81. Screening Examination Of Premature Infants For Retinopathy Of Prematurity Joint Information Statement Screening Guidelines for retinopathy of prematurity BR . ScreeningExamination of Premature Infants for retinopathy of prematurity http://www.aao.org/aao/education/library/info_statement.cfm

help Last Name ID Number AAO Home Online Education Center Library Clinical Library Preferred Practice Patterns Summary Benchmarks Ophthalmic Technology Assessments Summary Recommendations ... Complementary Therapy Assessments Statements Policy Statements Rapid Clinical Reports Safety Bulletins Information Statements ... Member Alerts and Updates Screening Examination of Premature Infants for Retinopathy of Prematurity A Joint Statement of the American Academy of Pediatrics, Section on Ophthalmology; the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus; and the American Academy of Ophthalmology Download statement in .pdf format.* Abstract Introduction References Abstract This statement revises a previous statement on screening of premature infants for retinopathy of prematurity originally published in 1997. Introduction Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a retinal disorder of low birth weight premature infants potentially leading to blindness in a small but significant percentage of those infants. The results of the Multicenter Trial of Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity Cooperative Group indicated that treatment is associated with a 41% decrease in the occurrence of posterior retinal traction folds or detachments and a 19% to 24% decrease in the incidence of blindness when evaluated 5 years later. Because of the sequential nature of the progression of ROP, the proven benefits of cryotherapy and, more recently, the acceptance of at least equivalent therapeutic benefit of laser therapy for the same indications

82. Laser Better Than Freezing For Treating Retinopathy Of Prematurity In Children is the conclusion of a major, twopart study on laser photocoagulation and cryotherapyin the treatment of threshold retinopathy of prematurity appearing in http://www.aao.org/aao/news/release/052202.cfm

help Last Name ID Number AAO Home News and Publications News Releases Laser Better than Freezing for Treating Retinopathy of Prematurity in Children May 5, 2002 Ophthalmology , the clinical journal of the American Academy of Ophthalmology, the Eye M.D. Association. In this clinical trial, 118 eyes of 66 patients with threshold retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) were randomly assigned to receive either cryotherapy or laser photocoagulation. Of these, 44 eyes of 25 patients were examined for 10-year follow-up evaluations. Eyes treated with the laser were over five times more likely to have 20/50 best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) or better than eyes treated with cryotherapy. Laser-treated eyes had a mean BCVA of 20/66, whereas cryotherapy-treated eyes had a mean BCVA of 20/182. Also, eyes treated with cryotherapy were over seven times more likely to develop retinal dragging, in which abnormal traction pulls the retina and retinal vessels from their normal position. In the 1950s, premature infants' exposure to high levels of oxygen was identified as a primary cause of ROP. Although the curtailment of oxygen therapy ended the epidemic of infant blindness, mortality and morbidity among premature infants increased. Preliminary data from another clinical trial now under way suggests that low levels of oxygen may also cause ROP. However, exposure to ambient light has been found to have no effect on the incidence or severity of ROP.

83. Retinopathy Of Prematurity retinopathy of prematurity. In its most severe form, retinopathy ofprematurity (ROP) can result in a total retinal detachment. The http://www.kidseyecancer.org/pro/cme/cme_29.htm

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84. Health Library - Retinopathy Of Prematurity retinopathy of prematurity. retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a potentiallyblinding disease affecting the retinas in premature infants. http://yalenewhavenhealth.org/library/healthguide/IllnessConditions/topic.asp?hw

85. Retinopathy Of Prematurity retinopathy of prematurity. retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is abnormalgrowth of blood vessels in the baby's eye. It is most common http://greene.xtn.net/~asgreene/rop.htm

Retinopathy of Prematurity Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) is abnormal growth of blood vessels in the baby's eye. It is most common in babies who are very premature, more than 12 weeks early. In development, blood vessels grow from the back central part of the eye out toward the edges. This process is completed just a few weeks before the normal time of delivery. In premature babies this process is not complete. If blood vessel growth proceeds normally, the baby does not develop ROP. If the vessels grow and branch abnormally the baby has ROP. It is not yet fully understood what all the factors are leading to ROP. It is known though, that it is the smallest and sickest babies who are at highest risk for ROP. If your baby is at risk for ROP, your baby's eyes will be checked by an ophthalmologist, a doctor specializing in eye problems. These exams start at about 4-6 weeks of age and occur regularly until the eye vessels have grown to the edges. If the ophthalmologist sees any abnormal growth of blood vessels, she will record the extent of ROP, called Staging. Infants who have ROP are followed with more frequent eye exams to watch for any progression. Stage I and early Stage II do not usually need any treatment. These stages may resolve on their own without further progression. Infants with Stage III may require treatment to stop the progression of the abnormal vessels. With treatment, the inner lining of the eye at the ends of these vessels is killed to prevent further abnormal growth of the blood vessels. This helps prevent the inner lining (retina) from being pulled away from the outer lining (detached) by the abnormal vessels.

86. Eye Care - Retinopathy Of Prematurity For a doctor who specializes in this topic, click here. retinopathy of prematurityWhat is retinopathy of prematurity? What causes retinopathy of prematurity? http://www.chkd.org/Ophthalmalogy/retnopth.asp

More Health Information Adolescent Medicine Allergy/Immunology Anesthesiology Arthritis Burns Cardiology Craniofacial Dental Medicine Dermatology Developmental Peds Diabetes Digestive Ear, Nose, Throat Genetics Gastroenterology Growth Hematology High Risk Newborn High Risk Pregnancy Infectious Disease Mental Health Neonatology Nephrology Neurology Normal Newborn Normal Pregnancy Oncology Ophthalmalogy Orthopaedics Otolaryngology Pediatric Intensive Care Pediatric Surgery Pediatrics Physical Medicine Plastic Surgery Respiratory/Pulmonology Rheumatology Safety Surgery Terminal Transplant Urology Site Search For a doctor who specializes in this topic, click here. Retinopathy of Prematurity What is retinopathy of prematurity? Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a disorder of the blood vessels of the retina (the light sensitive part of the eye). ROP is most common in premature babies. Generally, the more premature the baby and the lower the birthweight, the greater the risk for developing ROP. This disorder is sometimes called retrolental fibroplasia. What causes retinopathy of prematurity?

87. Understanding Retinopathy Of Prematurity Understanding retinopathy of prematurity. ROPARD Association for retinopathy of prematurityand Related Disorders, provides an Internet site at www.ropard.org. http://www.eyeassociates.com/understanding_retinopathy_of_pre.htm

Understanding Retinopathy of Prematurity Laura K. Windsor, O.D. Richard L. Windsor, O.D. The Low Vision Centers of Indiana Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP), originally called retrolental fibroplasia, was the leading cause of blindness in children in the 1940s and 1950s. It was first described in the medical literature in 1942 by Terry. In 1952, Campbell theorized that the condition was caused by the use of oxygen therapy to treat the immature lungs in premature infants. Today, we realize that oxygen is not the only factor in developing ROP. High levels of oxygen have been associated with ROP, but lower levels of oxygen may lead to more respiratory complications and death in premature infants. Better oxygen level monitoring has led to better control of the oxygen given to premature infants. Today, however, there is an increase in ROP due to the fact that neonatal care advances mean more low weight premature infants are surviving. Statistics ROP occurs in over 16% of all premature births. In babies weighing less than 1,700 grams at birth, over 50% will develop ROP. In the United States , over 2,100 children annually experience the complications of ROP. Of those estimates of 500 to 1,200 cases of new blindness or severe complications are reported.

88. Retinopathy Of Prematurity: A Clinical Approach retinopathy of prematurity A Clinical Approach. 5. Tasman W. The natural historyof active retinopathy of prematurity. Ophthalmology 1984;9114991502. http://www.mjm.mcgill.ca/issues/v01n01/retino.html

Retinopathy of Prematurity: A Clinical Approach Andrew Chow David Weinstock *, and Alan Berger , M.D., F.R.C.S.(C) * To whom correspondence should be addressed: Undergraduate Education Office, University of Toronto Room 3245, 1-Kings College Circle, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 1A8 Department of Ophthalmology, University of Toronto INTRODUCTION Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), previously known as retrolental fibroplasia, was first described by Terry in 1942 (1). It is a vasoproliferative disorder that is a leading cause of childhood blindness in the United States, causing 550 new cases of infant blindness each year (2). It occurs principally in premature infants treated with high concentrations of oxygen. There are two phases of ROP: (i) an acute phase in which normal vasculogenesis is interrupted, and (ii) a chronic phase in which vascular membranes proliferate into the vitreous. This proliferation can lead to retinal detachment, scarring of the macula, and significant visual loss (3). This article summarizes the incidence, pathophysiology, and classification of ROP. Current protocols for evaluating and treating ROP, as well as long-term sequelae, are also described.

89. CCHS Clinical Digital Library retinopathy of prematurity Clinical Resources. retinopathy of prematurityAccess document; Extremely Low Birth Weight Infant Access document. http://cchs-dl.slis.ua.edu/clinical/ophthalmology/retinal/retinopathy-prematurit

Clinical Resources by Topic: Ophthalmology Retinopathy of Prematurity Clinical Resources Pediatrics Pathology Clinical Guidelines News ... Miscellaneous Resources See also: Eye Evaluation Clinical Resources General Ophthalmology Clinical Resources Retinopathy of Prematurity Patient/Family Resources Pediatrics Resources See also General Pediatrics Resources Yanoff: Ophthalmology 1st Ed.-1999 (MD Consult): Table of contents Health Sciences Library subscription INFO Section 8 - Retina and Vitreous: Access document Chapter 19 - Vascular Disorders - Retinopathy of Prematurity: Access document Behrman: Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics 16th Ed.-2000 (MD Consult): Table of contents Health Sciences Library subscription INFO Chapter 637 - Disorders of the Retina and Vitreous: Access document Retinopathy of Prematurity: Access document Johns Hopkins: Harriet Lane Handbook 16th Ed.-2002 (MD Consult): Table of contents Health Sciences Library subscription INFO Chapter 17 - Neonatology: Access document Retinopathy of Prematurity: Access document Other MD Consult Reference Books Table of contents Health Sciences Library subscription INFO All MD Consult Reference Books for The Merck Manual 17th Ed.-1999:

90. Retinopathy Of Prematurity (ROP) Common Diagnoses. retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Premature babies sometimes havedamage to the blood vessels in the eye's retina, a condition known as ROP. http://www.hmc.psu.edu/nicu/services/rop.htm

91. Health Library - Retinopathy Of Prematurity retinopathy of prematurity. retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a potentiallyblinding disease affecting the retinas in premature infants. http://www.laurushealth.com/library/healthguide/illnessconditions/topic.asp?hwid

92. SOFTWARE FOR RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY SCREENING SOFTWARE FOR retinopathy of prematurity SCREENING. C. Vdgele', V. Seiberth'~,W. Jendritza', I. Vardarli', MC Knorz', H. Liesenhoff'. http://www.dog.org/engl/abstract97/K371.html

SOFTWARE FOR RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY SCREENING C. Vdgele', V. Seiberth'~, W. Jendritza', I. Vardarli', M. C. Knorz', H. Liesenhoff' The retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) screening aims at the complete detection of all preterm infants with threshold ROP. Methods. We developed a software running under Microsoft Windows 3.1 or Windows 95 programmed in Microsoft Access" Basic and Microsoft Visual Basic . The sofhvare allows to register all the preterm infant’s personal data (e.g., name, date of birth, birth weight, gestational age), data on risk factors, ROP findings, neonatological and ophthalmological treatment. The baby’s next examination can be scheduled bedside. Checking the due dates of re-examination and evaluation of data can easily be performed. For the screens are designed in Microsoft Windows manner, the sofbvare can be handled intuitively. The third level of normalization in data base architecture and various automatic plausibility checks guarantee utmost integrity of data and efficacy of database. Results: To date, the software has been used routinely for two years in more than 2000 examinations in over 1000 preterm infants.

93. Eye Care - Retinopathy Of Prematurity Print Version. Eye Care retinopathy of prematurity. What is retinopathyof prematurity? Retinopathy What causes retinopathy of prematurity? The http://www.musckids.com/health_library/eye/rpm.htm

94. Eye Facts Retinopathy Of Prematurity retinopathy of prematurity. What is retinopathy of prematurity? Retinopathyof Prematurity (ROP) is a developmental disease of the http://www.uic.edu/com/eye/education/eyefacts/RetinopathyofPrematurity.htm

Retinopathy of Prematurity What is Retinopathy of Prematurity? Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) is a developmental disease of the eye that affects premature infants. When a baby is born, the retinal blood vessels have not completed their development. In patients with ROP, the blood vessels stop growing and new, abnormal blood vessels grow instead of normal retinal blood vessels. The developmental arrest and blood vessel maldevelopment may be temporary or permanent, minimal or severe. The most severe complication of this disease is bilateral blindness in early childhood. Who gets ROP? Almost all infants with advanced stages of ROP weighed less than 1,600 grams (about three pounds, eight ounces) at birth. Many required significant use of additional oxygen to stay alive. Some of these babies also suffered from severe infections, lung disease, anemia, hemorrhages in the brain, and a variety of other serious problems. Most babies with advanced ROP were born before 32 weeks of gestation. The smaller the baby or the more immature the retinal development, the more likely the infant is to develop complications of ROP which can lead to blindness. Infants under 1,000 grams (about two pounds, three ounces) are the most likely to develop severe ROP.

95. ClinicalTrials.gov - Linking Patients To Medical Research: Study Details The Early Treatment for retinopathy of prematurity Study (ETROP). This study iscurrently recruiting patients. retinopathy of prematurity, Procedure retinal http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00027222?order=11

96. Arch Ophthalmol -- Page Not Found Multicenter Trial of Cryotherapy for retinopathy of prematurity OphthalmologicalOutcomes at 10 Years Author Information Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of http://archopht.ama-assn.org/issues/v119n8/abs/ecs10023.html

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97. OSL: Diode Laser Photocoagulation For Retinopathy Of Prematurity- A Histopatholo Volume 32 (1) * January/February 2001 * Case Report (abstract). Diode LaserPhotocoagulation for retinopathy of prematurity A Histopathologic Study. http://www.slackinc.com/eye/os/stor0101/park.htm

Ophthalmic Surgery and Lasers [About Ophthalmic Surgery and Lasers [Table of Contents] Volume 32 (1) * January/February 2001 * Case Report (abstract) Diode Laser Photocoagulation for Retinopathy of Prematurity: A Histopathologic Study Paul Park, MD; Ralph C. Eagle Jr, MD; William S. Tasman, MD ABSTRACT Ophthalmic Surg Lasers AUTHORS From the Retina Service (PP, WST) and the Department of Pathology (RCE), Wills Eye Hospital and Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Accepted for publication July 17, 2000. Supported in part by Research to Prevent Blindness, Inc., New York, NY and the The Noel T. and Sara L. Simmonds Endowment for Ophthalmic Pathology, Wills Eye Hospital. Address reprint requests to William S. Tasman, MD, Retina Service, Wills Eye Hospital, 900 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107. About SLACK Inc. Go to ocular resources. Go to Ophthalmic Surgery and Lasers. Current issue contents. Try out a free issue. Take out a subscription. Revised 23 January 2001.

98. Volume 42 January - December 1996 Risk factors associated with retinopathy of prematurity a study fromOman. MR . Bassiouny Division of Neonatology, Department of http://www3.oup.co.uk/tropej/hdb/Volume_42/Issue_06/420355.sgm.abs.html

Volume 42: January - December 1996 Issue 6: December 1996 Abstract Risk factors associated with retinopathy of prematurity: a study from Oman MR Bassiouny Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Mansoura University, PO Box 35, 35516 Mansura Egypt ABSTRACT Pages: Part of the OUP Journal of Tropical Pediatrics WWW service General Information Click here to register with OUP. This page is maintained by OUP admin Last updated 03 Dec 96 Part of the OUP Journals World Wide Web service Oxford University Press, 1996

99. HON Mother & Child Glossary, Prematurity Problems: Other HON Mother Child Glossary, Prematurity Problems retinopathy of prematurity.retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is abnormal growth http://www.hon.ch/Dossier/MotherChild/prematurity_problems/general.html

Introduction Reproduction Pregnancy During Pregnancy ... Glossary A-Z Postnatal Postpartum Recovery Neonatal Illness Physical Development Motor Skills ... Milestones External survey "Questionnaire on mood" conducted by the "IMSP- Faculty of Medicine - University of Geneva" Prematurity Problems: Other Apnea of prematurity is by far the most common cause of apnea (a pause in breathing for 15 -20 seconds) in an infant born at 34 weeks, and is due to the immature respiratory centres in the premature infants brain. If an infant stops breathing this results in lower oxygen levels and the baby becoming blue in colour. Bradycardia (slowing of the heart) will then result. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a form of lung injury, which occurs in infants who have had severe RDS , lung infection, were extremely premature at birth or were on a mechanical ventilation device. To decrease the risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia, a doctor usually places an infant on a ventilator only when necessary and for the shortest period possible. Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) . NEC is an inflammation causing destruction or even death ( necrosis ) of part of the bowel. This may occur in

100. The Increasing Problem Of Retinopathy Of Prematurity Review Article. The Increasing Problem of retinopathy of prematurity. 1 Gilbert C.retinopathy of prematurity Epidemiology. J Comm Eye Health 1997; 10 22–24. http://www.jceh.co.uk/journal/40_3.asp

Journal of Community Eye Health An International Journal to Promote Eye Health Worldwide Review Article The Increasing Problem of Retinopathy of Prematurity Andrea Zin MD MSc Paediatric Ophthalmologist Department of Neonatology Fernandes Figueira Institute Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Avenue Rui Barbosa 716 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Background Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is an important cause of avoidable childhood blindness in industrialised countries. It is also emerging as a problem in econom-ically developing parts of the world because of the ever increasing survival of low, and very low birth weight infants, especially in urban settings. Many studies have investigated risk factors for ROP, and the major parameters are low birth weight and pre-term birth. In addition, the infant retina has been shown to be very susceptible to fluctuating oxygen levels. The development of ROP seems to be determined by the immaturity of the infantile retina and how early the damage to the tissues starts. Other factors related are hypoxia, septicaemia, acidosis, vitamin E deficiency and intraventricular haemorrhage. Table 1: Mortality Rate/Age < 1 Year/ Region (Brazil) There is little data on the proportion of premature, low birth weight babies who have the different stages of ROP, as well as little data on the proportion of childhood blindness due to ROP in Brazil. As ROP seems to be associated with infant survival, these rates may reflect overall mortality rates for each region (Table1). There is neither a national programme for ROP screening nor available official childhood blindness registration data. As an isolated initiative, some public and private institutions perform screening for ROP using different guidelines.

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