587224

You are here: Home Health A to Z Nystagmus Polsdorfer , J. Ricker Below: Definition Description Causes and symptoms Diagnosis ... Resources Definition Rhythmic, oscillating motions of the eyes are called nystagmus. The to-and-fro motion is generally involuntary. Vertical nystagmus occurs much less frequently than horizontal nystagmus and is often, but not necessarily, a sign of serious brain damage. Nystagmus can be a normal physiological response or a result of a pathologic problem. Description The eyes play a critical role in maintaining balance. They are directly connected to other organs of equilibrium, most important of which is the inner ear. Paired structures called the semicircular canals deep in the skull behind the ears sense motion and relay that information to balance control centers in the brain. The eyes send visual information to the same centers. A third set of sensors consists of nerve endings all over the body, particularly in joints, that detect position. All this information is integrated to allow the body to navigate in space and gravity. It is possible to fool this system or to overload it with information so that it malfunctions. A spinning ride at the amusement park is a good way to overload it with information. The system has adapted to the spinning, expects it to go on forever, and carries that momentum for some time after it is over. Nystagmus is the lingering adjustment of the eyes to tracking the world as it revolves around them.

19. Nystagmus 1998 nystagmus may be defined as a periodic rhythmical ocular oscillationusually with a slow initiating phase and a corrective fast phase. http://www.wfubmc.edu/neurology/lectures/nystagmus/nys.html

This is a more complete description with a hyperlinked OUTLINE than in my Grand Rounds Lecture on Nystagmus OUTLINE INTRODUCTION NYSTAGMUS OF INFANCY CONGENITAL NYSTAGMUS LATENT NYSTAGMUS ... PERIODIC ALTERNATING NYSTAGMUS OUTLINE 2 CYCLIC ESOTROPIA DOWNBEAT NYSTAGMUS UPBEAT NYSTAGMUS REBOUND NYSTAGMUS ... OPTOKINETIC NYSTAGMUS OUTLINE 3 DRUG INDUCED NYSTAGMUS ARTHROKINETIC NYSTAGMUS AUDIOKINETIC NYSTAGMUS RELATED OCULAR OSCILLATIONS ... REFERENCES INTRODUCTION slow initiating component and a fast corrective component, as criteria in the definition of nystagmus [1]. During the examination, it may be quite difficult to determine whether 1) a particular oscillation has an initial slow component and should be classified as a "true nystagmus", or 2) it is composed entirely of saccades and should be classified as one of the "saccadic oscillations". It usually does not matter to the clinician if the rhythmic oscillation observed is truly nystagmus. What matters is whether the ocular oscillation is congenital or acquired . If it is acquired, are the characteristics localizing and do they require further investigation?

20. Nystagmus Hub Links to information and resources. http://www.genomelink.org/nystagmus

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