1. THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 13, Ch. 161, Parasitic Infections parasitic infections are common in Africa, Asia, and Central and South America but are relatively rare elsewhere. http://www.merck.com/pubs/mmanual/section13/chapter161/161a.htm

This Publication Is Searchable The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy Section 13. Infectious Diseases Chapter 161. Parasitic Infections Topics [General] Extraintestinal Protozoa Infections With Free-Living Amebas Intestinal Protozoa ... Cestodes (Tapeworms) [General] (See also Creeping Eruption in Ch. 114, Trichomoniasis in Ch. 164, and Pinworm Infestation in Ch. 265.) Parasitic infections are common in Africa, Asia, and Central and South America but are relatively rare elsewhere. Persons from industrialized countries traveling to endemic areas often can reduce risk by following strict rules for eating and bathing and taking simple measures to minimize exposure. Casual visitors from endemic countries are not likely to spread parasitic diseases, because the environmental requirements, vectors, or intermediary hosts needed for transmission of many parasitic infections often are not present in industrialized countries. However, transmission of imported infections may occur via the fecal-oral route, by blood transfusions or organ transplants, or by a suitable local vector. The latest recommendations to prevent certain parasitic infections may be obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Atlanta. Advice about treating unfamiliar infections may be available from major medical or public health centers. Several drugs not commercially available in the USA can be obtained when necessary from the Parasitic Diseases Branch of the CDC.

2. THE MERCK MANUAL--Home Edition, Sec. 17, Ch. 184, Parasitic Infections Infections. Chapter 184. parasitic infections. parasitic infections are commonin rural Africa, Asia, and South America but are rare in developed countries. http://www.merck.com/pubs/mmanual_home/sec17/184.htm

The Merck Manual of Medical InformationHome Edition Section 17. Infections Chapter 184 Parasitic Infections A parasite is an organism, such as a single-celled animal (protozoan) or worm, that survives by living inside another, usually much larger, organism (the host). Parasitic infections are common in rural Africa, Asia, and South America but are rare in developed countries. However, people from developed countries who visit developing countries can be infected by parasites and unknowingly return home with the infection, which may not be readily diagnosed because it is so uncommon. Worms most commonly enter the body through the mouth, although some enter through the skin. Those that infect the intestine may stay there or may burrow through the intestinal wall and infect other organs. Worms that penetrate the skin often bore through the soles of the feet or enter the skin from infected water while a person is swimming. If a doctor suspects that a person may have a parasitic infection, samples of blood, stool, or urine may be obtained for laboratory analysis. A doctor may also draw a sample of fluid from an organ or tissue that may be infected. Repeated examinations usually are necessary to find the parasites in these samples. Parasites often reproduce in the host they infect, so their eggs are sometimes found in the host. If parasites reproduce in the digestive tract, the eggs may be found in the person's stool. To make the diagnosis of a parasitic infection, a doctor will usually collect three samples of stool at 1- or 2-day intervals. Sometimes stool samples are obtained with a sigmoidoscope (a flexible viewing tube used to examine the lower portion of the large intestine). (see page 485 in

3. Anti-Parasite.com: Parasitic Infections-Worms & Flukes, Insects, And Protozoans parasitic infections. parasitic infections, in association with nutritional deficiencies, are the primary cause of death http://www.anti-parasite.com/

Healthcare professionals and scientists have carefully prepared this ALtruis Biomedical Network-affiliated site, intended for informational purposes only Partners: Insects Protozoans Parasitic Infections Parasitic infections, in association with nutritional deficiencies , are the primary cause of death in the world. The majority of more serious infections occur in tropic zones of the earth. However, the populace of the United States is not free of parasitic infections. In the United States, poorer populations are most commonly affected with native-born infections; however, no one is immune. For example, raccoons or possums can use playgrounds as noctural pathways, leaving behind ascarid eggs that can later infect children. The increase in immigration and world travel has complicated regional parasitic infections. Today, it is not unusual for the general medical practitioner to be confronted with an exotic disease. Both domestic and wild animals may act as reservoirs for parasites, and some can transmit infections to humans. A disease caught by a human from an animal is called a zoonosis. Examples of zoonotic diseases include hydatid disease or Toxomplasma gondii . Hydatid disease is caused by larval tapeworms that hatch from eggs ingested from dog feces (handling an infected dog and/or its feces, then touching the mouth).

4. Virtual Hospital: Infectious Diseases Of The Central Nervous System: Parenchymal Medical information on cerebral abscesses, syphilis, parasitic infections, fungal infections, viral infections, and CJD. http://www.vh.org/Providers/TeachingFiles/CNSInfDisR2/Paren.html

For Providers Infectious Diseases of the Central Nervous System Parenchymal Infections Gary Baumbach, M.D., Department of Pathology, University of Iowa College of Medicine Peer Review Status: Internally Peer Reviewed Contents Cerebral Abscess Syphilis Parasitic Infestations Toxoplasma Malaria Cysticercosis Trypanosomiasis Amebiasis Fungi Viruses Arboviruses and Rickettsia Poliomyelitis ... Title Page See related Provider Textbooks about Neurology or Pathology See related Provider Topics Abscesses Bacterial Infections Brain and Nervous System Brain Diseases ... Pathology or Viral Infections See related Patient Textbooks about Neurology or Pathology See related Patient Topics Bacterial Infections Brain and Nervous System Brain Diseases Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease ... Pathology or Viral Infections Virtual Hospital Home Virtual Children's Hospital Home Site Map ... UI Health Care Home http://www.vh.org/adult/provider/pathology/CNSInfDisR2/Paren.html

5. CDC - Division Of Parasitic Diseases parasitic infections may show a baffling array of symptoms, most of which are related to the gastrointestinal tract. http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dpd

Please select from the list below to find out more information on that topic. Top Professional Info Public Info About DPD ... CDC Health Topics A-Z This page last reviewed April 12, 2001 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Infectious Diseases Division of Parasitic Diseases Privacy Policy ... Accessibility

6. Parasitic Infections, Division Of Microbiology And Infectious Diseases parasitic infections. Introduction General Information http://www.niaid.nih.gov/dmid/parasite/

Parasitic Infections Introduction General Information Overviews Fact Sheets and Brochures ... Key Words and Search Terms See also: DMID's Malaria Research Program and the International Centers for Tropical Disease Research Introduction Diseases caused by protozoan and helminth parasites are among the leading causes of death and disease in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Efforts to control the invertebrate vector (carrier, such as the mosquito) of these diseases is, in many cases, difficult as a result of pesticide resistance, concerns regarding environmental damage and lack of adequate infrastructure to apply existing vector control methods. Thus, control of these diseases relies heavily on the availability of drugs. Unfortunately, most existing therapeutics are either incompletely effective or toxic to the human host. In a number of cases, even safe and effective drugs are failing as a result of the selection and spread of drug resistant variants of the parasites. This is best dramatized by the global spread of drug resistant Plasmodium falciparum , the organism responsible for the most lethal form of malaria. New therapeutic agents are therefore urgently needed.

7. Case14 Patients with parasitic infections A 31 year old male who emigrated from Mexico 3 years prior to admission, was brought to the ER by his family with a witnessed seizure. He had been previously healthy. http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/meded/mech/cases/case14/Caseqa_f.htm

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8. Parasitic Infection Information At IVillage.com you are here iVillage.com health infectious diseases parasitic infections.parasitic infections, essential info for parasitic infections. http://www.ivillage.com/topics/health/0,,233796,00.html

var cimsCid = '233796'; var cimsUid = ''; main COMMUNITY Message Boards Chats ... Community Challenges find on iVillage on astrology on babies on beauty on books on food on health on lamaze.com on money on parenting on pets on relationships on women.com on work MAGAZINES on Cosmopolitan on Country Living on Good Housekeeping on House Beautiful on Marie Claire on Redbook on Victoria you are here: iVillage.com health infectious diseases parasitic infections parasitic infections Bed and Bath Clairol eDiets Match.com ... Talent Test TOP 100 WOMEN'S HEALTH CONCERNS Choose one Acupuncture Allergies Alzheimer's Disease Androgen Anxiety Disorders Asthma Atherosclerosis Attention Deficit Bacterial Vaginosis Biofeedback Bipolar Disorder Birth Control Pills Breast Cancer Caregiving Cervical Cancer Chiropractic Chlamydia Cholesterol Chronic Fatigue Chronic Pelvic Pain Clinical Trials Colon Cancer Contraception Depression Diabetes Dry Eye Syndrome Eating Disorders Endometriosis Epilepsy Estrogen Fibroids Fibromyalgia Fitness Flu/Colds GERD General Women's Health Genetic Testing Genital Herpes Glaucoma Gonorrhea HIV/AIDS Health Insurance Heart Disease Hepatitis High Blood Pressure Homeopathy Human Papillomavirus Hypnosis Hysterectomy Incontinence/Overactive Infertility Irritable Bowel Legal Health Tools Liposuction Lung Cancer Lupus Macular Degeneration Medication Safety Menopause Menstrual Disorders Migraine Multiple Sclerosis Naturopathy Nutrition Obesity Oral Health Osteoarthritis Osteopathic Medicine Osteoporosis Ovarian Cancer Pain Management Peripheral Vascular Polycystic Ovarian Pregnancy Premenstrual Syndrome

9. Parasitic Infections, Infectious Disease Guidelines, NCID, CDC Infectious Disease Guidelines, By Topic. parasitic infections. Web Page Version,Downloadable Version. parasitic infections. Sexually transmitted diseases. http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/guidelines/guidelines_topic_parasitic.htm

Infectious Disease Guidelines Contents Guidelines by Topic or Type of Infection Guidelines by Publication Date Infectious Disease Guidelines, By Topic Parasitic Infections Web Page Version Downloadable Version Prevention of Zoonotic Transmission of Ascarids and Hookworms of Dogs and Cats: Guidelines for Veterinarians Division of Parasitic Diseases. March 1995. Notice to Readers: Availability and Use of Parenteral Quinidine Gluconate for Severe or Complicated Malaria MMWR. December 22, 2000;49:1138-1140. Adobe Acrobat Reader (200 KB) Preventing Congenital Toxoplasmosis MMWR Recommendations and Reports. March 31, 2000;49(RR-2):57-75. Adobe Acrobat Reader (467 KB) Topic Sections Antibiotic and antimicrobial resistance Bacterial infections Diarrheal and foodborne diseases Infection control, healthcare quality, and healthcare-related infections (on Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion site) Occupational exposure and health (on Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion site) Opportunistic infections Parasitic infections Sexually transmitted diseases Surveillance ... Viral infections Some documents are available here in Adobe Acrobat Reader format (PDF). To view or print them, you must have Adobe Acrobat Reader (version 3.0 or higher) installed on your computer. If you do not have the reader, you can obtain it free from Adobe Corporation. Click on the icon below to download the program from their Web site.

10. Recommended Empiric Therapy Of Enteric Parasitic Infections TREATMENT OF ENTERIC parasitic infections. Developed by Dr. S. Houston, Dr. E. BlondelHill, and Ms. S. Fryters http://www.dobugsneeddrugs.org/healthcare/antimicrobial/RecommendedEmpiricTherap

11. EMedicine Dermatology : PARASITIC INFECTIONS - Online Medical Textbooks And Phys Back to Dermatology parasitic infections. Dermatology parasitic infectionsArticles. Cutaneous Larva Migrans, (CME available). Filariasis, (CME available). http://www.emedicine.com/derm/PARASITIC_INFECTIONS.htm

Home Specialties CME PDA ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Patient Education Advanced Search Link to this site Back to: Dermatology > Parasitic Infections Dermatology - Parasitic Infections Articles Cutaneous Larva Migrans (CME available) Filariasis (CME available) ... (CME available) document.write(''); About Us Privacy Contact Us Advertise with Us ... Institutional Subscribers

12. FIRST TREATMENT APPROVED FOR RARE PARASITIC INFECTIONS (301) 4433285 FIRST TREATMENT APPROVED FOR RARE parasitic infections FDA has announced approval of the drug albendazole http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/answers/ans00738.html

ANSWERS 06/13/1996

13. FDA APPROVES NEW TREATMENT FOR PARASITIC INFECTIONS IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS December 2, 2002, Consumer Inquiries 888INFO-FDA. FDA APPROVESNEW TREATMENT FOR parasitic infections IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS. The http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/ANSWERS/2002/ANS01178.html

FDA Talk Papers are prepared by the Press Office to guide FDA personnel in responding with consistency and accuracy to questions from the public on subjects of current interest. Talk Papers are subject to change as more information becomes available. Media Inquiries: 301-827-6242 December 2, 2002 Consumer Inquiries: 888-INFO-FDA FDA APPROVES NEW TREATMENT FOR PARASITIC INFECTIONS IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) today announced the approval of Alinia (nitazoxanide) for Oral Suspension for the treatment of diarrhea caused by two parasitic infections, cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis, in pediatric patients one through 11 years of age. To date, the safety and effectiveness of Alinia has not been established in HIV positive or immunodeficient patients. Alinia is the first drug product approved specifically for treatment of cryptosporidiosis and the only drug approved for treatment of giardiasis in this age group that would be available in suspension. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention some 4000 patients in the United States are infected by cryptosporidiosis. Cryptosporidiosis is an illness caused by the protozoan Cryptosporidium parvum and characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, loss of appetite, low-grade fever, nausea and vomiting. Infected persons may be asymptomatic, experience acute diarrhea, or be ill with persistent diarrhea that may continue for several weeks.

14. Parasitic Infection Information At IVillage.com Information, advice and support on parasitic infections at iVillage.com you are here iVillage.com health infectious diseases parasitic infections. parasitic infections http://s.ivillage.com/health/lnav/parasites?redirect=http://www.ivillage.com/top

15. FIRST TREATMENT APPROVED FOR RARE PARASITIC INFECTIONS T9640 Ivy Fleischer Kupec June 13, 1996 (301) 443-3285 FIRST TREATMENT APPROVEDFOR RARE parasitic infections FDA has announced approval of the drug http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/ANSWERS/ANS00738.html

ANSWERS 06/13/1996

16. The Medical Letter Public Reading Room Advice for Travelers (The Medical Letter April 15, 2002). Drugs for ParasiticInfections (The Medical Letter - April, 2002). Drugs for parasitic infections, http://www.medletter.com/html/prm.htm

document.write(""); options The following articles are available to everyone To read these articles you will need a free Adobe® Acrobat® Reader A Collection of Reprints on Biologic, Chemical and Nuclear Weapons The Medical Letter - March, 2003) Now available! Smallpox Vaccine The Medical Letter - January 6, 2003) Potassium Iodide for Thyroid Protection in a Nuclear Accident or Attack The Medical Letter - November 11, 2002) Acetaminophen Safety The Medical Letter - October 28, 2002) Drugs Past Their Expiration Date The Medical Letter - October 28, 2002) Generic Drugs The Medical Letter - October 14, 2002) Prevención de la Gripe 2002-2003 The Medical Letter - October 7, 2002) Drugs for Diabetes Treatment Guidelines - September 2002) Spinal Manipulation The Medical Letter - May 27, 2002)

17. PARASITIC INFECTIONS CPMCnet. Infectious Diseases parasitic infections. Several tiny and notso-tinymembers of the animal kingdom can invade our bodies and cause serious illness. http://cpmcnet.columbia.edu/texts/guide/hmg18_0019.html

Infectious Diseases PARASITIC INFECTIONS Several tiny and not-so-tiny members of the animal kingdom can invade our bodies and cause serious illness. These parasites include tapeworms, roundworms, flukes, and single-cell organisms called protozoa. Once a parasite establishes itself within the body, treatment is almost always necessary to eliminate the infection, which is relatively rare in the United States. Americans are mainly at risk from parasitic infection when they travel abroad. MALARIA DEFINITION This parasitic infection, spread by mosquitoes, is rare in the industrialized world but fairly common in many tropical countries. CAUSE Malaria is caused by the protozoa Plasmodium , transmitted by the bite of an infected anopheles mosquito. Once inside a human, this protozoa may multiply in the liver and then reenter the bloodstream, rupturing red blood cells. DIAGNOSIS Anywhere from 10 to 40 days after being bitten by an infected mosquito, the person's red blood cells rupture and characteristic chills, high fever (up to 106°F [41.1°C]), and sweating take place, often accompanied by headache, weariness, and nausea. A diagnosis of malaria is confirmed by a blood test and observation of the plasmodium in the blood. The best time to observe the parasite in a blood sample is before the fever goes up.

18. Parasitic Infections Of The Larynx parasitic infections OF THE LARYNX. James A. Koufman, MD (This articleis reprinted from Koufman JA Infectious and inflammatory http://www.wfubmc.edu/voice/parasitic_infections.html

you are here: home voice PARASITIC INFECTIONS OF THE LARYNX James A. Koufman, M.D. (This article is reprinted from Koufman JA: Infectious and inflammatory diseases of the larynx, in Ballenger JJ, Snow JB, Eds. Otorhinolaryngology INTRODUCTION Parasitic infestations are uncommon in the United States, and laryngeal involvement by parasites is rare, but may be encountered in the clinical practice of laryngology. Throughout the rest if the world, parasitic infestations are more common. There is very little in the Otolaryngology literature about this topic, so that this brief article presents the four most common and interesting of the parasites that may involve the larynx. Trichinosis Trichinosis in man is caused by ingesting meat contaminated with the helminthic organism, Trichinella spiralis . Trichinosis is relatively common worldwide. In the past, contaminated pork was the most common source of infection, but today, in the United States at least, most cases are caused by eating feral meat, such as bear or wild boar.

19. Parasitic Infections Dermatology. parasitic infections of the Skin. Parasites on the skin Thereare many types of parasitic skin infections. Listed in the directory http://www.mcghealthcare.org/dermatology/paras/paras.htm

MCG Health System Phone Numbers: (706) 721-CARE 1-800-736-CARE Request an Appointment Online Dermatology Parasitic Infections of the Skin Parasites on the skin are usually small insects or worms that burrow into the skin to live there or lay their eggs. There are many types of parasitic skin infections. Listed in the directory below are some, for which we have provided a brief overview. If you cannot find the condition in which you are interested, please visit the Dermatology Online Resources page in this web site for an Internet/World Wide Web address that may contain additional information on that topic. Creeping Eruption Lice Scabies MCG's Section of Dermatology ... Skin Cancer/ General Health Information Last Updated: January 03, 2003 For technical comments or questions regarding this web site, please contact the webmaster We regret that we can't answer medical questions via e-mail. Please call (706) 721-CARE (2273) or consult your physician for answers to your individual health questions. MCG Health System Legal Notice

20. Chapter V: Management Of Opportunistic And Miscellaneous Conditions V. Opportunistic Infections. Table 52 parasitic infections. Toxoplasmagondii encephalitis Acute infection, Pyrimethamine 100-200 http://www.hopkins-aids.edu/publications/book/ch5_para.html

Go to a Chapter Table of Contents Natural History and Classification Laboratory Tests Disease Prevention Antiretroviral Therapy Management of Opportunistic Infections Drugs: Guide to Information Systems Review HIV in Corrections V. Management of Opportunistic Infections and Other Complications of HIV Infection Opportunistic Infections Table 5-1: Fungal Pneumocystis carinii Aspergillosis ... Table 5-6M: Terminal Illness V. Opportunistic Infections Table 5-2: PARASITIC INFECTIONS Toxoplasma gondii encephalitis Acute infection Pyrimethamine 100-200 mg loading dose, then 50-100 mg/day PO + folinic acid 10 mg/day PO + sulfadiazine for at least 6 weeks Pyrimethamine + folinic acid (see preferred regimen) + clindamycin 900-1200* mg IV q6h or 300-450 mg PO q6h for at least 6 weeks Pyrimethamine and folinic acid (see preferred regimen) plus one of the following: azithromycin 1200-1500 mg/day, clarithromycin 1 g bid, or atovaquone 750 mg qid with food Experimental: Azithromycin, clarithromycin, trimetrexate, doxycycline, atovaquone

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