61. Diseases And Conditions -- Discovery Health -- Polycystic Kidney Disease polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is an inherited condition that resultsin abnormally formed kidneys. It also the body. http://health.discovery.com/diseasesandcond/encyclopedia/1708.html

polycystic kidney disease By Adam Brochert, MD Images (click to view larger image) Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is an inherited condition that results in abnormally formed kidneys. It also causes other abnormalities throughout the body. What is going on in the body? Polycystic kidney disease has three forms: infantile, childhood, and adult. The forms are named this way because of the time during a person's life when symptoms begin. The earlier symptoms begin, the more severe the disease usually is. All three forms are inherited from either one or both parents, depending on the type of PKD. Polycystic kidney disease results in malformed kidneys, which are filled with small sacs, or cysts, instead of normal kidney tissue. This leads to kidney problems including kidney failure, which can lead to death. Abnormalities in other areas of the body may also occur. What are the signs and symptoms of the disease? Signs and symptoms depend on the type of polycystic kidney disease. Children with the infantile form of PKD often have very large, malformed kidneys at birth. These children are usually critically ill because their lungs don't development correctly due to the PKD. Most affected children die in the first few days of life. Children with the childhood form of PKD usually get symptoms before adulthood. They often have kidney failure which causes:

62. FamilyFun: Health Encyclopedia: Polycystic Kidney Disease An excerpt on polycystic kidney disease from the Disney Encyclopediaof Baby and Child Care. polycystic kidney DISEASE, This hereditary http://familyfun.go.com/raisingkids/child/health/childhealth/dony79enc_kidn/

Search FamilyFun shortcuts Parenting Tools Field Guide to Parenting Parent Problem Solver Pregnancy Calendar Baby Name Finder ... Article Library Parenting Checklists Immunizations Nursery Planner Holidays All Checklists Parenting Experts Jan Faull, Child Development Dominic Cappello, Learning All Experts parent ... to parent Get tips, support Parenting Boards Expecting Potty Training Sleep Stay-at-Home Moms ... E-Cards Creative. Fun. Free. Catching up is easy to do. Send an E-Card POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY DISEASE This hereditary kidney disorder occurs in two main forms. The more common form, known as adult polycystic disease (APCD), usually develops in adulthood but may, in rare cases, manifest itself in infancy or childhood. Much less common is infantile polycystic disease (IPCD), which is usually apparent soon after birth and is accompanied by liver abnormalities. In both forms of the disease, the kidney is riddled with fluid-filled growths called cysts. These cysts, which usually appear in both kidneys, severely impair kidney functioning. In the infantile form of the disease, the kidneys may be either enlarged or underdeveloped. Some infants also are born with a noninherited cystic kidney disorder called multicystic kidney of the newborn. This disorder, which usually affects only one kidney, occurs when the ureter (the tube to the bladder) develops abnormally, causing the kidney to degenerate into an irregular mass of cysts.

63. EMedicine - Polycystic Kidney Disease : Article By Roser Torra, MD, PhD polycystic kidney Disease Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease(ADPKD) is one of the most common inherited disorders in humans. http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic1862.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties CME PDA ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Patient Education Advanced Search Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Medicine, Ob/Gyn, Psychiatry, and Surgery Nephrology Polycystic Kidney Disease Last Updated: March 12, 2002 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: PKD, autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, ADPKD, adult polycystic kidney disease, polycystic kidney disease type 1, PKD1, polycystic kidney disease type 2, PKD2, polycystic kidney disease type 3, PKD3 AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 11 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography Author: Roser Torra, MD, PhD , Consulting Staff, Hereditary Renal Diseases, Department of Nephrology, Fundacio Puigvert, Barcelona, Spain Editor(s): Laura Lyngby Mulloy, DO , Chair, Associate Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Transplantation, Medical College of Georgia; Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD , Senior Pharmacy Editor, Pharmacy, eMedicine;

64. EMedicine - Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease : Article By Ali Nawaz Autosomal Dominant polycystic kidney Disease Adult polycystic kidney diseaseis transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait and affects approximately 1 in http://www.emedicine.com/radio/topic68.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties CME PDA ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Patient Education Advanced Search Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Radiology Genitourinary Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease Last Updated: September 20, 2002 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: Potter type III disease, adult polycystic kidney disease, kidney disease, polycystic kidney disease, renal cyst, ADPKD, ADPCKD, renal failure, hypertension, impaired renal function, AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 12 Author Information Introduction Differentials X-ray ... Bibliography Author: Ali Nawaz Khan, FRCP, FRCR , Lecturer, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manchester Coauthor(s): Muthusamy Chandramohan, FRCR , Special Registrar, Department of Radiology, Manchester Radiology; Sumaira Macdonald, MRCP, FRCR , Lecturer, Sheffield University Medical School; Endovascular Fellow, Sheffield Vascular Institute Ali Nawaz Khan, FRCP, FRCR, is a member of the following medical societies: American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine British Institute of Radiology British Medical Association Radiological Society of North America ... Royal College of Radiologists , and Royal College of Surgeons of England Editor(s): John L Haddad, MD

65. Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD) - Lucile Packard Children's Hospital polycystic kidney Disease (PKD) What is polycystic kidney disease (PKD)? Autosomaldominant PKD is often called the adult polycystic kidney disease. http://www.lpch.org/DiseaseHealthInfo/HealthLibrary/urology/pkd.html

Urology Urologists Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD) What is polycystic kidney disease (PKD)? Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a genetic disorder characterized by the growth of numerous cysts filled with fluid in the kidneys. PKD cysts can reduce kidney function, leading to kidney failure. PKD can also cause cysts in the liver and problems in other organs, such as the heart and blood vessels in the brain. PKD is the fourth leading cause of kidney failure and affects approximately 500,000 people in the US. According to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), about one-half of people with autosomal dominant PKD progress to kidney failure, or end-stage renal disease (ESRD). What are the different types of PKD? There are two primary inherited forms of PKD and one non-inherited form: autosomal dominant PKD (inherited) This is the most common inherited form of polycystic kidney disease, accounting for about 90 percent of all PKD cases. "Autosomal dominant" means that if one parent has the disease, there is a 50 percent chance that the disease will pass to a child, and that both males and females are equally affected. Usually, at least one parent must have the disease for a child to inherit it. In 25 percent of cases, there is no family history of PKD. These cases are new mutations in a family. Parents would not be at increased risk to have additional children with PKD, but the child with PKD would have a 50/50 chance to pass the gene on to their children.

66. Polycystic Kidney Diseases polycystic kidney Diseases. polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is an inherited disorderthat causes many fluidfilled sacs, called cysts, to form in both kidneys. http://rarediseases.about.com/library/weekly/aa030902a.htm

zfp=-1 About Rare/Orphan Diseases Search in this topic on About on the Web in Products Web Hosting Rare/Orphan Diseases with Mary Kugler Your Guide to one of hundreds of sites Home Articles Forums ... Help zmhp('style="color:#fff"') Subjects BUYER'S GUIDE Before You Buy Top Picks Sites for Online Specialty Shopping ... All articles on this topic Stay up-to-date! Subscribe to our newsletter. Advertising Free Credit Report Free Psychics Advertisement Polycystic Kidney Diseases Affect both children and adults Join the Discussion "I was recently diagnosed with polycystic kidney disease. So far my prognosis is very good, but I'd like to hear from others with this disease." Related Resources Internet links on polycystic kidney disease News Brief announcing ARPKD gene discovery Internet links on other kidney disorders Elsewhere on the Web NIDDK: Polycystic Kidney Disease Polycystic Kidney Disease Foundation Mary Kugler, MSN, RN,C Guide to Rare/Orphan Diseases March 9, 2002 What is it? Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is an inherited disorder that causes many fluid-filled sacs, called cysts, to form in both kidneys. The cysts cause problems because they interfere with the function of the kidney and damage the kidney tissues. The cysts can grow very big (the size of a grapefruit, for example) and/or there can be hundreds, even thousands, of cysts. PKD can also cause cysts to form in the liver, the heart, or blood vessels in the brain.

67. Polycystic Kidney Disease polycystic kidney Disease Guide picks. Feature article Article looks atthe symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of polycystic kidney disease. http://rarediseases.about.com/cs/polycystickidney/

zfp=-1 About Rare/Orphan Diseases Search in this topic on About on the Web in Products Web Hosting Rare/Orphan Diseases with Mary Kugler Your Guide to one of hundreds of sites Home Articles Forums ... Help zmhp('style="color:#fff"') Subjects BUYER'S GUIDE Before You Buy Top Picks Sites for Online Specialty Shopping ... All articles on this topic Stay up-to-date! Subscribe to our newsletter. Advertising Free Credit Report Free Psychics Advertisement Polycystic Kidney Disease Guide picks A hereditary disorder which causes the development of many cysts in both kidneys. Feature article Article looks at the symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of polycystic kidney disease. From the About.com Guide to Rare/Orphan Diseases. NIDDK: Polycystic Kidney Disease Comprehensive information from the National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse (U.S.). National Kidney Foundation On the right bottom of the page, choose "P" as the letter, then choose "Polycystic Kidney Disease" from the list that appears. Polycystic Kidney Disease Foundation Site offers information and resources, including news, articles by patients, bulletin board, and local chapters. American Kidney Fund Information about the disorder and kidney disease in general. Site offers brochures, and other links of interest including support groups.

68. Medic-Planet Polycystic Kidney Disease polycystic kidney disease See also Bladder infections, Genetic diseases,Kidney diseases, Kidneys, Back to the Index page Polycystic http://www.medic-planet.com/MP_article/internal_reference/Polycystic_kidney_dise

69. Medic-Planet Polycystic Kidney Disease polycystic kidney disease See also Bladder infections, Genetic diseases,Kidney diseases, Kidneys, Back to the Index page polycystic http://www.medic-planet.com/MP_article/internal_reference/polycystic_kidney_dise

70. Hospital Practice: Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease Autosomal Dominant polycystic kidney Disease A TwoHit Model Genetically,polycystic kidney disease has at least three autosomal dominant forms. http://www.hosppract.com/genetics/9703gen.htm

Molecular Genetics in Clinical Practice Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease: A Two-Hit Model GREGORY G. GERMINO Johns Hopkins University The clinical and histopathologic variability of this common genetic disordera leading cause of renal failurecannot be explained by inherited mutation. Instead, the disease evidently progresses by a second hit: somatic mutation superimposed on germline mutation. The source of the mutability appears to be DNA triple-helixing, as mediated by some odd genetic code, the longest polypyrimidine tract ever found in the human genome. Dr. Germino is Assistant Professor of Medicine and Irving Blum Scholar, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore. Throughout the 20th century, the chief epidemiologic impression of polycystic kidney disease (PKD) has been what an early observer described as its outstandingly hereditary character. The autosomal dominant form of the disease is indeed among the most common genetic disorders, with an incidence of roughly one person in every thousand. Its penetrance, moreover, is almost 100%: Virtually every person born with a disease-related mutation eventually shows manifestations of cystogenesis. Evidently beginning in utero and continuing throughout the patient's life, renal cysts increase in size and number, with associated compression of normal renal parenchyma. Typically, significant loss of renal function does not emerge until a patient's 30s or 40s, but in about half of patients, renal failure develops by age 50. Overall, the disease accounts for as much as 5% of all cases of chronic renal failure. In as many as half of patients, end-stage renal disease is manifest by age 60.

71. Polycystic Kidney Disease polycystic kidney Disease. Cerebral artery aneurysms have also beenassociated with the dominant form of polycystic kidney disease. http://www.kidneyindia.com/polycystic_kid.htm

Acute Tubular Necrosis Acute Nephritis Alport Syndrome Analgesic Nephropathy ... Minimal Change Disease MultipleMyeloma Kidney Nephrotic Syndrome Neurogenic Bladder Polycystic Kidney Disease Prostate Disease Prostate Cancer Primary Hyperoxaluria Pyelonephritis Renal Tubular Acidosis Renal Vein Thrombosis RPGN Radiation Kidney SLE/Lupus Nephritis Sexual dysfuctions Transplant Drugs Urinary Incontinence Urinary Tract Infection Uric Acid Kidney Vesicoureteral Reflux Vasculitis Wilms Tumor Polycystic Kidney Disease The overall incidence of polycystic kidney disease in the pediatric population is unknown. Autopsy series have identified polycystic kidneys in 1.3 - 5.9/1000 pediatric patients. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is far more common than the recessive form. The incidence of the dominant condition in patients of all ages has been estimated from autopsy studies at 1/220 to 1/1100. As anticipated with autosomal inheritance, the male:female ratio of both disorders is approximately 1:1.

72. Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD) HOME polycystic kidney Disease (PKD). polycystic kidney Disease PublicityDrive; Renal cystic disease (polycystic kidney); Course and http://www.bdid.com/pkd.htm

HOME Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD) Polycystic Kidney Disease Publicity Drive Renal cystic disease (polycystic kidney) Course and treatment of polycystic kidney disease Polycystic Kidney Disease ... The Polycystic Kidney Research Foundation Also see Oligohydramnios and Potter Syndrome Autosomal Dominant RENE POLICISTICO Polycystic kidney disease Autosomal Recessive RPKD - Pediatric Pathology (Includes a Photo) Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease (RPKD) Polycystic kidney disease Infantile / Juvenile Polycystic Kidney Disease (Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease) ... HOME

73. BioMed Central | Full Text | Polycystic Kidney Disease In Patients On The Renal polycystic kidney disease in patients on the renal transplant waiting list trendsin hematocrit and survival Kevin C Abbott 1 and Lawrence Y Agodoa 2 1 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2369/3/7

Welcome guest user home journals A-Z journals by subject advanced search ... Volume 3 Viewing options Abstract Full text PDF Pre-publication history Other links: E-mail to a friend Download references Post a comment PubMed record ... Related articles in PubMed Search PubMed For Abbott KC Agodoa LY Key E-mail Corresponding author Research article Polycystic kidney disease in patients on the renal transplant waiting list: trends in hematocrit and survival Kevin C Abbott and Lawrence Y Agodoa Nephrology Service, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, D.C., and Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD BMC Nephrology The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2369/3/7 Received Accepted Published Keywords: Polycystic kidney disease, Caucasian, female, EPO, peritoneal dialysis, transplantation, complications, dialysis, USRDS, age, albumin, hemoglobin, weight, dysrythmias, mortality, frequency Outline Abstract Abstract Background Methods Results ... Pre-publication history Background The patient characteristics and mortality associated with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (PKD) have not been characterized for a national sample of end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients on the renal transplant waiting list.

74. POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY DISEASE Columbia University College of P S Complete Home Medical Guide. CPMCnet.Kidney and Urinary Tract Disorders polycystic kidney DISEASE. http://cpmcnet.columbia.edu/texts/guide/hmg27_0005.html

Kidney and Urinary Tract Disorders POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY DISEASE DEFINITION Polycystic kidney disease is a hereditary condition in which numerous cysts form on individual nephrons and interfere with kidney function. Although it is not unusual to have one or two cysts within kidney tissue, in most cases they have no function and are harmless (although they may cause confusion and lead to unnecessary diagnostic procedures). In polycystic kidney disease, virtually all the nephrons of both kidneys eventually become cystic or are compressed, distorted, and rendered increasingly ineffective by the pressure of adjacent cysts. In the process, the kidneys enlarge to three or four times normal size as function decreases. A person suffering this condition is unaware of the disease unless some complication— hypertension, blood in the urine, pain caused by bleeding into the kidney, a stone, or infection—calls attention to the kidney, usually long before kidney failure has developed. Eventually, the kidneys grow so large that it is possible to feel them through the skin. Although some patients with polycystic kidney live a normal life span and a significant group live long enough to die of something else, until the advent of dialysis and transplantation, many patients with the disease eventually died of uremic poisoning. While some people who inherit the responsible genes do not encounter significant kidney damage from cysts until their 30s or 40s, others live into their 80s; the average age at which renal failure occurs is 50. Consequently, for carriers of these genes, choosing whether to have children is a difficult decision, but genetic counseling may be helpful.

75. Renal Cystic Disease Images available as described below range in file size from 50 to 250k. Recessivepolycystic kidney Disease (RPKD). Dominant polycystic kidney Disease (DPKD). http://medlib.med.utah.edu/WebPath/TUTORIAL/RENCYST/RENCYST.html

Pathology of Renal Cystic Disease Return to the tutorial menu. Images available as described below range in file size from 50 to 250k. Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease (RPKD) This condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, giving a 25% recurrence risk for parents having subsequent children. The kidneys are affected bilaterally, so that in utero, there is typically oligohydramnios because of poor renal function and failure to form significant amounts of fetal urine. The most significant result from oligohydramnios is pulmonary hypoplasia, so that newborns do not have sufficient lung capacity to survive, irrespective of any attempt to treat renal failure. RPKD may be termed "Type I" cystic disease in the Potter's classification. Grossly, the kidneys are markedly enlarged and tend to fill the retroperitoneum and displace abdominal contents. The kidneys tend to be symmetrically enlarged. The cysts are quite small and uniform, perhaps 1 to 2 mm on average. Microscopically, the characteristic finding in the later third trimester is cystic change with the cysts elongated and radially arranged. The few remaining glomeruli are not involved by the cysts, and the intervening parenchyma is not increased. In the second trimester, the cysts may not be as well-developed. A helpful finding at autopsy is the presence of congenital hepatic fibrosis, which accompanies RPKD. Normal fetal kidneys, gross

76. Polycystic Kidney Disease polycystic kidney Disease. (1996) A role for CFTR in human autosomal dominantpolycystic kidney disease. Am.J.Physiol. 270 (Cell Physiol.39)389399. http://www.guggino.org/Polycystic_Kidney_Disease.htm

Ion Channels Cystic Fibrosis Gene Therapy Polycystic Kidney Disease Epithelial Cell Biology Polycystic Kidney Disease The laboratory is involved in the study the two genes (PKD1 and PKD2) which are implicated in the disease. Research techniques employed include electrophysiology and confocal microscopy. In addition primary culture studies from patients is underway. Select Publications Hanaoka, K., DeVuyst, O., Schwiebert, E.M., Wilson, P., Guggino, W.B . (1996) A role for CFTR in human autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Am.J.Physiol. Cell Physiol.

77. Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease Autosomal Dominant polycystic kidney Disease polycystic kidney Disease.ADPKD. Book, Home Page. http://www.fpnotebook.com/REN38.htm

Home About Links Index ... Editor's Choice Paid Advertisement (click above). Please see the privacy statement Nephrology Failure Edema ... Edema in Chronic Renal Failure Assorted Pages Acute Renal Failure Acute Renal Failure Risk Acute Renal Failure Causes Rhabdomyolysis ... Renal Disease Preoperative Care Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease Polycystic Kidney Disease ADPKD Book Home Page Cardiovascular Medicine Dental Dermatology Emergency Medicine Endocrinology Gastroenterology General Medicine Geriatric Medicine Gynecology Hematology and Oncology HIV Infectious Disease Jokes Laboratory Neonatology Nephrology Neurology Obstetrics Ophthalmology Orthopedics Otolaryngology Pediatrics Pharmacology Prevention Psychiatry Pulmonology Radiology Rheumatology Sports Medicine Surgery Urology Chapter Nephrology Index Acid and Base Disorders Calcium Chloride Cardiovascular Medicine Dermatology Edema Endocrinology Examination Failure Glomerulus Laboratory General Pulmonology Magnesium Neurology Pharmacology Phosphorus Potassium Radiology Sodium Surgery Tubule Page Failure Index Acute Acute Risk Acute Causes Acute Causes Rhabdo Acute Causes Rhabdo Causes Acute Management Acute Postrenal Acute Prerenal Acute Prognosis Chronic Chronic Polycystic Kidneys Edema Chronic Management Epidemiology Prevalence : 500,000 patients in United States

78. NKF Singapore Website | KRC | Common Kidney Disease | Polycystic Kidney Disease polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is the commonest inherited cause ofkidney failure in adults. It is genetically acquired and has http://www.nkfs.org/kidney_resource_centre/ckd/polycystic_kidney_disease.html

Preparation Treatment Options NKF Patient Admission Optimising Health ... Urinary Tract Infection Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is the commonest inherited cause of kidney failure in adults. It is genetically acquired and has two forms - the dominant and the recessive form. Most adults with PKD have the dominant form. Recessive form causes problems much earlier (during childhood) and life expectancy is usually not beyond the teenage years. In the dominant PKD form, one parent must have the disease and the chance of passing the gene to the offspring is 50%. There are instances of spontaneous genetic mutations whereby the parents do not carry the flawed gene but the offspring is still afflicted with the condition. This genetic flaw causes the development of multiple cysts to evolve from the nephrons. Cysts are abnormal pouches containing fluid. Eventually the cysts replace normal kidney tissue and the person with this condition suffers end stage kidney failure. Cysts also develop in the liver and pancreas. Signs and symptoms: Dull pain at the side of the abdomen (flank) and back Blood in the urine

79. Polycystic Kidney Disease Urology. polycystic kidney Disease (PKD). What is polycystic kidney disease(PKD)? polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a genetic disorder http://www.mcghealthcare.org/urology/polycyst/polycyst.htm

MCG Health System Phone Numbers: (706) 721-CARE 1-800-736-CARE Request an Appointment Online Urology Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD) What is polycystic kidney disease (PKD)? Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a genetic disorder characterized by the growth of numerous cysts filled with fluid in the kidneys. PKD cysts can reduce kidney function, leading to kidney failure. PKD can also cause cysts in the liver and problems in other organs, such as the heart and blood vessels in the brain. PKD is the fourth leading cause of kidney failure and affects approximately 500,00 people in the US. According to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), about one-half of people with autosomal dominant PKD progress to kidney failure, or end-stage renal disease (ESRD). What are the different types of PKD? There are two primary inherited forms of PKD and one non-inherited form: Autosomal dominant PKD (inherited) Autosomal recessive PKD (inherited) Acquired cystic kidney disease, or ACKD (non-inherited)

80. Polycystic Kidney Disease polycystic kidney Disease. Inheritance, autosomal dominant. polycystic kidneyDisease (PKD) is an ideal way to introduce your students to transplants. http://www.usoe.k12.ut.us/curr/Science/core/bio/genetics/polycystic_kidney.htm

Polycystic Kidney Disease Inheritance autosomal dominant Occurrence about 600,000 cases in the United States Description a disease which causes cysts to grow on a person's kidneys (and liver); the third leading cause of kidney failure in the United States Testing there is testing available through ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging Treatment there is currently no cure or effective treatment for PKD; half of all patients develop kidney failure and need either constant dialysis or transplantation Organ Transplants Background: This is also a very relevant activity since most states identify organ transplant donors when an individual receives his or her driver license. Many students will be making these decisions in the near future (or have already made these decisions). Activity: Here are some ideas for students to research. There is a great deal of information available on the Internet. If your school has a computer lab, this would be an ideal topic to have students research on the Internet in groups. Here are some possible topics. (1) Which organs can be transplanted?

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