1. Migraine Chapter,Retinal ,  B.Todd Troost A discussion about retinal migraine along with graphics. http://imigraine.net/migraine/retinal.html

The IHS code is 1.4 for retinal migraine. The exact genetic predisposition to this subtype of migraine headache is unknown. The familial occurrence is similar to that expected in all patients with migraine preceded by visual aura, with an estimated 25% positive familial history. Retinal migraine is expected to be more common in women than men, which is true of migraine headaches in general, but this also has not be documented. One may consider two forms of anterior visual pathway migraine: (1) transient monocular blindness and (2) permanent unilateral visual loss, a much less common occurrence. Figure 11. Retinal migraine. A. During amaurotic episode. Note dusky appearance of fundus, increased retinal opacity (edema?), and dark, narrowed veins (arrows). Disc is hyperemic. B. Fundus after episode. Note normal caliber of veins (arrows). (Photographs courtesy of Dr. J. Reimer Wolter) Clinical Features of Retinal Migraine The IHS diagnostic criteria for retinal migraine are as follows: A. At least 2 attacks fulfilling B-C.

2. 1Up Health > Health Links Directory > Conditions And Diseases: Neurological Diso A discussion about retinal migraine along with graphics. Internet Ophthalmology Patient Education Library http://www.1uphealth.com/links/migraine-retinal.html

Home Contact Us Privacy Caring For Your Well Being Alternative Medicine Clinical Trials Health News Poisons ... Health Topics A-Z Search 1Up Health Health Directory Addictions Alternative Animal ... Weight Loss By Demography Child Health Teen Health Men's Health Women's Health ... Migraine : Retinal See Related Categories Health: Conditions and Diseases: Neurological Disorders: Headaches: Migraine: Ophthalmoplegic Sites Description of ocular migraine with example images. Eyes and more Short article on ophthalmic migraine. Grand Rapids Ophthalmology Offers a definition of ocular migraines, its symptoms treatments and complications. iMigraine A discussion about retinal migraine along with graphics. Internet Ophthalmology: Patient Education Library A brief discussion about ocular migraines, a visual disturbance in which visual images look gray or have a wavy appearance. sci.med.vision: Frequently Asked Questions Part 3/5 Contains information about ocular migraine. Spots and floaters Description of visual spots and floaters, causes and treatments. Vision and Eyecare FAQ: section5 Vision and Eye care overview elaborated to answer Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) and to assist understanding of human vision and eyecare.

3. Migraine Diagnosis 1.3 Ophthalmoplegic migraine. 1.4 retinal migraine. 1.5 Childhood periodic syndromes that may be precursors to or http://www.upstate.edu/neurology/haas/hpmidx.htm

Headache Cybertext/ Migraine Diagnosis Homepage Classification of migraine by the International Headache Society, 1988 (with code numbers) 1.1 Migraine without aura 1.2 Migraine with aura 1.2.1 Migraine with typical aura 1.2.2 Migraine with prolonged aura 1.2.3 Familial hemiplegic migraine 1.2.4 Basilar migraine 1.2.5 Migraine aura without headache 1.2.6 Migraine with acute onset aura 1.3 Ophthalmoplegic migraine 1.4 Retinal migraine 1.5 Childhood periodic syndromes that may be precursors to or associated with migraine 1.5.1 Benign paroxysmal vertigo 1.5.2 Alternating hemiplegia 1.6 Complications of migraine 1.6.1 Status migrainosus 1.6.2 Migrainous infarction 1.7 Migrainous disorder not fulfilling above criteria Migraine and the menstrual cycle Top of page Homepage Top of page ... Homepage The main types of migraine in office practice Most migraines seen in physicians' offices are migraine without aura (formerly called "common migraine") and migraine with aura (formerly called "classic migraine" by some). Migraine aura without headache is also quite common, and is seen often by ophthalmologists. Neurologists and headache specialists often treat status migrainosus, characterized by a headache phase of over 72 hours. The other migraine types are listed in the left side bar and are fully described in the Headache Classification Committee's classification (1988).

4. MIGRAINE CLASSIFICATION AND DIAGNOSIS CRITERIA 1.3 Opthalmoplegic migraine. 1.4 retinal migraine. 1.5 Childhood periodic syndromes that may be precursors to or http://www.pitt.edu/~elsst21/mcldi.html

MIGRAINE CLASSIFICATION AND DIAGNOSIS CRITERIA International Headache Society Classification of Migraine 1.1 Migraine without aura 1.2 Migraine with aura 1.2.1 Migraine with typical aura 1.2.2 Migraine with prolonged aura 1.2.3 Familial hemiplegic migraine 1.2.4 Basilar migraine 1.2.5 Migraine aura without headache 1.2.6 Migraine with acute onset aura 1.3 Opthalmoplegic migraine 1.4 Retinal migraine 1.5 Childhood periodic syndromes that may be precursors to or associated with migraine 1.5.1 Benign paroxysmal vertigo of childhood 1.5.2 Alternating hemiplegia of childhood 1.6 Complications of migraine 1.6.1 Status migrainous 1.6.2 Migrainous infarction 1.7 Migrainous disorder not fulfilling above criteria International Headache Society Diagnosis Criteria for Migraine Without aura 1. At least 5 attacks fulfilling 2-4 2. Headache attacks lasting 4-72 hours (untreated or unsuccessfully treated) 3. Headache has at least two of the following four characteristics: - unilateral location - pulsating quality - moderate or severe intensity which inhibits or prohibits daily activities - aggrevated by walking stairs or similar routine physical activity 4. During headache at least one of the two following symptoms occur:

5. Eye Conditions > Retinal Migraine -- EyeMDLink.com Last Updated 9/25/2001. retinal migraine. Patients diagnosed with retinalmigraine may be treated in the same fashion as patients with migraine. http://www.eyemdlink.com/Condition.asp?ConditionID=387

6. Migraine Chapter,Retinal ,  B.Todd Troost The IHS code is 1.4 for retinal migraine. A short description from the Headache Classification Committee is the following repeated attacks of monocular scotoma or blindness lasting less than one hour and associated with headache. http://www.imigraine.net/migraine/retinal.html

The IHS code is 1.4 for retinal migraine. The exact genetic predisposition to this subtype of migraine headache is unknown. The familial occurrence is similar to that expected in all patients with migraine preceded by visual aura, with an estimated 25% positive familial history. Retinal migraine is expected to be more common in women than men, which is true of migraine headaches in general, but this also has not be documented. One may consider two forms of anterior visual pathway migraine: (1) transient monocular blindness and (2) permanent unilateral visual loss, a much less common occurrence. Figure 11. Retinal migraine. A. During amaurotic episode. Note dusky appearance of fundus, increased retinal opacity (edema?), and dark, narrowed veins (arrows). Disc is hyperemic. B. Fundus after episode. Note normal caliber of veins (arrows). (Photographs courtesy of Dr. J. Reimer Wolter) Clinical Features of Retinal Migraine The IHS diagnostic criteria for retinal migraine are as follows: A. At least 2 attacks fulfilling B-C.

7. Eye Conditions > Migraine -- EyeMDLink.com Also referred to as Ocular Migraine Visual Migraine retinal migraine Migraine Headacheis a common condition that frequently begins in adolescence or early http://www.eyemdlink.com/Condition.asp?ConditionID=288

8. Pain Management - Pregnancy Back Pain - Webmd - Retinal Migraine Welcome to the WebMD Pain Management Center, learn about symptoms, treatments and more for retinal migraine. http://redirect-west.inktomi.com/click?u=http://ads.247wsr.com/6103-2154584-1-8-

9. Retinal And Ophthalmoplegic Migraine . 1.4 retinal migraine. RETURN. 1.3 OPHTHALMOPLEGIC MIGRAINE. Parasellarlesion ruled out by appropriate investigations. 1.4 retinal migraine. http://www.dent.ucla.edu/sod/depts/oralfacial/courses/merrill/ret.html

1.3 OPHTHALMOPLEGIC MIGRAINE 1.4 RETINAL MIGRAINE RETURN 1.3 OPHTHALMOPLEGIC MIGRAINE Description: Repeated attacks of headache associated with paresis of one or more ocular cranial nerves in the absence of demonstrable intracranial lesion. Other cranial nerves may be involved and the following conditions should be considered: Diabetic cranial neuropathy Intracranial aneurysm/tumor Tolosa-Hunt syndrome (painful ophthalmoplegia) Acute glaucoma Ocular pseudotumor CNS infiltrative or infectious disease NOTE: The fact that this syndrome may involve the oculomotor nerves and the ophthalmic division of the 5th nerve suggests that the anatomic localization of the lesion may be close to the cavernous sinus. Angiographic evidence of constriction of the internal carotic artery in the region of the cavernous sinus has been demonstrated in a few patients during attacks of this headache. Diagnostic Criteria: At least 2 attacks fulfilling B. Headache overlapping with paresis of one or more of cranial nerves III, IV, and VI. Parasellar lesion ruled out by appropriate investigations.

10. DIRECTORY.TERADEX.COM - Health/Fitness/Diseases/Neurological Disorders/Headaches iMigraine A discussion about retinal migraine along with graphics. http://directory.teradex.com/Health_Fitness/Diseases/Neurological_Disorders/Head

preloadImages('as_free_x-mail_s','as_anonymous','as_ad-space'); Add your Web Site Add Search to your Site Search for: Search through: Entire site Retinal DIRECTORY Health/Fitness Diseases Neurological Disorders ... Retinal - Description of ocular migraine with example images. Eyes and more - Short article on ophthalmic migraine. Grand Rapids Ophthalmology - Offers a definition of ocular migraines, its symptoms treatments and complications. Internet Ophthalmology: Patient Education Library - A brief discussion about ocular migraines, a visual disturbance in which visual images look gray or have a wavy appearance. Spots and floaters - Description of visual spots and floaters, causes and treatments. Vision and Eyecare FAQ: section5 - Vision and Eye care overview elaborated to answer Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) and to assist understanding of human vision and eyecare. What is ophthalmic migraine? - Description of ophthalmic migraine. iMigraine - A discussion about retinal migraine along with graphics. sci.med.vision: Frequently Asked Questions Part 3/5

11. Headache Classification 1.2.5 Migraine aura without headache. 1.4 retinal migraine. 1.5 Childhoodperiodic syndromes that may be precursors to or associated with migraine. http://www.dent.ucla.edu/sod/depts/oralfacial/courses/merrill/haclass.html

Classification of Headache Robert L. Merrill, DDS, MS Adjunct Associate Professor UCLA School of Dentistry Most of the research work published in the past was difficult to interpret because there were no clearly defined criteria established for the diagnosis of different types of headache. This problem was addressed by the International Headache Society (IHS) in 1988 when the "Classification and Diagnostic Criteria for Headache Disorders, Cranial Neuralgias and Facial Pain" was published. All the publications subsequent to that have relied on these criteria for the diagnosis of various headache syndromes. A familiarity with this classification will be worthwhile. Some aspects of the classification and diagnostic criteria will be detailed in the following sections. 13 general groupings of headache disorders Migraine Tension-type Headache Cluster Headache and Chronic Paroxysmal Hemicrania Miscellaneous headaches unassociated with structural lesions Headache associated with head trauma Headache associated with vascular disorders. Headache associated with non-vascular intracranial disorder Headache associated with substances or their withdrawal Headache associated with non-cephalic infections.

12. JAMA Migraine Information Center - Neurotology Of Migraine Symptoms Are Common W In particular, retinal migraine is defined as "a type of ophthalmic migraine with retinal symptoms such as monocular http://www.ama-assn.org/special/migraine/library/readroom/neuroful.htm

13. Retinal, Student Lecture,  B.Todd Troost The IHS code is 1.4 for retinal migraine. A short episodes. retinal migraineoccurs more frequently than ophthalmoplegic migraine. We http://imigraine.net/student/studretina.html

Return to Student Lecture Outline The IHS code is 1.4 for retinal migraine. A short description from the Headache Classification Committee is the following: repeated attacks of monocular scotoma or blindness lasting less than one hour and associated with headache. Other ocular or structural vascular disorder must be ruled out. Additional terms include: ocular migraine, anterior visual pathway migraine, and ophthalmic migraine. This condition may be broadly defined as a transient or permanent monocular visual disturbance accompanying a migraine attack or occurring in an individual with a strong history of migrainous episodes. Retinal migraine occurs more frequently than ophthalmoplegic migraine. We estimate the frequency of strictly monocular visual phenomena occurring in conjunction with migraine to be one of 200 migraine sufferers. Frequently, however, homonymous visual field phenomena in migraineurs is incorrectly attributed to a single eye. For example, a patient with transient right homonymous hemianopia might think that the right eye is affected, because normally the right temporal hemifield is 30-40 degrees larger than the left nasal hemifield. Return to Student Lecture Outline

14. Retinal Migraine: NOT First Previous Next Last Index Home Text. Slide 29 of 43. http://www.wfubmc.edu/neurology/lectures/slctalks/slcmigraine/sld029.htm

15. Retinal Migraine Is Not First Previous Next Last Index Home Text. Slide 27 of 43. http://www.wfubmc.edu/neurology/lectures/slctalks/slcmigraine/sld027.htm

16. Etinal Migraine Is Repeated Attacks Of Monocular Scotoma Or Blindness Lasting Le retinal migraine occurs more frequently than opthalmoplegic migraine.We general. The IHS Diagnostic Criteria For retinal migraine http://www.headachepainfree.com/retinal.htm

HeadachePainfree.Com etinal migraine is repeated attacks of monocular scotoma or blindness lasting less than one hour and associated with headache. Additional terms include: ocular migraine, anterior visual pathway migraine, and opthalmic migraine. This condition may be broadly defined as a transient or permanent monocular visual disturbance accompanying a migraine attack or occurring in an individual with a strong history of migrainous episodes. Retinal migraine occurs more frequently than opthalmoplegic migraine. We estimate the frequency of strictly monocular visual phenomena occurring in conjunction with migraine to be 1 of 200 migraine sufferers. The exact genetic predisposition to this subtype of migraine headache is unknown. The familial occurrence is similar to that expected in all patients with migraine preceded by visual aura, with an estimated 25% positive familial history. Retinal migraine is expected to be more common in women than men, which is true of migraine headaches in general. The IHS Diagnostic Criteria For Retinal Migraine: 1. Fully reversible monocular scotoma or blindness lasting less than 60 minutes and confirmed by examination during attack or by patient's drawing of monocular field defect during an attack.

17. Migraine Is Most Often A Syndrome Including One Or More Symptoms That Either Coe They are the toughest to treat and the most debilitating. Basilar Artery Migraine.Familial Hemiplegic Migraine. Opthalmoplegic Migraine. retinal migraine. http://www.headachepainfree.com/migraines2.htm

HeadachePainfree.Com Migraine has been part of recorded history for more than five thousand years. Though the word migraine is a French term, it traces back to the Greek hemicrania to describe one of migraine's distinguishing features: pain on one side (hemi) of the head (cranium). But anyone who has had migraines knows that head pain is just one of several symptoms that occur before or along with the headache and migraine pain is not always one-sided. Migraine is most often a syndrome including one or more symptoms that either coexist or build up progressively over time. For example many, but not all, people are warned of impending headache by neurological (brain-related) disturbances called auras . Headache experts divide the migraine pupulation into two major groups: those who have migraine with aura (formerly Classic Migraine), and those who have migraine without aura (formerly Common Migraine). Only about 10 to 20 percent of migraine sufferers have auras. Who gets Migraines?

18. EMedicine - Migraine Variants : Article Excerpt By: Gretchen L Birbeck, MD Ophthalmoplegic migraine. retinal migraine. retinal migraine. retinal migraineprobably is due to vasospasm of the choroidal or retinal arteries. http://www.emedicine.com/neuro/byname/migraine-variants.htm

(advertisement) Excerpt from Migraine Variants Synonyms, Key Words, and Related Terms: complex migraines, migraine equivalent, familial hemiplegic migraine, basilar migraine, benign coital migraine, ophthalmoplegic migraine, retinal migraine, cyclic vomiting syndrome, acute confusional migraine, abdominal migraine Please click here to view the full topic text: Migraine Variants Background: Many conditions exist under the rubric of “migraine variant.” Migraine variants (MVs) generally are paroxysmal disorders, which include either headache as a prominent feature among a collection of symptoms or occurrence in individuals who have a personal or family history of migraine. MVs occur more frequently in children and adolescents than in adults; they may precede the development of more typical migraines in adulthood. MVs are less recognized, less understood, and far less common than migraines; consequently, little population-based data are available describing the incidence or prevalence of MVs. Few randomized, controlled trials exist that describe efficacious treatments for these unusual entities. Recognition of MV is important, since many respond to typical antimigraine medications. Also, the clinical presentation of MV may suggest ominous disease processes which can lead to extensive and invasive diagnostic evaluations that may not be warranted. MVs include the following: Familial hemiplegic migraine Basilar migraine Benign coital headache Ophthalmoplegic migraine Retinal migraine Alternating hemiplegic migraine (primarily in childhood)

19. EMedicine - Migraine Variants : Article By Gretchen L Birbeck, MD migraine equivalent, familial hemiplegic migraine, basilar migraine, benign coitalmigraine, ophthalmoplegic migraine, retinal migraine, cyclic vomiting http://www.emedicine.com/NEURO/topic219.htm

document.write(''); (advertisement) Home Specialties CME PDA ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Patient Education Advanced Search Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Neurology Headache And Pain Migraine Variants Last Updated: February 8, 2002 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: complex migraines, migraine equivalent, familial hemiplegic migraine, basilar migraine, benign coital migraine, ophthalmoplegic migraine, retinal migraine, cyclic vomiting syndrome, acute confusional migraine, abdominal migraine AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 9 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography Author: Gretchen L Birbeck, MD , Assistant Professor, Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology, Michigan State University Gretchen L Birbeck, MD, is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha , American Academy of Neurology, and Phi Beta Kappa Editor(s): Joseph Carcione, Jr, DO , Assistant Professor, Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD

20. David R. Hardten, MD - Eye Conditions - Migraine Migraine Last Updated 10/13/2001 Also referred to as Ocular Migraine Visual Migraineretinal migraine Migraine Headache is a common condition that frequently http://drhardten.eyemdlink.com/Condition.asp?ConditionID=288

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