1. Porencephaly porencephaly is an extremely rare disorder of the central nervous system involving cysts or cavities in a cerebral hemisphere. http://healthlink.mcw.edu/article/921449639.html

Search Articles: search tips Please Take the HealthLink Survey Email this article Print this article Find related articles: By topic: Neurology By keywords: Receive Health Link via email! Subscribe now >> Porencephaly Porencephaly is an extremely rare disorder of the central nervous system involving cysts or cavities in a cerebral hemisphere. The cysts or cavities are usually the remnants of destructive lesions, but are sometimes the result of abnormal development. The disorder can occur before or after birth. Most infants show symptoms of the disorder shortly after birth. Diagnosis is usually made before age 1. Signs may include delayed growth and development, spastic paresis (slight or incomplete paralysis), hypotonia (low muscle tone), seizures (often infantile spasms), and macrocephaly (large head) or microcephaly (small head). Individuals with porencephaly may have poor or absent speech development, epilepsy, hydrocephalus, spastic contractures (shrinkage or shortening of a muscle), and mental retardation. Treatment may include physical therapy, medication for seizure disorders, and a shunt for hydrocephalus.

2. NINDS Porencephaly Information Page porencephaly information sheet compiled by NINDS. http://www.ninds.nih.gov/health_and_medical/disorders/porencephaly.htm

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Accessible version Science for the Brain The nation's leading supporter of biomedical research on disorders of the brain and nervous system Browse all disorders Browse all health organizations More about Porencephaly Studies with patients Research literature Press releases Search NINDS... (help) Contact us My privacy NINDS is part of the National Institutes of Health NINDS Porencephaly Information Page Reviewed 06-11-2002 Get Web page suited for printing Email this to a friend or colleague Table of Contents (click to jump to sections) What is Porencephaly? Is there any treatment? What is the prognosis? What research is being done? ... Related NINDS Publications and Information What is Porencephaly? Porencephaly is an extremely rare disorder of the central nervous system involving cysts or cavities in a cerebral hemisphere. The cysts or cavities are usually the remnants of destructive lesions (due to stroke or infection), but are sometimes the result of abnormal development. The disorder can occur before or after birth. Most infants show symptoms of the disorder shortly after birth. Diagnosis is usually made before age 1. Signs may include delayed growth and development, spastic hemiplegia (slight or incomplete paralysis), hypotonia (low muscle tone), seizures (often infantile spasms), and macrocephaly (large head) or microcephaly (small head). Individuals with porencephaly may have poor or absent speech development, epilepsy, hydrocephalus, spastic contractures (shrinkage or shortening of a muscle), and mental retardation.

3. The Contact A Family Directory - PORENCEPHALY printer friendly. porencephaly. home. more about us http://www.cafamily.org.uk/Direct/p30.html

printer friendly PORENCEPHALY home more about us in your area conditions information ... how you can help search this site Porencephaly: porencephalic cyst This is a condition whereby there are isolated cavities within the cerebral hemisphere. They may or may not be single and there may be communication with ventricles and other subarachnoid space. The aetiology is thought to be that there is a localised destruction of brain tissue due to a number of causes but potentially including toxaemia, maternal injuries, infection, hypoxic injury or even intra-uterine intra-cerebral haemorrhage. Its overall incidence is unknown, aetiology must be multi-factorial and some series suggest that there is a risk that a patient with porencephaly has at 2-4% chance of having a child with a neural tube defect. There is no specific treatment other than symptomatic for conditions that may have caused it . There may be seizures but most of the time these present as incidental findings. Inheritance patterns None.

4. Porencephaly-cerebellar Hypoplasia-internal Malformations Syndrome A summary about porencephaly and a list of major features. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/jablonski/syndromes/syndrome535.html

Multiple Congenital Anomaly/Mental Retardation (MCA/MR) Syndromes View the Full Record Syndrome porencephaly-cerebellar hypoplasia-internal malformations syndrome Summary A congenital syndrome of bilateral porencephaly, absence of the septum pellucidum, and cerebellar hypoplasia. Situs inversus and tetralogy of Fallot were observed in one of the original cases and atrial septal defect in the other. Both infants were retarded. Major Features Head and neck: Macrocephaly and mildly dysmorphic facies. Eyes: Hypertelorism, corneal clouding, pale optic nerve, and oval pupils. Mouth and oral structures: Broad alveolar ridges and highly arched palate. Muscles: Hypertonia. Nervous system: Porencephaly, absence of septum pellucidum, cerebellar hypoplasia, hydrocephalus, cerebral cortex abnormalities, hyperactive tendon reflexes, and seizures. Cardiovascular system: Situs inversus, tetralogy of Fallot, and atrial septal defect. Growth and development: Mental retardation. Behavior and performance: Feeding difficulty. Heredity: The syndrome is familial and is transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait.

5. Developmental Disorder - Online Neuropathology Atlas Case 2 porencephaly Levels Septum Pellucidum. Cerebral Peduncle http://www.neuropat.dote.hu/develop.htm

Developmental Brain Diseases Case 1: Hemiatrophia cerebri (8-year-old girl) Dorsal View Lateral View Ventral View Levels: Caudate Nucleus Septum Pellucidum Mammillary Body Case 2: Porencephaly Levels: Septum Pellucidum Cerebral Peduncle (click on any image for larger view) Case 3: Agenesia vermis cerebelli Ventral View Lateral View var site="sm5hegeduskdote" Last modified: February 17, 2001 If you have any comments, please, contact Neuroanatomy Structures Online Neuropathology Atlas Internet Handbook of Neurology

6. PORENCEPHALY Pediatric Database (PEDBASE); Discipline CNS; Last Updated 5/22/94porencephaly. DEFINTION A congenital anomaly of the central nervous http://www.icondata.com/health/pedbase/files/PORENCEP.HTM

Pediatric Database (PEDBASE) Discipline: CNS Last Updated: 5/22/94 PORENCEPHALY DEFINTION: A congenital anomaly of the central nervous system (CNS) resulting in the formation of fluid-filled cysts or cavities within the cerebrum. EPIDEMIOLOGY: incidence: ? age of onset: infancy to childhood risk factors: a well-defined destructive event (see below) associated anomalies: induction disorders encephalocele proliferation disorders microcephaly migration disorders heterotopic grey matter pachygyria linear sebaceous nevi developmental failure of cerebral venous sinuses alopecia or other cranial defects TYPES: 1. Type I - True Porencephalic Cysts cysts arise by a faulty induction process and/or aberrant neuronal migration associated with disorders of induction, proliferation, and other migration disorders cysts most frequently located in region of the sylvian fissure cysts may communicate with the ventricles, cerebral cortical surface, and/or subarachnoid space a cyst communicating with the ventricles can act as a rapidly growing space-occupying lesion if a one-way valve mechanism occurs associated with more severe neurologic manifestations 2. Type II - Pseudoporencephalic Cysts

7. NINDS Notes - November 2000 Children with porencephaly, Stroke, and Cerebral Palsy Sought forStudy. Investigators at the National Institute of Neurological http://www.ninds.nih.gov/funding/nindsnotes11-00.htm

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Accessible version Science for the Brain The nation's leading supporter of biomedical research on disorders of the brain and nervous system Research funding NINDS funding strategy Funding opportunities ... Contact staff Training funding Research training and career development grants Special training and research funding Minorities and persons with disabilities Frequently asked ... Advisory council Search NINDS... (help) Contact us My privacy NINDS is part of the National Institutes of Health NINDS Notes - November 2000 Get Web page suited for printing Email this to a friend or colleague Table of Contents Program Announcements (Grant Applications) Basic and Translational Research on Emotion HIV-1 Infection and the Peripheral Nervous System Programs of Excellence in Biomedical Computing Research on Biomedical Information Science and Technology ... Research Relevant to Space Flight Request for Applications Functional MRI and Intervention for Cognitive Deficits After Traumatic Brain Injury Patient Volunteers Needed Menkes Disease Porencephaly, Stroke, and Cerebral Palsy

8. Porencephaly porencephaly is an extremely rare disorder of the central nervoussystem involving a cyst or cavity in a cerebral hemisphere. The http://thecpnetwork.netfirms.com/porencephaly.html

This site is hosted by Netfirms Web Hosting *~Porencephaly~* Directory: Cephalic Disorders Home Anecephaly Cebocephaly ... Research PORENCEPHALY is an extremely rare disorder of the central nervous system involving a cyst or cavity in a cerebral hemisphere. The cysts or cavities are usually the remnants of destructive lesions, but are sometimes the result of abnormal development. The disorder can occur before or after birth. Porencephaly most likely has a number of different, often unknown causes, including absence of brain development and destruction of brain tissue. The presence of porencephalic cysts can sometimes be detected by transillumination of the skull in infancy. The diagnosis may be confirmed by CT, MRI, or ultrasonography. More severely affected infants show symptoms of the disorder shortly after birth, and the diagnosis is usually made before age 1. Signs may include delayed growth and development, spastic paresis (slight or incomplete paralysis), hypotonia (decreased muscle tone), seizures (often infantile spasms), and macrocephaly or microcephaly. Individuals with porencephaly may have poor or absent speech development, epilepsy, hydrocephalus, spastic contractures (shrinkage or shortening of muscles), and mental retardation. Treatment may include physical therapy, medication for seizure disorders, and a shunt for hydrocephalus. The prognosis for individuals with porencephaly varies according to the location and extent of the lesion. Some patients with this disorder may develop only minor neurological problems and have normal intelligence, while others may be severely disabled. Others may die before the second decade of life.

9. DIRECTORY.TERADEX.COM - Health/Fitness/Diseases/Neurological Disorders/Porenceph MCW Health Link An article about porencephaly, which is an extremely rare disorder of the central nervous system http://directory.teradex.com/Health_Fitness/Diseases/Neurological_Disorders/Pore

preloadImages('as_free_x-mail_s','as_anonymous','as_ad-space'); Add your Web Site Add Search to your Site Search for: Search through: Entire site Porencephaly DIRECTORY Health/Fitness Diseases Neurological Disorders ... MCW Health Link - An article about porencephaly, which is an extremely rare disorder of the central nervous system involving cysts or cavities in a cerebral hemisphere. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke - Porencephaly information sheet compiled by NINDS. National Library of Medicine - A summary about porencephaly and a list of major features. The CaF Directory - A brief description of porencephaly along with a contact group for those residing in the UK. Submit Premium Listing! $10 for two years Sign Up User Name: Password: Edit in Real Time, Banner Placement Help build the largest human-edited directory on the web. Submit a Site Open Directory Project Become an Editor This site is presented in modified Open Directory form E-Mail: webmaster@teradex.com

10. Hydranencephaly Hydranencephaly is an extreme form of porencephaly (a rare disorder, discussedlater in this fact sheet, characterized by a cyst or cavity in the cerebral http://thecpnetwork.netfirms.com/hydranencephaly.html

This site is hosted by Netfirms Web Hosting *~Hydranencephaly~* Directory: Cephalic Disorders Home Anecephaly Cebocephaly ... Research HYDRANENCEPHALY After several months of life, seizures and hydrocephalus may develop. Other symptoms may include visual impairment, lack of growth, deafness, blindness, spastic quadriparesis (paralysis), and intellectual deficits. Hydranencephaly is an extreme form of porencephaly (a rare disorder, discussed later in this fact sheet, characterized by a cyst or cavity in the cerebral hemispheres) and may be caused by vascular insult or injuries, infections, or traumatic disorders after the 12th week of pregnancy. There is no standard treatment for hydranencephaly. Treatment is symptomatic and supportive. Hydrocephalus may be treated with a shunt. The outlook for children with hydranencephaly is poor. Death generally occurs before age 1. D Angel's info@cp-network.org for further information. Last updated

11. Porencephaly porencephaly Directory Cephalic Disorders. http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/Plains/8950/porencephaly.html

12. The Cerebral Palsy Network Hydranencephaly is an extreme form of porencephaly (a rare disorder, discussedlater in this fact sheet, characterized by a cyst or cavity in the cerebral http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/Plains/8950/hydranencephaly.html

The Cerebral Palsy Network Cephalic Disorders Anencephaly Cebocephaly Colpocephaly Ethmocephaly ... Research About CPN About CPN Join CPN Member's Center CPN's Committees ... Email Us Around CPN Amanda's Friends Adults with CP CPN Moms CPN UPDATES ... Award of Excellence Resource Center CPN's Bookstore CPN's V Store Regional Directors Disability Library ... View Our Guest book HYDRANENCEPHALY is a rare condition in which the cerebral hemispheres are absent and replaced by sacs filled with cerebrospinal fluid. Usually the cerebellum and brainstem are formed normally. An infant with Hydranencephaly may appear normal at birth. The infant’s head size and spontaneous reflexes such as sucking, swallowing, crying, and moving the arms and legs may all seem normal. However, after a few weeks the infant usually becomes irritable and has increased muscle tone (hypertonia) After several months of life, seizures and hydrocephalus may develop. Other symptoms may include visual impairment, lack of growth, deafness, blindness, spastic quadriparesis

13. Porencephaly http://spinwarp.ucsd.edu/NeuroWeb/Key-Facts/br-140por.html

14. Tuberous Sclerosis Of The Brain porencephaly of the Brain From the Virtual Pathology Museum, Department ofPathology, University of Connecticut Health Center. porencephaly, Brain. http://155.37.5.42/Code/1575.htm

Tuberous sclerosis, Brain Tuberous Sclerosis •View of the base and frontal lobes of the brain showing tubers or hard, potato like gyri at the arrows seen in tuberous sclerosis. •Tubers contain malformed neurons and astrocytes which form the nidus for seizures often found in patients with this disease. Image Contrib. by:Margaret Grunnet, M.D. UCHC Description by: Margaret Grunnet, M.D. ( 672-6357) More Information

15. Porencephaly porencephaly. What is porencephaly? The prognosis for individuals with porencephalyvaries according to the location and extent of the lesions. http://www.clevelandclinic.org/health/health-info/docs/1300/1324.asp?index=6099

16. Show-documents.asp porencephaly Written Information. Care Treatment., porencephaly. New Search. Health Extra Menu. http://www.clevelandclinic.org/healthextra/do-query.asp?TopicId=1343

17. Porencephaly Of The Brain porencephaly of Brain From the Virtual Pathology Museum, Departmentof Pathology, University of Connecticut Health Center. http://radiology.uchc.edu/eAtlas/CNS/671.htm

18. NINDS Porencephaly Information Page porencephaly information sheet compiled by the National Institute of NeurologicalDisorders and Stroke (NINDS). More about NINDS porencephaly Information Page. http://accessible.ninds.nih.gov/health_and_medical/disorders/porencephaly.htm

Disorders - National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) Skip menus Main sections of the NINDS web site Home About NINDS Disorders-you are in this section ... Find People Disorders section pages and search Image Description Science For the Brain The nation's leading supporter of biomedical research on disorders of the brain and nervous system. Select Topic Disorder Quick Links Alzheimer's Autism Cerebral Palsy Chronic Pain Epilepsy Headache Multiple Sclerosis Parkinson's Stroke Traumatic Brain Injury More about NINDS Porencephaly Information Page Studies with patients Research literature Press release NINDS Search (search help) Contact us My privacy NINDS is part of the National Institutes of Health Contact us Content for this page NINDS Porencephaly Information Page Reviewed 06-11-2002 Get Web page suited for printing Email this to a friend or colleague Table of Contents (click to jump to sections) What is Porencephaly? Is there any treatment? What is the prognosis? What research is being done? ... Related NINDS Publications and Information What is Porencephaly? Porencephaly is an extremely rare disorder of the central nervous system involving cysts or cavities in a cerebral hemisphere. The cysts or cavities are usually the remnants of destructive lesions (due to stroke or infection), but are sometimes the result of abnormal development. The disorder can occur before or after birth. Most infants show symptoms of the disorder shortly after birth. Diagnosis is usually made before age 1. Signs may include delayed growth and development, spastic hemiplegia (slight or incomplete paralysis), hypotonia (low muscle tone), seizures (often infantile spasms), and macrocephaly (large head) or microcephaly (small head). Individuals with porencephaly may have poor or absent speech development, epilepsy, hydrocephalus, spastic contractures (shrinkage or shortening of a muscle), and mental retardation.

19. Porencephaly HOME porencephaly. porencephaly of the Brain (Including Photo); A Pilot Study ofAbnormal Acquired and Genetic Coagulation Factors in Children with porencephaly; http://www.bdid.com/porencephaly.htm

HOME Porencephaly Porencephaly of the Brain (Including Photo) A Pilot Study of Abnormal Acquired and Genetic Coagulation Factors in Children with Porencephaly Porencephaly DWS, Arachnoid Cyst, Porencephaly Porencephaly ... Porencephaly (Including Photos) Porencephaly information sheet Porencephaly Listserv NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASE HOME

20. ABSENT SEPTUM PELLUCIDUM-PORENCEPHALY Features Listed For ABSENT SEPTUM PELLUCIDUMporencephaly. McKusickHydranencephaly/porencephaly/arachnoid cyst; Optic atrophy; Ptosis http://www.hgmp.mrc.ac.uk/dhmhd-bin/hum-look-up?2018

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